BACKGROUND: The use of anesthesia during assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as TEST (Tubal Embryo Stage Transfer) may expose early embryo to anesthetics in tubal fluid. The effects of anesthetic agents on the development of early embryo in ART are yet unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of narcotics on mouse two-cell embryo development using in vitro growth model of mouse embryo. METHODS: Mouse two-cell embryos were exposed to narcotics, fentanyl (6.0 nM; 30.0 nM) and meperidine (1.0 M; 3.6 M) respectively. Mouse two-cell embryos unexposed to any drugs were served as controls. In vitro developmental patterns were observed on the third and fifth day of culture. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the rates of embryos arrested at 2~8 cell stage on the third day after culture and blastocysts development and their hatching on the fifth day after culture among three groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that fentanyl and meperidine in clinical therapeutic concentration have no detrimental effects on the in vitro two-cell mouse embryo development. But further investigations are required to determine whether narcotics have any adverse toxic effects in human reproductive medicine.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Animals ; Blastocyst ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Meperidine ; Mice* ; Narcotics* ; Pregnancy ; Reproductive Medicine ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

The frontal sinus has importance from the aesthetic and functional points of view, so management of the frontal sinus should be conducted. The management may differ with the severity of displacement, the extent of displacement, as well as the involvement of the brain and nasofrontal duct. Fifteen patients with frontal sinus fracture were managed differently depending on the severity of their injuries for between 14 and 31 months, and then evaluated. During the follow-up period, encountered no complications and the overall result of the foreh ead contour was satisfactory.
Brain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frontal Sinus* ; Humans

This retrospective study comprise 595 patients with facial bone fractures in various accidents and treated in the department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Chung Buk National University Hospital between September 1991 and December 1997. The medical records of these 595 patients were reviewed and analyzed in order to obtain the clinical pattern and understand the therapeutic modalities. The following results were obtained. 1. The most prevalent age group was the third decade(35.1%). 2. The monthly incidence was the highest in September and the most common accident time was between 6:00 p.m. and midnight. 3. The most common etiology was motor vehicle accidents(59.5%) followed by assault(26.2%), fall(11.4%), sports(2.7%). 4. The male predominated over female in 4.27:1 ratio. 5. The most common fracture site was nose(30.0%) followed by mandible(26.7%), zygoma(23.3%), orbit(8.6%), maxilla(8.1%), frontal sinus(3.2%). 6. The most common fracture site of mandible was parasymphsis(34.9%) followed by angle(27.1%), condyle(23.4%), symphysis(14.5%). 7. The soft tissue injury was the most common associated injury(51.1%). Fcial soft tissue injuries were sustained by 53.3% in the highest rate associated with the associated injuries. 8. Open reduction was used for 63.7% of total cases while 33.8% of total cases required closed reduction, and 2.5% of total cases treated conservatively. 9. The complication rate was 14.1% and the ophthalmologic complication rate comprise 44.9% of all complications.
Chungcheongbuk-do ; Facial Bones* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mandible ; Medical Records ; Motor Vehicles ; Plastics ; Retrospective Studies ; Soft Tissue Injuries

PURPOSE: Periocular carbon dioxide ultrapulsed laser surgery can induce ocular damage. Herein we report a rare case of corneal burn after carbon dioxide ultrapulsed laser for nevus removal. CASE SUMMARY: A 25-year-old female patient presented with ocular pain, decreased visual acuity, and metamorphopsia in the left eye after laser surgery for nevus removal at a dermatology clinic 4 days prior. The patient's best corrected visual acuity in the left eye was 20/100. Central corneal haziness and corneal epithelial defect were observed on biomicroscopic examination. Antibiotics, steroid and artificial tear eye drops were administered for treatment. Glasses were prescribed to correct refraction errors. After 2 months of treatment, the best corrected visual acuity in the left eye recovered to 20/50, and corneal epithelial defect was mostly healed, however corneal haziness remained. CONCLUSIONS: Carbon dioxide ultrapulsed laser is commonly used in dermatological treatments. The use of an eye shield is important during this procedure, and possibility of ocular surface damage from laser treatment should be considered.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Burns* ; Carbon Dioxide* ; Dermatology ; Eyeglasses ; Female ; Glass ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Gas ; Nevus* ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Tears ; Vision Disorders ; Visual Acuity

Cystadenomas are benign neoplasm in which the epithelium demonstrates adenomatous proliferation. Several morphologic variants of cystadenomas have bean described, including papillary-oncocytic, mucous, and seromucous subtypes. Cystadenomas arising from salivary glands are very rare and seromucous cystadenoma of parotid gland has not been reported in Korea so far. Cystadenomas of the parotid gland usually Present as asymptomatic slowly growing mass and those of the minor salivary glands produce smooth nodules that may be compressible. We performed a superficial parotidectomy in a patient with a seromucous cystadenoma. This may be the first report of seromucous cystadenoma of carotid gland in Korea.
Cystadenoma* ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Korea ; Parotid Gland* ; Salivary Glands ; Salivary Glands, Minor

Isoflurane causes little myocardial depression, rapid onset and recovery during controlled hypotensive anesthesia. Nitroglycerin, vasodilating agent, has short plasma half-life and myocardial protective effect, is easy to cantrol, and has no direct toxic effect. Doxapram hydrochloride(doxapram Hcl), respiratory stimulant, has been found to be safe and significantly potent, but also has significant pressor effect when larger doses are administered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of doxapram on the hemodynamics after isoflurane and nitroglycerin-induced hypotensive anesthesia in dogs. Hemodynamic measurement including the value of left ventricular pressure, aortic pressure, pulmonary eapillary wedge pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, maximal and minimal dP/dT were determined in 8 dogs before doxapram Hcl administration, Smin, 15min and 30min after doxapram Hcl administration. 1) Left ventricular pressure and aortic pressure increased at 5min and 15min after doxapram Hcl administration but did not change significantly at 30min compared to the preadministration values. 2) Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and pulmonary artery pressure increased significantly at Smin and 15min, but did not change significantly 30min compared to the preadministration values. 3) Heart rate increased significantly at Smin, but did not change significantly at 15min and 30min compared to the preadministration value. 4) Cardiac output and body temperature did not change significantly at 5min, 15min compared to the preadministation values. 5) Maximal dP/dT increased signifieantly at Smin and 15min, but did not change at 30min compared to the preadministration value, minimal dP/dT increased significantly at 5min, but did not change at 15min and 30min compared to the preadministration value.
Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Arteries ; Body Temperature ; Cardiac Output ; Depression ; Dogs* ; Doxapram* ; Half-Life ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Isoflurane* ; Nitroglycerin* ; Plasma ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Ventricular Pressure

Urinary excretion of vanillymandelic acid (VMA) during a period of 24 hours was determined in 127 normal Korean adults and in 27 patients suffering from primary hypertension. The diurnal and nocturnal variations of urinary VMA excretion were measured in 3O normal persons and 11 patients with primary hypertension, and the day to day variations of urinary VMA excretion in l2 normal persons. The mean daily output of urinary VMA was fairly constant in each individual but varied widely between individuals. The mean daily output of urinary VMA in normal Korean adults is 1.95 +/- 1.15 (S.D.)mg, which is similar to that observed in occidentals. There is no significant difference between the nocturnal and the diurnal excretion of VMA. The mean daily output of urinary VMA in patients with primary hypertension was 2.17 +/- 0.76(S.D.) mg. This means that there is no significant variation in the urinary excretion of VMA between normal adults and patients with primary hypertension. Furthermore, the urinary output of VMA is not influenced by the sex.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Human ; Hypertension/*metabolism ; Korea ; Male ; Mandelic Acids/*urine ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability provides us with many informations of autonomic activities of cardiovascular system. Among the many methods of analyzing R-R variability, power spectral analysis is understood to be the most useful, quantitative, and noninvasive method which represents the changes of frequency. And the power spectral density is composed of three components in power, a high frequency at 0.15~0.5Hz, a middle frequency at 0.10-0.15 Hz, and a low frequency at 0.04~0.08Hz. METHODS: The each frequency power of the R-R interval variability was checked in the 8 mongorean dogs according to the changes in end tidal concentration of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane, and the relationship was measured. RESULTS: The power of three frequency bands decreased at 1.0 and 1.5MAC and increased at 2.0MAC halothane compared with previous MAC respectively. The power increased at 1.0 and 1.5MAC and decreased at 2.0MAC enflurane compared with previous MAC respectively. There was no correlation between the power of three frequency bands and the changes of end tidal concentration of isoflurane. The low/high ratio associated with the changes of end tidal concentration of inhalation anesthetics increased at 1.0 and 1.5MAC and decreased at 2.0MAC compared with previous MAC respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In our study we confirmed that spectral analysis of R-R interval variability might reflect the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity and low/high ratio would be a convenient index of such interaction during anesthesia within the clinical range of end tidal concentration of inhalation anesthetics.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Inhalation* ; Animals ; Cardiovascular System ; Dogs ; Enflurane ; Halothane ; Heart Rate ; Inhalation* ; Isoflurane ; Sympathetic Nervous System

BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated the isoflurane and halothane may be detrimental to in vitro fertilization of mouse oocytes in high concentrations. The aim of this study is to compare the toxic effects of volatile anesthetics on mouse embryos using in vitro growth model of two cell mouse embryos. METHODS: mouse two-cell embryos exposed to three volatile anesthetics, enflurane(0.5mM; 1.5mM), isoflurane(0.26mM; 0.78mM)and halothane(0.24mM; 0.72mM). Mouse two-cell unexposed to any drugs were included as controls. RESULTS: The percentages of two-cell mouse embryos developed over morula stages on the third day after exposure of high concentrations of isoflurane and halothane decreased significantly compared with controls. The rates of embryos arrested at 2~8 cell stage in these groups were significantly higher than that of controls. There were no significant differences in these rates between enflurane group, isoflurane and halothane group of lower concentrations and controls. The hatching and/or hatched blastocysts development were significantly lower in isoflurane and halothane group than in controls. no significant differences in the hatching rate of blastocyst developed were observed among groups. CONCLUSIONS: our data show that isoflurane and halothane in high concentrations have harm effects of the in vitro growth of two cell mouse embryos.
Anesthetics ; Animals ; Blastocyst ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Enflurane* ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Halothane* ; Isoflurane* ; Mice* ; Morula ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy

Aneurysms of peripheral pulmonary arteries are uncommon. It may appear as a coinlesion in a plain chest film. In general, a popular and effective method for pathologic diagnosis of solitary lung lesion is needle aspiration biopsy, a technique which is safe in most instances. Also, ultrasonograhic or fluoroscopic methods are needed for the evaluation of this lesion. If pulmonary artery aneurysm is untreated, the prognosis of this disease is poor. Sixty percents of the patients with pulmonary artery aneurysm died following rupture of the aneurysm. Surgical correction is the preferred treatment. We are reporting a case of pulmonary aneurysm with the review of literature.
Aneurysm* ; Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Needles ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Rupture ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis