The authors compared the basic characteristics of rural woman in relation to family planning for June 1967 and June 1969 in Kyung San Country Kyungpook Province, Korea. The statistics showed that these characteristics are gradually changing. The marriage age was slightly higher than the past year and the formal education of women increased. The ideal children number, and tile gravidity and mortality rates decreased. At the same time the number of induced abortions, the knowledge of family planning, and the acceptance rate of contraception increased. These phenomena seem to follow the present worldwide trend.
Abortion, Induced ; Child ; Contraception ; Education ; Family Planning Services* ; Female ; Gravidity ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Marriage ; Mortality

PURPOSE: To validate the surgical principles by analyzing the cause of a correction loss after pedicle subtraction osteotomy in patients with a sagittal imbalance in the radiological aspects, retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty cases were analyzed radiographycally according to the presence (Group A) or absence (Group B) of the lower mobile segment and anterior column support performed (Group A2) or not (Group A1), respectively. RESULTS: The overall correction loss of the total fused part appeared to increase in group A (p=0.025) and the degree of lordosis of the osteotomy site showed an almost zero correction loss in group A and B. No statistic difference of the correction loss of the upper segment of the osteotomy site between the two groups was found (p=0.138). The correction loss of the lower segment of osteotomy site increased statistically more in goup A (p=0.014). The correction loss in group A occurred more in the lower segment than in the upper segment and the correction loss of the lower segment in group A1 appeared to have a better correlation than group A2 (p=0.012). CONCLUSION: Correction loss occurs at the intervertebral disc of the mobile segment. It is considered desirable to have anterior column support to all lower segment of the osteotomy site, because the correction loss increases more in the lower segment than in the upper segment.
Animals ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Lordosis ; Osteotomy* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of wire fixation technique for tibial tubercle osteotomy in total knee arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three cases who underwent TKA with tibial tubercle osteotomy and wire fixation technique for the extensile exposure between January, 1982 and April, 2001, were reviewed. Seventeen cases were male and six cases female. The averageperiod of follow-up was 58 months. The average age was 62.3 years (minimal: 38, maximal: 74). Five cases underwent tibial tubercleosteotomy for primary TKA and the preoperative diagnoses were degenerative osteoarthritis in 2 cases, posttraumatic osteoarthritis in 1case and rheumatoid arthritis in 2 cases. Eighteen cases underwent tibial tubercle osteotomy for revision TKA due to the infected TKAin 10 cases and aseptic loosening in 8 cases. Osteotomized tibial tubercle in size of 2x10 cm was achieved by using oscillating saw and curved osteotome from the point of 2 cm distal to the articular surface of proximal tibia to 8 cm below the tibial tubercle. Six holes were drilled with 1 cm distance for 3 wires passage. The tubercle fragment was fixed with 3 wires and the wires were bent around the tibial stemin the medullary canal for passage through tubercle fragment. The passive range of motion was started within one week after the operation. We evaluated the preoperative and postoperative range of motion and the radiologic bony union was assessed by lateral radiograph. The clinical results were assessed by Knee Society Knee Score. RESULTS: The bony union was achieved in twenty-two cases about 13 moths after the operation, and fixation loss was observed in one case. The average range of motion were 70 degrees (5-90 degrees) preoperatively and 80.8 degrees (25-110 degrees) postoperatively. The average clinical knee scores of painand function were 51 (40-57) point, 58 (45-70) point preoperatively and 54 (50-65) point, 65 (54-78) point postoperatively. Two complications were noted with one case of infection and fixation loss due to injury in each. CONCLUSION: Wire fixation for tibial tubercle osteotomy in total knee arthroplasty results in firm fixation of tubercle fragment, therefore it seems to be an useful technique in exposure for total knee arthroplasty.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee* ; Male ; Moths ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteotomy* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tibia

Intraosseous lipomas are extremely rare and this incidence has been reported to be less than one per 1,000 primary bone tumors. Because of its rarity, information of this tumor is obtained from case reports. We report a case of intraosseous lipoma that developed in the proximal humerus. The patient was a 69-year-old male who had experienced night pain and intermittent pain at the proximal humerus for 10 years. Simple x-ray revealed a well demarcated osteolytic lesion, which was measured 4 cm in width with a central calcific lesion. There was no cortical destruction in the proximal humerus. He was treated by currettage without bone graft, thereafter his symptoms were relieved.
Aged ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Incidence ; Lipoma* ; Male ; Transplants

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ischemic preconditioning reduces the size of myocardial infarct in animal models, however its role in humans remains unclear. Clinical data suggests that episodes of angina immediately before acute myocardial infarction may be associated with a protective effect on the human myocardium. We performed an analysis on the effect of prodromal angina on infarct size, in-hospital outcome and newly developed Q-wave in patients with acute myocardial infarction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 65 patients who had received thrombolytic therapy were enrolled in the study. Eleven patients (17%) had experienced previous angina within 24 hours prior to acute myocardial infarction (group I), and the remaining 54 patients (83%) did not have a history of previous angina (group II). Killip class, cardiac enzyme, ECG findings, echocardiographic data and in-hospital outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Group I tended to have lower peak creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB levels, although the difference between the two groups in regards to the level of cardiac enzyme was statistically insignificant. Despite similar patient characteristics, Group I showed a lower incidence of heart failure during hospitalization than group II. 6/11 patients (55%) in group I and 47/54 (87%) in group II had a Q-wave at discharge ECG. Group I showed better left ventricular systolic function during admission. None of the DM patients (14 patients) had prodromal angina and 13 of 14 patients (93%) demonstrated Q-wave infarction. CONCLUSION: Prodromal angina prior to acute myocardial infarction as a marker of ischemic preconditioning may also confer beneficial effects in terms of in-hospital outcomes. Further studies concerning the long term outcomes of such cases are needed.
Angina Pectoris ; Creatine Kinase ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography* ; Heart Failure ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Models, Animal ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardium ; Thrombolytic Therapy

BACKGROUND: Between 1994 and 1999, 38,264 potential marrow donors typed for HLA- A, -B, and -DRB1 antigens had been recruited in the Korean registries. During the same period, 131 unrelated transplants have been carried out in Korea. In present study, the search procedure within the last two years for an unrelated donor at the Catholic University of Korea is analyzed. METHODS: The search for an unrelated donor for 287 patients was performed. Low resolutional HLA-A and -B typing was performed by serology and HLA-DRB1 typing was done by DNA-typing. We analyzed HLA match rate, the intervals between search activation and transplant, coordination success rate, and the reasons of coordination failure. We also investigated the RESULTS of donor search process through the Japan Marrow Donor Program (JMDP) and Tzu-Chi Taiwan Marrow Donor Registry (TCTMDR). RESULTS: At least one HLA-identical donor has been found for 54.7% of 287 patients in the first search using the Korean registries. As of the end of July 2000, 53 patients had received unrelated transplants and the coordination success rate was 33.8%. The average interval to transplant with the Korean registries was 128 days. The most common diagnosis in the patients who underwent transplantation was CML. Among 47 patients who registered in the JMDP, 25 patients found at least one HLA- identical donor. Twelve of them were transplanted. The average time to transplants was 149 days. Since February 2000, we have registered 22 patients in the TCTMDR. Four of them had one HLA-matched donor and transplants are now in progress. CONCLUSION: The donor pool is rapidly expanding and the patients who receive unrelated transplant are also increasing in Korea. From these data, we realized that the international collaboration of Asian countries would be very important for facilitating unrelated transplants for patients who could not find suitable donor in their national registries.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bone Marrow ; Cooperative Behavior ; Diagnosis ; HLA-A Antigens ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; Registries ; Stem Cells* ; Taiwan ; Tissue Donors* ; Unrelated Donors

PURPOSE: Malignant lymphoma is the primary malignant tumor derived from lymphoid organs. It is composed of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Recently, survival rate is on the rise due to improved combination chemotherapy, radiotherapy and high dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In South Korea, no epidemiologic studies concerning malignant lymphoma in the pediatric age group has been performed. Therefore, the Korean Society of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology retrospectively analyzed the incidence, pathologic subtypes, treatment strategies, and survival rates of pediatric malignant lymphomas in South Korea. METHOD: Questionnaires were made and sent to a group of training hospitals, with a return of 580 questionnaires from 24 hospitals. Among them, 517 reports were suitable for analysis. RESULTS: Among the 517 cases, Hodgkin's disease accounted for 58 cases and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma for 459 cases. Male to female ratio for malignant lymphoma was 2.7. Mean age at diagnosis was 8.3 years. Among the pathologic subtypes, mixed cellularity was the most frequent subtype for Hodgkin's disease. Most (70.7%) cases of non-Hodgkins lymphoma belonged to high grade NHL. Burkitt lymphoma accounted for 102 cases, and lymphoblastic lymphoma was found in 58 cases. Peripheral lymphadenopathy was the most common presenting sign upon diagnosis. B symptoms were significantly more frequent in Hodgkin's disease patients than in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. The Complete response rate was 62.1% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 82.8% for Hodgkin's disease. Overall 5 year survival rate was 60.0% in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, and 84.8% in Hodgkin's disease. CONCLUSION: The annual incidence of malignant lymphoma in Korea is 4.7 per million. In cases of chemotherapy-sensitive, refractory or relapsed malinant lymphoma, high dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is vital for improved survival. For more systematic analysis of epidemiology on malignant lymphomas, better surveillance mechanisms on the occurrence of malignant lymphomas are crucial, and establishment of standardized treatment protocol for malignant lymphoma is required.
Burkitt Lymphoma ; Child* ; Clinical Protocols ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology* ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies* ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: Wilms tumor is the most common malignant renal tumor in children. We investigated the epidemiology, clinical features and treatment outcome of the children with Wilms tumor in Korea during the recent 10 years. METHODS: Two hundred forty six patients were enrolled between January 1991 and December 2000 from 26 major hospitals in Korea. The data regarding the clinical features including sex, age, pathologic type, prognostic factor and treatment outcome of patients were analyzed retrospectively by review of patient's medical records. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed, The differences between groups were analyzed by log-rank test. RESULTS: There were 130 males and 116 females. The incidence between the age of 1~4 years was the highest with 66.2%. The annual incidence rate per 1, 000, 000 population varied from 1.9 to 2.1. The 10 years overall survival rate according to sex, clinical stage, pathologic type and relapse were as follows: 88.6% in male, 90.9% in female, 100% in stage I, 94.7% in stage II, 92.1% in stage III, 63.4% in stage IV, 85.7% in stage V, 95.3% in favorable histology, 64.1% in unfavorable histology, 94.8% in non-relapse, and 40.9% in relapse. The relapse rate was 12%. The 10 years overall survival rate of 246 patients were 89.1%. CONCLUSION: Our results could provide the most recent and important clinical information on Wilms tumor of children in Korea.
Child ; Epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Korea* ; Male ; Medical Records ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Wilms Tumor*