No abstract available.
Female ; Female* ; Genitalia, Female* ; Humans ; Incidence*

Objective: Recently, there are clinical reports of Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA) after COVID-19 vaccinations. Yet, radiological description and treatment response has not been delineated. The purpose of this study is to report clinical aspects of eight cases of SIRVA after COVID-19 vaccinations and to describe MRI characteristics in five of these patients. Method: We retrospectively identified and investigated eight patients who presented with shoulder pain and global range of motion limitation following COVID-19 vaccination between January 1 st , 2022 and March 31 st , 2022. Results: The mean age of the eight patients (five women and three men) was 56. 0 ± 5.0 years (range, 48∼63 years). Symptoms of shoulder pain and stiffness began on the day of injection in four patients, within 24 hours in two patients, and more than three days in two patients. Initial shoulder range of motion was restricted in forward elevation, abduction, and internal rotation. Three patients who received glenohumeral intra-articular injection showed improvement of NRS scores and shoulder range of motion. Five patients’ MRI were featured with hyperintense axillary capsule, axillary capsular thickness thicker than 4 mm (6.1 ± 0.4 mm, range 5.7∼6.8 mm) and rotator interval fat obliteration. Conclusion Adhesive capsulitis after COVID-19 vaccine resembles idiopathic adhesive capsulitis both clinically and radiologically. Although the exact pathogenesis regarding adhesive capsulitis after COVID-19 vaccinations remains ambiguous, immune-mediated inflammatory reaction after vaccination can cause adhesive capsulitis. Appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment including intra-articular steroid injection is effective.Physicians should be mindful of this diagnosis so that such patients can be diagnosed promptly and treated properly.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary embolism (PE) remain significant causes of morbidity, mortality in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Since incidence of DVT after SCI in Korean population has not been much studied, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 185 SCI patients admitted for acute rehabilitation unit to investigate the incidence of DVT. Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed to screen for the occurrence of DVT at the time of initial presentation to acute rehabilitation unit. Primary study outcome was the incidence of DVT. Possible risk factors for DVT including the epidemiologic characteristics, completeness of motor paralysis, cause of injury, spasticity, surgery, and active cancer were analyzed. The incidence of DVT after SCI was 27.6%. In multiple logistic regression analysis, absence of spasticity was a significant independent risk factor (P<0.05) for occurrence of DVT. Symptomatic pulmonary embolism was evident in 7 patients without an episode of sudden death. Therefore, it is concluded that the incidence of DVT after SCI in Korean patients is comparable with that in Western populations. This result suggests that pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis should be considered in Korean patients with SCI.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paralysis/etiology ; Pulmonary Embolism/epidemiology/etiology ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*complications ; Venous Thrombosis/*epidemiology/etiology/ultrasonography ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a common systemic inflammatory disease of the elderly; however, the clinical characteristics and therapeutic response of PMR in Korea have been rarely studied. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 54 Korean patients diagnosed with PMR between January 2009 and February 2017 in a locomotive pain clinic of one tertiary referral hospital. We analyzed epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, therapeutic responses, and prognostic factors for remission-failure at one-year after oral prednisolone treatment. RESULTS: In 54 patients with PMR, 32 (59.3%) were female. The average age at diagnosis was 65.0 ± 10.5 years. Duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 8.1 ± 8.6 months. All patients had shoulder pain (54 patients, 100.0%); 49 patients (90.7%) had hip girdle pain, while 19 patients (35.2%) had peripheral joint pain. Four patients (7.4%) were accompanied by the giant cell arteritis (GCA). There was no seasonal preference for symptom development. Only 19 patients were diagnosed with PMR at initial symptom presentation. At one-year follow-up after oral prednisolone treatment, the remission rate was 35.3% (12/34). Multivariate analysis showed that history of relapse (odds ratio, 6.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.035–44.804) was a significant predictor of remission-failure. CONCLUSION: The rate of remission (35.3%) after oral prednisolone treatment was similar to previous reports in western countries; and GCA is not a rare condition in Korean PMR patients. Misdiagnosis of PMR is common, and heightened consideration for PMR is needed in elderly patients who present inflammatory features of bilateral shoulder pain.
Aged ; Arthralgia ; Cohort Studies* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Arteritis ; Hip ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pain Clinics* ; Polymyalgia Rheumatica* ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence ; Seasons ; Shoulder Pain ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Treatment Outcome

Background: and Purpose Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) progresses over time and is associated with locomotive dysfunction. Understanding the factors affecting disease severity and locomotive function is important in HSP. This study investigated the factors influencing disease severity and ambulation status of HSP. Methods: We consecutively enrolled 109 Korean patients (64 males, and 45 females)from 84 families with a clinical diagnosis of HSP. HSP was primarily diagnosed based on clinical criteria including clinical findings, family history, and supported by genetic studies. Epidemiological and clinical features of the patients were analyzed, and the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS) score and ambulatory status were used to evaluate disease severity. Results: Ninety-two (84.4%) patients had pure HSP, and 55 (50.4%) had a dominant family history. Thirty-one (28.4%) patients required a mobility aid for locomotion. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that HSP patients lost their independent gait ability after a median disease duration of 34 years. Those with an age at onset of ≤18 years had a longer median independent walking time. Pure HSP is characterized by predominant bilateral lower extremity weakness and spasticity, whereas complicated HSP presents more complex neurological findings such as ocular and bulbar symptoms, ataxia, and cognitive impairment. Complicated HSP was significantly correlated with the SPRS mobility score (β=3.70, 95% confidence interval=0.45–6.94). The age at onset and disease duration were significantly correlated with disease severity, and they were significant predictors of the use of a mobility aid (p<0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that a later age at onset and longer disease duration are significant factors affecting the disease severity and ambulatory function in patients with HSP. These findings can help clinicians to identify subjects at risk of locomotive impairment.

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a rare fibrosing disorder of the skin and joints that occurs in patients with advanced renal insufficiency. This condition is progressive and can be seriously disabling. Gadolinium based contrast agent (GBCA) has been identified as a potential cause of this condition. A 56-years-old man in hemodialysis developed stiffness and contracture of the whole limbs eight years after frequent GBCA exposure for cervical magnetic resonance imaging. For the first time in Korea, we report late-onset nephrogenic systemic fibrosis after GBCA exposure and performed an electrophysiologic study of this condition.
Contracture ; Extremities ; Gadolinium ; Humans ; Joints ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Skin

PURPOSE: Recently, many aspects of biological functions of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), CDK inhibitors and Rb gene have been reported, and the cell cycle control genes are considered to act important roles in tumorigenesis. In this study, the expression patterns of major cell cycle control genes (cyclin A, B, C, Dl, E, E2F, p16INK4a, p21WAF1 and Rb) in various human cervical cancer cells were analysed to elucidate the impacts of the cell cycle control genes on the carcinogenesis of human cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression patterns of major cell cycle control genes in HT-3, C33-A, HeLa, C4-II, SiHa and CaSki human uterine cervical cancer cells were analysed by using western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: In most of the cervical cancer cells tested, the overexpressions of cyclin A, E, E2F and markedly decreased expression of Rb tumor suppressor proteins were observed. By comparing RNA and protein expressions in each cancer cells, the mechanisms of increased expressions of cyclin A, E and decreased expression of Rb were elucidated as post-translational controls. CONCLUSION: The cervical carcinogenesis caused by the altered expressions of the major cell cycle control genes can be hypothesized as follows: overexpressions of cyclin E and A cause acceleration of Rb phosphorylations and E2F overexpression; increased E2F function accelerates G1/S transition of the cells; compensatory increase of p16 expression cannot stop the cells in Gl phase because Rb expression is severely decreased; consequently, loss of Rb function, 61 shortening, inappropriate cell division and decreased function of the maintenance of genomic stability occur. In addition to these alterations, loss of p53 functions further accelerate instability of genome and decrease the sus- ceptability to cell death. Furthermore, overexpression of Bc12 protects these abnormal cells from apoptosis. All these derangements of cell cycle control should contribute to the human cervical carcinogenesis.
Acceleration ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints* ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Death ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin A ; Cyclin E ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; Cyclins ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genome ; Genomic Instability ; Humans* ; Phosphorylation ; RNA ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Spinal accessory neuropathy (SAN) is commonly caused by an iatrogenic procedure, and that caused by tumors is very rare. We present a case of a 49-year-old man suffering from weakness in the right trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle. An electrophysiology study confirmed proximal SAN. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) revealed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma compressing the right spinal accessory nerve. Ultrasonography showed definite atrophy on the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. In addition, post-chemotherapy FDG-PET/CT showed increased FDG uptake in the right upper trapezius, suggestive of denervation. This is the first report of SAN caused by direct compression by a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, comprehensively assessed by an electrophysiology study, ultrasonography, and FDG-PET/CT.
Accessory Nerve ; Atrophy ; B-Lymphocytes ; Denervation ; Electrophysiology ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Ultrasonography

Plantar heel pain is a common clinical problem in foot and ankle clinics. Typically, several conditions such as plantar fasciitis, fat pad atrophy, and calcaneal fracture may lead to plantar heel pain. However, subcalcaneal bursitis occurred between plantar fascia and plantar fat pad has rarely been described as a cause of plantar heel pain. To our knowledge, subcalcaneal bursitis has been reported only once, but there was no mention of preceding factors. We firstly present a case of subcalcaneal bursitis occurred after excessive walking exercise known as “Nordic walking” and successfully managed with conservative treatments that relieve impact on plantar heel.
Adipose Tissue ; Ankle ; Atrophy ; Bursitis ; Fascia ; Fasciitis, Plantar ; Foot ; Heel ; Walking

Lateral epicondylopathy represents pain in the lateral (radial aspect) of the elbow caused by degeneration in the common extensor tendon. Calcium deposit frequently developes in lateral epicondylopathy, with the prevalence up to 46%. There are considerable debates on its treatment protocols for lateral epicondylopathy so far, likewise, the effective treatment method for calcific lateral epicondylopathy has not been established. We report here a case of chronic intractable calcific lateral epicondylopathy treated with ultrasound-guided barbotage and focused type extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT). To our knowledge, this is the first report of calcific lateral epicondylopathy treated by ultrasound-guided barbotage combined with ESWT.
Calcium ; Clinical Protocols ; Elbow ; Methods ; Prevalence ; Shock ; Tendons ; Therapeutic Irrigation