For the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection, endoscopic biopsy related tests auch as urease test, culture, and histology with special staining of bacteria are most widely used standard methods and most accurate. (continue...)
Bacteria ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Diagnosis* ; Gastritis* ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Prevalence ; Urease

Various neurotransmitters have been proposed as possible mediators of penile erection. Especially, norepinephrine and serotonin might have a important role in sexual arousal and penile erection. And it could be hypothesized that the psychogenic impotence is associated with the depletion or imbalance of norepinephrine and serotonin from evidences such as the symptomatic manifestation of depression and the antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. The authors investigates the association of norepienphrine and serotonin with psychogenic impotence. The psychogenic impotent group(PIG) consisted of twenty-three patients with psychogenic impotence and the controlled group(CG) consisted of twenty-seven patients without psychogenic impotence. PIG had no organic cause accounting for their erectile dysfunction. The Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) were applied to each subject to assess mood, state anxiety(SA) and trait anxiety(TA). Plasma norepinephrine level from systemic blood and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(HIAA) levels from 24-hours urine were measured in each subject. The mean score of BDI of PIG was significantly higher than that of CG(p=0.015). PIG had a tendency of higher TA compared with CG(p=0.054). And also SA was higher in PIG, bud did not show significant difference(p=0.193). The level of norepinephrine was significantly lower in patient with psychogenic impotence(p=0.000). And the level of 24-hours urine 5-HIAA was lower in PIG but did not show significant difference(p=0.494). Although the authors did not exclude depressive disorders in PIG, the present findings suggest that psychogenic impotence might have higher depressive mood and trait anxiety, and be associated with the depletion of norepinephrine in systemic blood.
Anxiety ; Arousal ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine* ; Penile Erection ; Plasma ; Serotonin*

No abstract available.
Muscle, Smooth* ; Relaxation*

The phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil are widely used as first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED). Since the approval of sildenafil in 1998, more than 40 million men worldwide have been successfully treated with PDE5-Is. Pharmacologically, the proven safety and high tolerance of PDE5-Is is an attractive tool to investigate further physiological functions of PDE5, for example the modulation of intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) pools. As cGMP is a key component of intracellular signaling this may provide novel therapeutic opportunities beyond ED even for indications in which chronic administration is necessary. The approval of sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in 2005 was a notable success in this area of research. A number of other potential new indications are currently in various phases of preclinical research and development. In recent years, extensive but very heterogeneous information has been published in this field. The aim of this review is to summarize existing preclinical and clinical knowledge and critically discuss the evidence to support potential future indications for PDE5 inhibitors.
Carbolines ; Cyclic GMP ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Imidazoles ; Male ; Piperazines ; Purines ; Sulfones ; Triazines ; Sildenafil Citrate ; Tadalafil ; Vardenafil Dihydrochloride

Androgen deficiency in aging male has become a topic of increasing interest and debate throughout the world. The past decade has brought evidence that androgen treatment of hypogonadal men has benefits for multiple target organs. It is recognized that significant alterations in many endocrine systems occur in association with aging, but the significance of these changes is not well understood. In addition to its role in specific organ systems, testosterone has been found to play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction. Based on data from the last 20 years, the syndrome previously called PADAM(partial androgen deficiency in aging male) is now referred to as LOH(late-onset hypogonadism), as recommended by the ISA(International Society of Andrology) at the 4th ISSAM Congress in 2004. LOH is a clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with advancing age and characterized by a set of typical symptoms accompanied by a deficiency in serum testosterone. Diagnostic tools for LOH, long-term data on the effects of testosterone replacement in aging men, and specific risk data for the prostate and cardiovascular systems are still limited. However, we have seen the recent development of a more effective and safe formulation of testosterone, e.g., Testogel 1% and a long-acting testosterone undecanoate injectable. Until better methods for caring LOH are refined, the urologists should be alert and stay current with the updates from the academic societies.
Aging ; Cardiovascular System ; Endocrine System ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Male* ; Prostate ; Testosterone

Three-dimensional solid model has not been widely used in surgical prediction of orthognathic surgery because freque from occlusal restorations or prosthesis limited the usefulness of simulated surgery involving occlusion. We prepared three-dimensional(3D) solid model from CT data and integrated the 3D solid model with dental cast using a face-bow transfer technique combined with skeletal reference measurement and confirmation with cephalometric radiographs. With this simple and easy method, it was possible to predict bony interference between the proximal and distal segment of the mandible so that we can prevent condylar displacement after sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible with prominent asymmetry. The method error was within 2mm and it seemed to be useful in preoperative planning for maxillofacial surgery with maxillo-mandibular occlusal change
Mandible* ; Orthognathic Surgery* ; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus ; Prostheses and Implants ; Surgery, Oral

PURPOSE: Intracavernous injection of prostaglandin (PG) E1 or papaverine (PA) is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction. Because these drugs are sometimes associated with insufficient erection in and side effects such as priapism, corporal fibrosis, and pain, there has been increasing interest in finding effective and safe alternatives. Recent studies demonstrated that pinacidil (PI) relaxes the smooth muscle. This study was performed to examine the efficacy of PI as an alternative or supplement to drugs such as PG, PA, or phentolamine (PT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 28 adult male cats, the maximal intracavernous pressure (ICPmax), time to ICPmax (T1/2) and duration of increased ICP (time) in response to intracavernous injection of PG, PA, or mixture of vasoactive drugs (PA + PT, PA + PG + PT) were compared with the responses to mixtures containing PI (PI + PA, PI + PA + PT,
Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; Diagnosis ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Papaverine ; Penile Erection ; Penis ; Phentolamine ; Pinacidil* ; Potassium Channels ; Priapism

It is accepted by urologists that transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) is a golden standard in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia( BPH). TURP is a safe procedure with low mortality rate but the rare, severe morbidity made the need for nonoperative treatment for BPH. Recently, non-invasive transurethral microwave hyperthermia has been applied as an alternative treatment of TURP. As a part of ongoing effort to evaluate the effect of transurethral microwave hyperthermia for BPH, we compared the outcomes of TURP with transurethral thermal therapy(TUTT). In 34 patients treated with TURP, the preoperative peak urine flow rate was 6.61ml/sec, but has changed to 14.33 and 14.64ml/sec at postoperative 4weeks and 6months respectively. The Boyarsky symptom score was 13.7 preoperatively, but has changed to 4.43 and 4.66 at postoperative 4weeks and 6months respectively Amount of residual urine was 91.35cc preoperatively. but has decreased to 40.7 and 40.32cc at postoperative 4weeks and 6months respectively. In 35 patients treated with TUTT. the preoperative peak urine flow rate was 9.24ml/sec, but has increased to 11.83 and 12.39ml/sec at postoperative 4weeks and 6months respectively. The preoperative Boyarsky symptom score of 12.9 has decreased to 8.58 and 8.97 at postoperative 4weeks and 6months respectively. The preoperative amount of residual urine was 52.45cc, but has changed to 44.74 and 35.2cc at postoperative 4weeks and 6months respectively. When comparing the parameters between two groups, the improvement of peak urine flow rate was greater in TURP than in TUTT group at postoperative 6months(p<0.01). The decreases of symptom score and amount of residual urine also were greater in TURP than in TUTT group, but not significantly different. In both group, no noticeable complications were encountered. These findings suggest that TURP is more effective than TUTT in the treatment of symptomatic BPH. But our data also raise the possibility that TUTT represents a safe outpatient approach to treatment of BPH, particularly for patients not considered to be candidates for conventional surgical treatments of BPH.
Fever ; Humans ; Microwaves ; Mortality ; Outpatients ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Palatine Tonsil* ; Tongue*

No abstract available.