No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Decompression* ; Laminectomy*

No abstract available.
Osteotomy*

Laryngeal trauma is rare compared to other head and neck traumas, but it occurs, it can be life threatening. As for treatment, a laryngeal fracture that involves displacement of cartilage or extensive injury requires appropriate surgical treatments. For severe laryngeal fractures, conservative management is usually preferred with placing a stent to prevent laryngeal stenosis. But the downside of placing stents in the larynx includes the risk of granulation and infection. In this report, the authors describe a 35-year-old patient, who was diagnosed with blunt laryngeal trauma and treated by Horizontal partial laryngectomy. The patient's post-operative breathing and voice were fair, and airway stenosis did not occur afterwards.
Adult ; Cartilage ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Fractures, Cartilage ; Head ; Humans ; Laryngeal Cartilages ; Laryngectomy* ; Laryngostenosis ; Larynx ; Neck ; Respiration ; Stents ; Voice

Mucormycosis is one of the most fatal and rapidly progressive fungal infections in humans; among its many forms. rhinocerebral mucormycosis is the most common. It is known to occur as opportunistic infection in patients with uncontrolled diabetes, metabolic disorders, organ transplantation, or autoimmune disease with prolonged steroid use. Pott’s puffy tumor is the subperiosteal abscess of the frontal bone caused by trauma complication or frontal sinusitis. It is considered as a very rare complication since the dawn of antibiotic treatments. We report a case of chronic rhinocerebral mucormycosis involving Pott’s puffy tumor in a patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy after lung transplantation.

Olfaction is an important aspect of quality of life, beyond simply smelling food and recognizing danger. Recently, research has focused on its association with various diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases or viral infections. The evaluation of olfactory function must take into consideration the cultural experience of the target group. A new Korean culturefriendly olfactory function test, the YSK olfactory function test (YOF test, Kimex Co.), uses safe odorants, such as phenyl-ethyl alcohol (PEA) (not n-butanol), for the threshold test. Furthermore, odorants in the YOF identification test reflect each of eight major chemical functional groups. The diagnostic cut-off for anosmia was a Threshold Discrimination Identification (TDI) score of ≤14.5 and that for hyposmia was 14.5

OBJECTIVE: At present, gold-standard technique of cervical cord decompression is surgical decompression and fusion. But, many complications related cervical fusion have been reported. We adopted an extended anterior cervical foraminotomy (EACF) technique to decompress the anterolateral portion of cervical cord and report clinical results and effectiveness of this procedure. METHODS: Fifty-three patients were operated consecutively using EACF from 2008 to 2013. All of them were operated by a single surgeon via the unilateral approach. Twenty-two patients who exhibited radicular and/or myelopathic symptoms were enrolled in this study. All of them showed cervical cord compression in their preoperative magnetic resonance scan images. RESULTS: In surgical outcomes, 14 patients (64%) were classified as excellent and six (27%), as good. The mean difference of cervical cord anterior-posterior diameter after surgery was 0.92 mm (p<0.01) and transverse area was 9.77 mm2 (p<0.01). The dynamic radiological study showed that the average post-operative translation (retrolisthesis) was 0.36 mm and the disc height loss at the operated level was 0.81 mm. The change in the Cobb angle decreased to 3.46, and showed slight kyphosis. The average vertebral body resection rate was 11.47%. No procedure-related complications occurred. Only one patient who had two-level decompression needed anterior fusion at one level as a secondary surgery due to postoperative instability. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cord decompression was successfully performed using EACF technique. This procedure will be an alternative surgical option for treating cord compressing lesions. Long-term follow-up and a further study in larger series will be needed.
Decompression* ; Decompression, Surgical ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foraminotomy* ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Spondylosis

OBJECTIVE: Epidural venous varicosity (congestion of the epidural vein) is rarely introduced as an influential factor of clinical symptoms. However, there are several studies suggesting that epidural venous varicosity results in neurologic symptoms. We would like to highlight evidence that epidural venous varicosity results in neurologic symptoms and the relation between epidural venous varicosity and neural structure observed during the surgery. Based on our experiences, we also propose a new classification of epidural venous varicosity. METHODS: 29 patients with symptomatic lumbar stenosis received microsurgical decompression via partial hemilaminectomy. The authors retrospectively reviewed all recorded intraoperative pictures and categorized patterns of venous varicosities with relationship to neural structures. RESULTS: Type A is conditions in which epidural veins are dilated but located parallel to the nerve root on the lateral side of the nerve root and thus do not compress the nerve root. Type B is conditions in which varices are located on the anterior lateral side of the nerve root to compress the nerve root. Type C is conditions in which varices are encircled around the nerve root and compressing the nerve root. CONCLUSION: Epidural venous varicosity is observed in most lumbar stenosis patients with clinical symptoms. Of the types, the types of epidural venous varicosity compressing nerve structures were Type B and Type C. All epidural venous varicosities were removed regardless of classification during operations. Most patients showed relief in clinical symptoms after the operation. We thought to epidural venous varicosity as a factor that causes clinical symptoms of lumbar stenosis.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Decompression ; Decompression, Surgical ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Intermittent Claudication ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Radiculopathy ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; Varicose Veins ; Veins

OBJECTIVE: We have previously reported excellent early clinical results of anterior cervical microforaminotomy(ACMF) for patients who have cervical radiculopathy from either disc herniation or foraminal stenosis. ACMF is being accepted as a minimal invasive functional spinal surgery, but their long-term outcome is unknown. The goal of this study is to evaluate the midterm clinical and radiological results of ACMF. METHODS: We had undertaken a questionnaire survey and retrospective analysis of 42 patients with cervical radiculopathy who had undergone ACMF from 1998 to 2001. Clinical data from 33 patients(one-level operation in 20 patients, two-level in 13 patients) and radiological data from 21 patients were analysed. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients answered for the questionnaires. Mean follow-up was 48 months(ranged from 26 to 64 months). The surgical outcome was excellent in 18 patients(54.6%) and good in 11 patients(33.3%). One patient showed poor outcome, but there was no case of recurrence, reoperation or additive surgery. Twenty-four patients(79%) satisfied with the results of their surgery. On the average, the loss of disc height was 1.02mm(18% of preoperative disc height), average increase of displacement was 0.83mm, decrease of sagittal plane angulation was 2.03 degrees. All the patients maintained stability during follow-up period. CONCLUSION: In the midterm, ACMF appears to be safe and effective method for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. To prevent disc height loss and retrolisthesis, skilled disc-preserving technique of ACMF is required and modified technique preserving anterior part of uncovertebral joint may be advantageous.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Joints ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Radiculopathy ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies

The authors present a case of malignant cystic meningioma in the left frontal convexity. The patient was 80-year-old male and presented with personality change and walking difficulty. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance image demonstrated a round mass attached to the left frontal convexity dura. Intratumoral and peritumoral cystic lesions were also seen. Total removal of tumor was performed and the histological dia-gnosis was anaplastic meningioma.
Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Meningioma* ; Walking

The authors report a case of syringo-pleural shunt for recurrent distal obstruction of syringosubarachnoid shunt in a 23-year-old woman. She complained of tingling sensation and dysesthesia on the left upper extremity. Neuroradiologic imaging studies revealed syringomyelia in the left lateral side of the cord from medulla to 7th thoracic cord level. We identified intraoperatively high internal pressure of the syrinx cavity due to distal shunt tube obstruction. Syringo-pleural shunt was performed and cavity size was markedly decreased at later follow up MRI. In conclusion, the posttraumatic syrinx, especially in cases with previous syringosubarachnoid shunt or diffuse subarachnoid scarring, can be successfully managed with syringo-pleural shunt.
Cicatrix ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paresthesia ; Sensation ; Syringomyelia* ; Upper Extremity ; Young Adult