Congenital arteriovenous(AV) communications of retinal circulation are rare developmental anomalies, exsisting alone or in association with ipsilateral vascular anomalies of the mid brain, cranial sinuses and skin. These are usually unilateral. We report a case of bilateral congenital arteriovenous communication. The right eye showed group III arteriovenous communication of retina with vitreous hemorrhage. The left eye showed group II arteriovenous communication combined with group I.
Brain ; Cranial Sinuses ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Skin ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

To determine the effectiveness of unilateral medical rectus recession and lateral rectus resection in esotropia, surgical outcome was reviewed. We excluded paralytic strabismus, refractive esotropia and nonrefractive esotropia with high AC/A. Of 128 cases, 60 cases were male, 68 cases were female. At the amount of surgery, age distribution was from 11 month to 55 years. Preoperative angle of deviation was from 12 delta to 95 delta. We treated the patients with varying amount of unilateral medial rectus recession from 2.5mm to 8mm and unilateral lateral rectus resection from 2.5mm to 10mm. Following 31 months in average, 102(79.69%) showed successful alignment(orthporia +/-10 delta). The average amount of correction amount was 30.42 delta.
Age Distribution ; Esotropia* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Strabismus

To determine the effectiveness of unilateral medical rectus recession and lateral rectus resection in esotropia, surgical outcome was reviewed. We excluded paralytic strabismus, refractive esotropia and nonrefractive esotropia with high AC/A. Of 128 cases, 60 cases were male, 68 cases were female. At the amount of surgery, age distribution was from 11 month to 55 years. Preoperative angle of deviation was from 12 delta to 95 delta. We treated the patients with varying amount of unilateral medial rectus recession from 2.5mm to 8mm and unilateral lateral rectus resection from 2.5mm to 10mm. Following 31 months in average, 102(79.69%) showed successful alignment(orthporia +/-10 delta). The average amount of correction amount was 30.42 delta.
Age Distribution ; Esotropia* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Strabismus

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

It is the purpose of this study to compare the postoperative results of 168 patients with exotropia of basic and simulated divergence excess type over 40 prism diopters; 86 patients had bilateral rectus muscle recessions and 82 patients underwent lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection. The patients in the former group had averaged 13.7 years of age and 8.2 months of postoperative follow-up period. Those in the latter group averaged 22.9 years and had been followed up for 7.1 months. The postoperative success rates are as follows: 66.7%(57/86) in the bilateral rectus muscle recession group and 68.1%(58/82) in the lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection group(P>0.05). And the success rates of those older than 16 years without amblyopia are 60.0%(18/30) in the former group and 75.0%(24/32) in the latter group(P>0.05). The lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection group showed somewhat higher rates of success even though it proved statistically insignificant.
Amblyopia ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

Among total 108 cases of biopsy-proven fibroadenomas of the breast, which obtained from the files of the Asan Medical Center during one year period from October 1998 to September 1999, 23 cases cytologically diagnosed as high risk group were reviewed to retrieve the mis-leading factors. Initial cytologic diagnoses of 23 cases were proliferative breast lesion with atypia(high risk) in 21 cases(91.3%) and papillary neoplasm in 2 cases(8.7%). When we reanalysed 23 cases by Masood scoring system, they were classified as one non-proliferative breast lesion(4.3%), 16 proliferative breast lesions without atypia (69.6%), and 6 proliferative breast lesions with atypia(26.1%). None were subject to the category of carcinoma. Cytologic features leading to the overdiagnosis of high grade epithelial lesions were as follows; cellular dissociation without nuclear atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, anisonucleosis, and occasional macronucleoli without nuclear enlargement, lack of myxoid stroma, and few naked stromal cells. To avoid cytologic overdiagnosis of fibroadenoma, mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism without nuclear enlargement, and cellular dissociation without nuclear atypia should not be regarded as criteria of high risk group.
Neoplasm Metastasis

From March 1985 to Sep.1985, Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization was perfromed in 17 primary heptomaand 8 metstasis of liver in Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Metastatic cancers ofliver were one nasopharyngeal cancer, one small bowel leiomyosarcoma, one gall bladder cancer and 5 colon cancers.The used embolization materials were the followings: Gelfoam particles for one primary hepatoma, 95% absoluteethanol for 4 patients, Ivalon(250-590micro m) for 19 patients and autologous blood clots for one metastasis, Theresults were summarized as the follows: 1. The devascularization of tumor vessels in post-emblization hepaticangiogram was complete in 6 primary hepatom and one metastasis and partial in 11 primary hepatoma and 7metastasis. 2. In the follow-up CT evaluation 3 to 4 weeks after embolization, well necrotic density was revealedin 8 primary hepatoma and one metastasis. 3. The complications were fever with higher than 38 degrees C(92%),abdominal pain (72%) and nausia or vomiting(40%). They were subsided wtihin one to 7 days after embolization. 4.In liver function study, sGOT and sGPT were elevated in 80% of total cases and returned to normal within 15 to 30days. LDH was variable. In 4 cases of absolute ethanol infusion, above liver enzymes were markedly elvated as 10times or more as normal range.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Colon ; Ethanol ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Liver Neoplasms ; Liver ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Reference Values

We have evaluated the post-embolization findings of hepatic tumors(15 cases of hepatoma, and 5 cases ofmetastatic tumors)using Ivalon particles in conjunction with the pre-embolization status of CT. Serial CTexaminations were done every 3 week intervals after embolization procedure. Findings were as follows: 1. Inhepatoma, tumor volume was decreased in 7 cases at 3 week after procedure. Among which 5 cases revealed tumorvolume decrease of 0 to 25 percent. 2. Most important findings of post embolized hepatic tumors was decreasedtumoral density and attenuation of tumor wall enhancement. 3. Intratumoral air was developed within 3 week afterembolization and appeared as mottled or linear branching patterns in the center or periphery of the tumor. 4. Itseems to be important to observe the change of intratumoral density and measurement of tumoral volume to determinethe reembolizatin procedure.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Tumor Burden

Tooth movement by orthodontic force is based upon alveolar bone resorption at compression site and bone formation at tension site of tooth. The function of cyclic AMP is to participate not only in initial action of bone cells by mechanical forces but also in the continuous cellular response leading, to bone remodeling. This experiment was performed to clarify the role of cyclic AMP in bone remodeling by mechanical forces. The orthodontic forces of about 80 gm and 100 gm were applied to the right canines of maxillary and mandibular bone, respectively, in cats, treated for periods of time ranging from one hour to 28 days. Alveolar bones were obtained from compression and tension sites . surrounding tipping maxillary and mandibular canines as well as from contralateral control sites. The samples were extracted, boiled and homogenized, and the supernatants were assayed for cyclic AMP by a radioimmunoassay mothod. The results were as follows: 1. The orthodontic movement of canines was increased to the end of experimental period and the action of orthodontic forces on tooth movement was more effective in maxillary canine. 2. The cyclic AMP levels of alveolar bones in compression and tension sites initially decreased, then increased and remained elevated to the end of experiment. The differences of the cyclic AMP levels between treated sites and non-treated sites were gradually increased. 3. The cyclic AMP levels in treated sites of mandibular alveolar bone was higher than that of maxillary alveolar bone.
Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone Resorption ; Cats ; Cyclic AMP* ; Osteogenesis ; Radioimmunoassay ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

This experiment was performed to investigate the response of inorganic substances in alveolar bone in relation to the experimental tooth movement. Right canine in maxillary jaw was tipped in cats by coil springs generating 80 gm. force, in mandibular jaw, the force was 100 gm. force. Cats were divided into five groups and orthodontically treated for one hour, 1, 7, 14 and 28 days, respectively. Alveolar bone samples were obtained from tension and compression sites as well as from contralateral control sites. The level of calcium of alveolar bone was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inorganic phosphorus was measured by spectrophotometry. The results obtained were-as follows: 1. In tension and compression site of maxillary alveolar bone, calcium levels were decreased at 1, 7 and 14 days, but recovered at 28 days. 2. The levels of inorganic phosphorus in compression site of maxillary alveolar bone had little change but in tension site of maxillary alveolar bone,, phosphorous levels were decreased. 3. Calcium levels in tension and compression site of mandibular alveolar bone were decreased, especially at 28 days. 4. In tension and compression site of mandibular alveolar bone, inorganic phosphorus were slightly decreased from I day.
Animals ; Calcium* ; Cats* ; Jaw ; Phosphorus ; Spectrophotometry ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Tooth Movement