Purpose: Arm wrestling is a common strength competition, particularly among young men, including military personnel.While previous studies have examined humeral shaft fractures from arm wrestling or in soldiers, no research has focused on both. This study evaluates the outcomes of dual plating fixation via the anterolateral approach for arm wrestling-induced fractures in soldiers. Methods: This retrospective study included 18 male patients (mean age, 21.7 years) treated at the Armed Forces Daejeon Hospital (May 2022–December 2023). Data on rank, radial nerve injury, fracture type (AO-OTA classification), and clinical outcomes (union time, radial nerve recovery, DASH score) were analyzed. Results: The cohort included 12 soldiers, two non-commissioned officers, and four officers. Common fracture types were A1 and B1, with four cases of radial nerve palsy. Union occurred at 12.5 weeks, and nerve recovery averaged 15 weeks. No cases of non-union or persistent nerve damage were observed. Conclusion Arm wrestling carries a high risk of humeral fractures in soldiers. Awareness and preventive measures should be emphasized. The dual plating fixation technique via the anterolateral approach is highly effective, demonstrating excellent union and recovery outcomes.

Purpose: Arm wrestling is a common strength competition, particularly among young men, including military personnel.While previous studies have examined humeral shaft fractures from arm wrestling or in soldiers, no research has focused on both. This study evaluates the outcomes of dual plating fixation via the anterolateral approach for arm wrestling-induced fractures in soldiers. Methods: This retrospective study included 18 male patients (mean age, 21.7 years) treated at the Armed Forces Daejeon Hospital (May 2022–December 2023). Data on rank, radial nerve injury, fracture type (AO-OTA classification), and clinical outcomes (union time, radial nerve recovery, DASH score) were analyzed. Results: The cohort included 12 soldiers, two non-commissioned officers, and four officers. Common fracture types were A1 and B1, with four cases of radial nerve palsy. Union occurred at 12.5 weeks, and nerve recovery averaged 15 weeks. No cases of non-union or persistent nerve damage were observed. Conclusion Arm wrestling carries a high risk of humeral fractures in soldiers. Awareness and preventive measures should be emphasized. The dual plating fixation technique via the anterolateral approach is highly effective, demonstrating excellent union and recovery outcomes.

Purpose: Arm wrestling is a common strength competition, particularly among young men, including military personnel.While previous studies have examined humeral shaft fractures from arm wrestling or in soldiers, no research has focused on both. This study evaluates the outcomes of dual plating fixation via the anterolateral approach for arm wrestling-induced fractures in soldiers. Methods: This retrospective study included 18 male patients (mean age, 21.7 years) treated at the Armed Forces Daejeon Hospital (May 2022–December 2023). Data on rank, radial nerve injury, fracture type (AO-OTA classification), and clinical outcomes (union time, radial nerve recovery, DASH score) were analyzed. Results: The cohort included 12 soldiers, two non-commissioned officers, and four officers. Common fracture types were A1 and B1, with four cases of radial nerve palsy. Union occurred at 12.5 weeks, and nerve recovery averaged 15 weeks. No cases of non-union or persistent nerve damage were observed. Conclusion Arm wrestling carries a high risk of humeral fractures in soldiers. Awareness and preventive measures should be emphasized. The dual plating fixation technique via the anterolateral approach is highly effective, demonstrating excellent union and recovery outcomes.

Purpose: Arm wrestling is a common strength competition, particularly among young men, including military personnel.While previous studies have examined humeral shaft fractures from arm wrestling or in soldiers, no research has focused on both. This study evaluates the outcomes of dual plating fixation via the anterolateral approach for arm wrestling-induced fractures in soldiers. Methods: This retrospective study included 18 male patients (mean age, 21.7 years) treated at the Armed Forces Daejeon Hospital (May 2022–December 2023). Data on rank, radial nerve injury, fracture type (AO-OTA classification), and clinical outcomes (union time, radial nerve recovery, DASH score) were analyzed. Results: The cohort included 12 soldiers, two non-commissioned officers, and four officers. Common fracture types were A1 and B1, with four cases of radial nerve palsy. Union occurred at 12.5 weeks, and nerve recovery averaged 15 weeks. No cases of non-union or persistent nerve damage were observed. Conclusion Arm wrestling carries a high risk of humeral fractures in soldiers. Awareness and preventive measures should be emphasized. The dual plating fixation technique via the anterolateral approach is highly effective, demonstrating excellent union and recovery outcomes.

Purpose: Arm wrestling is a common strength competition, particularly among young men, including military personnel.While previous studies have examined humeral shaft fractures from arm wrestling or in soldiers, no research has focused on both. This study evaluates the outcomes of dual plating fixation via the anterolateral approach for arm wrestling-induced fractures in soldiers. Methods: This retrospective study included 18 male patients (mean age, 21.7 years) treated at the Armed Forces Daejeon Hospital (May 2022–December 2023). Data on rank, radial nerve injury, fracture type (AO-OTA classification), and clinical outcomes (union time, radial nerve recovery, DASH score) were analyzed. Results: The cohort included 12 soldiers, two non-commissioned officers, and four officers. Common fracture types were A1 and B1, with four cases of radial nerve palsy. Union occurred at 12.5 weeks, and nerve recovery averaged 15 weeks. No cases of non-union or persistent nerve damage were observed. Conclusion Arm wrestling carries a high risk of humeral fractures in soldiers. Awareness and preventive measures should be emphasized. The dual plating fixation technique via the anterolateral approach is highly effective, demonstrating excellent union and recovery outcomes.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea and the third leading cause of death from cancer. Treatment outcomes for colon cancer are steadily improving due to national health screening programs with advances in diagnostic methods, surgical techniques, and therapeutic agents.. The Korea Colon Cancer Multidisciplinary (KCCM) Committee intends to provide professionals who treat colon cancer with the most up-to-date, evidence-based practice guidelines to improve outcomes and help them make decisions that reflect their patients’ values and preferences. These guidelines have been established by consensus reached by the KCCM Guideline Committee based on a systematic literature review and evidence synthesis and by considering the national health insurance system in real clinical practice settings. Each recommendation is presented with a recommendation strength and level of evidence based on the consensus of the committee.

Purpose: High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard management for relapsed or high-risk non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). We reported the busulfan, melphalan, and etoposide (BuME) conditioning regimen was effective in patients with relapsed or high-risk NHL. Moreover, the busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (BuCE) conditioning regimen has been used widely in ASCT for NHL. Therefore, based on these encouraging results, this randomized phase II multicenter trial compared the outcomes of BuME and BuCE as conditioning therapies for ASCT in patients with NHL. Materials and Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either BuME (n=36) or BuCE (n=39). The BuME regimen was comprised of busulfan (3.2 mg/kg/day, intravenously) administered on days –7, –6, and –5, etoposide (400 mg/m2 intravenously) on days –5 and –4, and melphalan (50 mg/m2/day intravenously) on days –3 and –2. The BuCE regimen was comprised of busulfan (3.2 mg/kg/day intravenously) on days –7, –6, and –5, etoposide (400 mg/m2/day intravenously) on days –5 and –4, and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg/day intravenously) on days –3 and –2. The primary endpoint was 2-year progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Seventy-five patients were enrolled. Eleven patients (30.5%) in the BuME group and 13 patients (33.3%) in the BuCE group had disease progression or died. The 2-year PFS rate was 65.4% in the BuME group and 60.6% in the BuCE group (p=0.746). There were no non-relapse mortalities within 100 days after transplantation. Conclusion There were no significant differences in PFS between the two groups. Therefore, busulfan-based conditioning regimens, BuME and BuCE, may be important treatment substitutes for the BCNU-containing regimens.

Objective: : High precision and accuracy are expected in gamma knife radiosurgery treatment. Because of the requirement of clinically applying complex radiation and dose gradients together with a rapid radiation decline, a dedicated quality assurance program is required to maintain the radiation dosimetry and geometric accuracy and to reduce all associated risk factors. This study investigates the validity of Leksell Gamma plan (LGP)10.1.1 system of 5th generation Gamma Knife Perfexion as modified variable ellipsoid modeling technique (VEMT) method. Methods: : To verify LGP10.1.1 system, we compare the treatment plan program system of the Gamma Knife Perfexion, that is, the LGP, with the calculated value of the proposed modified VEMT program. To verify a modified VEMT method, we compare the distributions of the dose of Gamma Knife Perfexion measured by Gafchromic EBT3 and EBT-XD films. For verification, the center of an 80 mm radius solid water phantom is placed in the center of all sectors positioned at 16 mm, 4 mm and 8 mm; that is, the dose distribution is similar to the method used in the x, y, and z directions by the VEMT. The dose distribution in the axial direction is compared and analyzed based on Full-Width-of-Half-Maximum (FWHM) evaluation. Results: : The dose profile distribution was evaluated by FWHM, and it showed an average difference of 0.104 mm for the LGP value and 0.130 mm for the EBT-XD film. Conclusion : The modified VEMT yielded consistent results in the two processes. The use of the modified VEMT as a verification tool can enable the system to stably test and operate the Gamma Knife Perfexion treatment planning system.

Objectives: . To investigate the correlation of objective audiometry with user satisfaction as measured with the questionnaire scores. Methods: . Twenty patients with hearing loss, who agreed to wear a hearing aid and were referred for hearing aid fitting, were included in this prospective clinical study. All patients used the in-the-canal type of Wide7 hearing aid provided by BSL Co., Ltd. We performed the Korean version of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (K-HHIE) and the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (K-IOI-HA) before and 1, 3, and 6 months after wearing the hearing aid. We also performed pure tone audiometry (PTA), speech audiometry (SA), functional gain (FG), hearing in noise test (HINT), and central auditory processing disorder tests, such as frequency pattern test (CA-f), duration pattern test (CA-d), and dichotic test (CA-Di). Patients were divided into two groups (group A-HHIE, improved; group B-HHIE, same or worse) by comparing the score of K-HHIE before and 6 months after wearing the hearing aid. In the 6-month K-IOI-HA questionnaire, 21 points were considered as the average score. Based on this, we further divided patients into two groups (group A-IOI, >21 points; group B-IOI, ≤21 points). Results: . Group A-HHIE included six patients and group B-HHIE included 14 patients. In PTA, SA, HINT, CA-d, and CA-Di, group A-HHIE showed higher improvements than group B-HHIE, which were not statistically significant. Group A-IOI included 12 patients and group B-IOI included eight patients. No statistically significant difference was noted in the improvement of audiometric results over a period of 6 months after wearing the hearing aid between groups A-IOI and B-IOI. Conclusion . There were no significant and consistent audiometric results to reflect patient’s satisfaction with the hearing aid. Therefore, when analyzing the hearing aid-fitting outcome, both the objective audiometric tests and subjective questionnaire should be performed together for validating hearing aid performance.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: CD11c is a dendritic cell marker in humans, which potentially induces a cytotoxic effect on lymphoma cells. Forkhead boxP3 (FOXP3) is a regulator of T lymphocyte in the microenvironment of the lymphoma. The principal objective of this study was to determine whether the tumors' microenvironment expressions of CD11c and FOXP3 are predictive of clinical outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients receiving treatment with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, anthracycline, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) combination chemotherapy. METHODS: The study population consisted of 100 patients with DLBCL. The CD11c and FOXP3 expression in primary tumors' microenvironment were evaluated using an immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: CD11c and FOXP3 expression positivity in microenvironment were 25% and 35%, respectively. Each one counted for 1 point. In CD11c and FOXP3 stain, positive was counted as 0 and negative was 1. The points were separated into low risk (0 to 1) and high risk (2) groups. Only the extranodal DLBCL patient group analysis conveyed significant differences of progression-free survival (p = 0.019) and overall survival (p = 0.039) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: We can achieve possible clinical significance of lymphoma tumor microenvironments through CD11c and FOXP3 IHC stains in extranodal DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP therapy.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Coloring Agents ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Dendritic Cells ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Prednisone* ; Rituximab* ; Tumor Microenvironment* ; Vincristine*