Dukes' stage of colorectal carcinoma has proven to be the most reliable and conventional prognostic indicator, followed by histological grade, lymph node metastases, tumor size, vascular and neural invasion. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraciion (SPF) was examined to elucidate the correlations between sex, age, preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) value, Dukes' stage, tumor site, size, gross features, histologic grade, and survival rate in 117 paraffin-embedded tissues of 68 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma in Dukes' stage and 39 cases of colorectal adenoma and 10 cases of normal colonic mucosa. DNA aneuploidy was detected in 30 cases(44%) in adenocarcinomas and 6 cases (15%) in adenomas. Although the DNA ploidy and SPF did not show any correlation with sex, age, preoperative serum CEA level, Dukes' stage, tumor size, site and gross features, the incidence of DNA aneuploidy in the moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than that of the well differentiated adenocarcinomas (p=0.0127) An apparent correlation was found between survival rate and DNA ploidy, Dukes' stage, histologic grade and preoperative serum CEA value. Dukes' stage was the most reliable prognostic indicator (p=0.0106), followed by histologic grade (p=0.0230), DNA aneuploidy (p=0.0251) and preoperative serum CEA level. (p=0.0369) In the patients with Dukes' stage C, DNA aneuploidy was more important than histologic grade as a prognostic indicator (p=0.0202). Although high SPF, greater than 21% in adenocarcinoma, was associated with the lower 5-year survival rate (12.0%), it was not statistically significant. These results suggest that DNA aneuploidy is regarded as biologic aggressiveness and considered as independent and/or dependent prognostic indicator along with Dukes' stage. However, prognostic utility of the SPF was not significant.
Incidence ; Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma

When.direct approximation of the ends of the injured nerves is impossible, nerve autografting is widely used in these days. Authors tried to observe nerve regeneration in time sequence of nerve autografting and tried to find out the most optimal time for nerve autografting in experimental study. The Sprague-Dawley mice were used in performing nerve autografting and it performed with the segment of the opposite sciatic nerve as a donor nerve after resection of a sciatic nerve. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The regeneration of axon can be observed well in the first observation of 2 weeks after nerve autografting within 2 days, but active myelination can be observed apparently 4 weeks after grafting. 2. The groups of grafting within 2 days after nerve resection showed more rapid nerve regeneration and less atrophy of the reinnervated skeletal muscle than the groups of grafting over 1 week after nerve resection did. 3. In case which has been grafted at 4 weeks after nerve resection, there was abundant axonal proliferation at 4 weeks after grafting. 4. Changes of the reinnervated skeletal muscle in the groups of grafting within 2 days were subtle, but the groups of grafting after 1 week showed irregular neurogenic atrophy although nerve regeneration has been active at 8 weeks after grafting. 5. Although the functional effect can not be evaluated exactly, the result of autograft showed relatively good evidence of nerve regeneration even after grafting has been performed 16 weeks after the nerve injury.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Autografts ; Axons ; Humans ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Myelin Sheath ; Nerve Regeneration ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Sciatic Nerve ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplants

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare, locally aggressive tumor and occurs exclusively in the pelvic and perineal regions of women. But this tumor can occur in men, and the ratio of man to woman is about 1:6. We report a case of aggressive angiomyxoma of the scrotum in a 75-year-old man. The resected mass measured 23 21 10 cm and weighed 1,150 g, and was covered with thick but intact scrotal skin. The cut surface of the mass showed pale yellow to grayish white loose and edematous fibrous tissue with focal cystic degeneration. Microscopically, the mass was composed of loosely arranged bland-looking spindle or stellate cells and variable sized blood vessels with thickened and hyalinized wall. The spindle cells were strong positive for vimentin, focal, weak positive for desmin and smooth muscle actin but negative for S-100 protein. The spindle cells were also positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors.
Actins ; Aged ; Blood Vessels ; Desmin ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myxoma* ; Receptors, Progesterone ; S100 Proteins ; Scrotum* ; Skin ; Vimentin

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans ; Twins* ; Umbilical Cord*

OBJECTIVE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly implicated as a causative agent in the etiology of cervical cancer. Of its gene products, E6 and E7 oncoproteins play major roles by inactivation of cellular p53 and pRb tumor suppressor proteins, respectively. However, it has been recently suggested that p53 and/or pRb-independent functions of E6 and E7 are involved in cervical carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study is to identify novel a cellular target, p73, of E6 and to determine how E6 inactivates p73 function, METHODS: The interaction between E6 and p73 were identified by the yeast two-hybrid assay in vivo and the GST pull-down assay in vitro. The function of the interaction was determined by transient transfections using p21 promoter-CAT reporter plasmid. The molecular mechanism underlying the functional significance of the interaction was further assessed by in vivo and in vitro protein degradation assays, and gel mobility shift assays. RESULTS: Yeast two-hybrid and GST pull-down assays indicate a physical interaction between p73 and either HPV-16 or HPV-11 E6 proteins in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Transactivation domain (amino acid residues 1-49) is found to be absolutely required for this interaction. Transient co-expression of E6 significantly inhibits the p73-mediated activation of p21WAF1 promoter in a p53-defective C33A cell line. Using Ga14-p73 fusion protein, we demonstrate that E6 inhibition of p73 transactivation function is independent of sequence-specific DNA binding, which is confirmed by direct electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Moreover, E6 inhibits p73 function by interfering with the activity of the amino-terminal activation domain. The protein degradation assays in vivo and in vitro indicate that p73, unlike p53, is not susceptible to E6-dependent proteolysis. CONCLUSION: Throughout this study, we identified p73 as a novel cellular target of HPV-E6 protein and found that E6 binds p73 through the amino-terminal transactivation domain, and inhibits its transactivation function independent of the protein degradation and DNA binding. These overall results, consequently, suggest that in addition to the inactivation of p53, the functional interference of p73 by HPV-E6 may, at least in part, contribute to E6-mediated cellular transformation.
Carcinogenesis ; Cell Line ; DNA ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins ; Plasmids ; Proteolysis ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Yeasts

Estrogen and progesterone receptors exist in the epithelial and stromal cells of the endometrium. Proliferative disorders of the endometrium may be associated with autocrine and paracrine actions of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. This study was performed to evaluate the differences estrogen and progesterone receptor(ER/PR) expression in the epithelial and stromal cells of endometrial hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemical methods. Immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) was done to evaluate a possible correlation between PCNA and hormone receptor expression. Evaluation was based on samples from 31 simple hyperplasias, 30 complex hyperplasias, and 32 adenocarcinomas. The immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR and PCNA in epithelial and stromal cells were examined according to a scoring system based on the percentage of positive cells and the staining intensity. The results were as follows; 1) The expression of ER and PR in epithelial cells showed a graded, significant decreases in simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma, in that order(ER: P=0.008, PR: P= 0.026). 2) PR expression in the stromal cells showed a significant decrease between hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.003). The difference in ER expression was not significant. 3) In stromal cells, the decrease in PR expression was more prominent than the decrease in ER expression when complex hyperplasia was compared to simple hyperplasia. 4) The PCNA expression in simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma was not higher than the expression of PCNA in nomal proliferative endometrium. There was no significant difference in PCNA expression between simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.073). 5) A negative correlation between PCNA and ER/PR expression was not demonstrated in simple and complex hyperplasia, or in adenocarcinoma. Endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma are probably related to a paracrine action of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. A progressive loss of PR expression in stromal cells may induce abnormal proliferation of endometrium due to a disrupted hormonal balance.
Adenocarcinoma

Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare localized tumor composed of granulocytic precusor cells. Granu-locytic sarcoma occurs in a variety of clinical conditions and it is often misdiagnosed histologically. Differential diagnosis frorh lymphoma or nonhematopoietic malignancies such as undifferentiated carcinoma or sarcoma is difficult in the routing histologic examination. An evaluation of clinical and histopathologic features was done on 4 cases of granulocytic sarcoma which were diagnosed at Pusan Paik Hospital from 1988 to 1992. During the period, 282 cases of myelogenous leukemia were diagnosed. Immunohistochemical reaction for lysozyme, myelopero-xidase, leukocyte common antigen, epthelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin was assessed comparing to lymphoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. The histologic features of the granulocytic sarcoma revealed thin nuclear membrane, fine chromatin pattern and one or two small nucleoli. It also often involved the vascular wall and infiltrated the native structures without destruction. Immunohistochemical stain revealed that all(4 cases) of granulocytic sarcoma showed diffuse and strong positivity for myeloperoxidase, and partial but strong positivity for lysozyme. One case of granulocytic sarcoma was negative and 3 cases revealed focal positive reaction for LCA, and all 4 cases was negative for cytokeratin and EMA. In summary, careful observation under light microscopy with immunohistochemical stain for myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and LCA is helpful in the differential diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma from malignant lymphoma and cytokeratin and EMA is useful for differential diagnosis from undifferentiated carcinoma.
Diagnosis, Differential

Adenocarcinoma in adenomyosis is unusual and it is mostly associated with adenocarcinoma in the endometrial mucosa. In contrast, adenocarcinoma arising in adenomyosis without endometrial adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and it suggests that it arises de novo from adenomyosis. We report a case of adenocarcinoma arising in adenomyosis in 44-year-old woman. The endometrial cavity contained a polypoid lesion with atypical hyperplasia, but no evidence of adenocarcinoma in the endometrial mucosa. Simple, complex and atypical hyperplasia associated with well differentiated adenocarcinoma was also noted in the areas of adenomyosis.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma