No abstract available.
Female ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: In order to elucidate the actual mechanism and the optimal concentration of Lamotrigine(LTG) that suppresses epileptiform discharges, we observed epileptiform discharges from hippocampal slices of immature rat in 4-aminopyridine(4-AP) added Mg2+ - free medium of artificial cerebrospinal fluid(aCSF) with various LTG concentrations. METHODS: We divided 19-23 day-old Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups; control group(n=12) and 3 LTG groups depending on the concentrations of LTG such as 400 (n=9), 800(n=7), and 1,000(n=8) microM. The rats were anesthetized and their brains were taken, soaked in aCSF(NaCl 125 mM, KCl 2.5 mM, NaH2PO4 2 mM, MgSO4 1.25 mM NaHCO3 25 mM, CaCl2 2 mM, Glucose 10 mM, pH 7.3-7.4). And then the brains were cut into 400 microm hippocampal slices by a vibratome. The slices of control group were soaked in 200 microM 4-AP added Mg2+ -free medium of aCSF for 1 hour, and then extracellular recordings were performed in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal region. The slices of LTG groups were soaked in the solution containing 400, 800, and 1,000 microM LTG, then extracellular recordings were performed. RESULTS: Interictal discharges were observed in all the control and the LTG groups. The latency to the first interictal discharges after 4-AP addition was 52.7+/-26.9 sec in control group, but was 225.0+/-28.2 sec in 800 microM and 322.1+/-116.4 sec in 1,000 microM group of LTG(P<0.05). The duration of interictal discharges was 64.6+/-35.6 sec in control group, but was the shortest in 800 microM group of LTG at 39.3+/-12.6 sec. Ictal discharges were observed in all of control and 400 microM group, but the frequency was decreased as the concentration of LTG increases, 57.1% in 800 microM, 12.5% in 1,000 microM group. The latency to ictal discharge after 4-AP addition was 142.1+/-52.6 sec in control group, but increased as the concentration of LTG increases, 304.4+/-84.5 sec in 400 microM group and 689.8+/-213.1 sec in 800 microM group(P<0.05). The duration of ictal discharges was 1,534.7/-339.3 sec in control group, but decreased as the concentration of LTG increases, it was 126.5+/-76.1 sec in 800 microM group(P <0.05) and 42 sec in 1,000 microM group. CONCLUSION: The antiepileptic effects of LTG were most significant when the concentration, inhibiting epileptiform discharges induced by 4-AP and Mg2+ -free medium in hippocampal slices of immature rats, was 800 microM or higher. Although the basic pharmacologic mechanism of LTG is the inhibition of sodium channel, it may also work on potassium channel at higher concentrations.
4-Aminopyridine* ; Animals ; Brain ; Glucose ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Potassium Channels ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Channels

No abstract available.
Gallstones* ; Lithotripsy* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Gallbladder* ; Lithotripsy*

No abstract available.
Sperm-Ovum Interactions* ; Spermatozoa*

Nail-patella-elbow syndrome is a relatively rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by nail and skeletal defects, especially of the patella. The principal manifestations include hypoplastic or absent patellae, dysplastic finger-nails, dislocated radial heads with limited elbow motion, and often iliac horns. A less common but not infrequent manifestations are hereditary nephropathy and hyperpigmentation of the pupillary margin of the iris ("Lester iris"). A 17-year-old man was presented with abnormalities of both the 1st and 2nd finger-nails since birth. He had triangular lunulae and hypoplastic nail plates. Two months ago, the diagnosis of subluxation of both elbow joints was made as limitation of motion and radiologic findings of both knee joints revealed hypoplastic patellae. Routine laboratory studies were all within normal limits. The patient's father had triangular lunulae and hypoplastic nail plates on both 1st finger-nails. We report a case of nail -patella syndrome with the review of literature.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Diagnosis ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow* ; Fathers ; Head ; Horns ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Iris ; Knee Joint ; Parturition ; Patella*

BACKGROUND: In both normal tissue development and malignant cell growth, the maintenance of cell numbers reflects a balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Excessive growth may result from uncontrolled cellular proliferation or limited cell death. The growth process of squa mous cell carcinorna(SCC) has recently been reported to differ from that of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Several reports have suggested that the normal-appearing, overlying epidermis might be a proliferative and be a precursor lesion of BCC. SCCs occur in burn scars, chronic ulcers, and chronic sinus but the najority of SCCs are actinic in origin. It is possible to develop subsequent. skin cancer from the normal-appearing epidermis adjacent to SCC due to chronic sun-exposure. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate growth dynamics of non-melanorna skin cancers and characteristics, including the carcinogenic property, of the normal appearing epidermis overlying and acljacent to non rnelanoma skin cancers. METHODS: We compared expressions for p53, PCNA, bcl 2, and TGF-alpha in 21 BCCs and 8 SCCs by irnmunohistochi.mical staining with a labelled strept,avidin biotin complex(LSAB) method. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1) Expressions for p53 and PCNA within the tumor remarkably increased and the distribution pattern of expression for p53 was not always consistent with that for PCNA. 2) An expression the bcl-2 was increased in half of the BCCs, but not in all of the SCCs. 3) The epidermis overlying the BCC showed increased expressions for p53, PCNA, and TGF-alpha. 4) The epidermis adjacent to the SCC showed increased expressions for p53, and PCNA in a few of cases. CONCLUSION: We suggest that a neoplastic transformatiqn in BCC is caused by extended cell survival rather than increased cell proliferation, but in SCC it is caused by other mechanisms, and that the proliferativ activity in the epiderrnis overlying BCC is different from the normal epidermis and maybe repr'sents carcinogenic activity of the epidermis.
Actins ; Biotin ; Burns ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Cell Count ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Cicatrix ; Epidermis* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Skin Neoplasms* ; Skin* ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Ulcer

Dopamine, a sympathomimetic agent, is one of the drugs used to improve cardiac output and blood pressure in advanced cardiac life-support in the context of conditions such as shock and heart failure. It is available only for intravenous use. We report a case of dopamine gangrene which has never been reported in Korean medical literature. Four gangrenous lesions developed in both forearms and the left leg of a 72-year-old man during a 7-day infusion of dopamine 3 microgram per kg per minute as treatment for septic shock, which corresponded to the injection sites. The gangrenous lesions healed up spontaneously leaving scars after administration of dopamine was discontinued.
Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Cicatrix ; Dopamine* ; Forearm ; Gangrene* ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Leg ; Shock ; Shock, Septic

No abstract available.
Metacarpophalangeal Joint* ; Palmar Plate*