No abstract available.
Ischemia* ; Lower Extremity*

No abstract available.
Drinking*

Recently the internal rigid fixation with plates and screws became popular procedure. In the cases of the zygomatic fracture, it is sufficient to fix more than 2 point in many studies. Therefore, the internal rigid fixation requires the aggressive incision to expose the zygoma, such as coronal incision. Since many patients are afraid of this aggressive operation, we have provided a simple and effective method which is a 3-dimensional one point fixation on the zygomaticofrontal suture with X-shaped(6-hole) miniplate for the treatment of zygomatic fractures. From March 1995 to september 1995, we treated 13 cases of zygomatic fractures by open reduction and X-shaped miniplate fixation on the zygomaticofrontal suture. The results were as follows: 1) plane to plane contact on each side of the fracture with one point X-shaped miniplate. 2) 91.8% correction on Water's views, and 93.3% correction on zygomatic arch view with one point fixation. 3) patients were satisfied with these procedures because of minimal incision, mild edema and low operation price (short operation & anesthetic time, one plate & 6 screws cost).
Edema ; Humans ; Sutures ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures*

Multicystic dysplastic kidney is the most frequent cause of abdominal mass in the neonate, but its presentation is variable depending on the size of cystic kidney, state of the opposite kidney and associated anomalies. multicystic dysplastic kidney also represents a spectrum of pathology from unilateral multicystic kidney through segmental and focal multicystic dysplasia to bilateral multicystic kidney. Herein we report 5 cases of MCK with different presentation and histology, a bilateral MCK associated with horseshoe kidney, a large MCK with uremia, a focal segmental MCK with contralateral UPJ obstruction, a small focal segmental MCK with contralateral megaureter and a small MCK detected by ultrasonogram for localization of impalpable testis.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney* ; Pathology ; Testis ; Ultrasonography ; Uremia

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Myocardium*

No abstract available.
Abruptio Placentae* ; Female ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Lymphangioma, Cystic* ; Turner Syndrome* ; Ultrasonography*

Generally fabrication of neovascularized bone flap are produced by snadwiching vessels between bone segment with the optimal size and shape for the recipient sites. When these flaps are transferred to the recipient site, they are again isolated from the surrounding soft tissues, resulting not only decrease in the blood flow to bone segments by sacrifices of peripheral blood circulation due to elevation of flap, but also possible changes of shape of osseous flap by bone resorption. To overcome these disadvantage, it may be considerable to block bone segment off from the surrounding soft tissue. Purpose of this study are observed time-dependent changes of blood flow, vascularity and histologic finding of bone flaps using the autogenous bone and local vessel implantation. The results are compared with bone flap which had not been blocked off from surrounding soft tissues. Neovascularized bone flap were fabricated in 90 Sprague-Dawley rats using autogenous iliac bone and superficial inferior epigastric vessels. The experimental flaps were wrapped with silastic sheets to block neovascularization from surrounding soft tissues, and the control flaps were left unwrapped. The degree of bone formation, vascularity and blood flow were then assessed at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after flap fabrication, using a histological examination, microangiogram, corrosion cast study and radioactive microspheres. When fabricating a neovascularized bone flap using the autogenous iliac bone and the superficial inferior epigastric vessels, the physico-histological organization, vascularity and blood flow of neovascularized flaps were same or superior for wrapped than for unwrapped bone segments until the 4th week after grafting. This means that the period of neovascularization can be lengthened by the 4th weeks in the fabrication of bone segments, which can be blocked off from surrounding soft tissues. For these reasons, blocked bone flap fabrication can be considered to be superior to the conventional method.
Blood Circulation ; Bone Resorption ; Corrosion ; Microspheres ; Osteogenesis ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transplants

Although rapid diagnosis of human babesiosis usually can be made by microscopic examination of thin and thick blood smears, differentiation between Babesia microti and Plasmodium falciparum can be quite difficult. The parasite is often not visualized in the early course of infection or in a partially treated case and the young trophozoites of these two organisms are similar. Recently, we experienced a case, which was thought as human babesiosis initially by microscopic examination of the Giemsa-stained thin blood smears, but was finally diagno-sed as P. falcifarum infection by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay and polymerase chain reaction. The patient was treated successfully with quinine and clindamycin, which are effective in both infections. When differential diagnosis is difficult, we suggest combination therapy of quinine and clindamycin as an empirical regimen.
Animals ; Babesia microti ; Babesiosis ; Clindamycin* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Parasites ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Quinine* ; Trophozoites

According to the central limit theorem, the means of a random sample of size, n, from a population with mean, µ, and variance, σ², distribute normally with mean, µ, and variance, σ²/n. Using the central limit theorem, a variety of parametric tests have been developed under assumptions about the parameters that determine the population probability distribution. Compared to non-parametric tests, which do not require any assumptions about the population probability distribution, parametric tests produce more accurate and precise estimates with higher statistical powers. However, many medical researchers use parametric tests to present their data without knowledge of the contribution of the central limit theorem to the development of such tests. Thus, this review presents the basic concepts of the central limit theorem and its role in binomial distributions and the Student's t-test, and provides an example of the sampling distributions of small populations. A proof of the central limit theorem is also described with the mathematical concepts required for its near-complete understanding.
Mathematical Concepts ; Normal Distribution ; Statistical Distributions