The number of workers with noise induced hearing loss which comprise 56.9% in the total number of workers with work-related diseases in Korea of 1994, are becoming in position of the most serious problem. Periodic health examination system which was introduced for health care of workers on hazardous workplace has played important role in health care and the prevention of work-related diseases. The goal of periodic health examination may be obtained when we not only discover occupational disease, but also control them effectively. To study the post-examination health status of workers with noise induced hearing loss diagnosed from 1991 to 1994 in the periodic health examination, all 154 workers in 102 manufacturing factories in Banwol and Siwha industrial complex were reviewed. ' 1. Among 154 workers, 87 workers (56.5%) were changed to different department, 67 workers (43. 5%) remained in the same department. 2. Among 102 workplaces, only 23 workplaces (22.9%) 'had changed their working environment while 79 workplaces (77.1%) did not. 3. In this study, post-examination health care of the workers diagnosed as noise induced-hearing loss had significant correlated with the presence of health care manager, Industrial Health and Safety Committee in workplace and size of industry. The improvement of working environment is also closely related with the presence of health care manager in workplace. 4. Among 154 respondents, 3 Wkers(l. 9%) had received! compensationwhile 151; workers(98.1%) did not. 5. The reasons for not requesting the compensation were that 117 workers (77.5^) were ignorant of the administrative procedure for compensation, 30 workers (19.9%) were not sure of receiving compensation, 4 workers (2.6%) were busy. Considering the result of this study, we must establish the guide of management or contents of post management for noise induced hearing loss. To prevent the noise induced hearing loss, and protect the workers with noise induced hearing loss, education about post management is much required for employer and employee.
Compensation and Redress ; Data Collection ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Education ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing* ; Korea ; Noise* ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Health

The number of workers with noise induced hearing loss which comprise 56.9% in the total number of workers with work-related diseases in Korea of 1994, are becoming in position of the most serious problem. Periodic health examination system which was introduced for health care of workers on hazardous workplace has played important role in health care and the prevention of work-related diseases. The goal of periodic health examination may be obtained when we not only discover occupational disease, but also control them effectively. To study the post-examination health status of workers with noise induced hearing loss diagnosed from 1991 to 1994 in the periodic health examination, all 154 workers in 102 manufacturing factories in Banwol and Siwha industrial complex were reviewed. ' 1. Among 154 workers, 87 workers (56.5%) were changed to different department, 67 workers (43. 5%) remained in the same department. 2. Among 102 workplaces, only 23 workplaces (22.9%) 'had changed their working environment while 79 workplaces (77.1%) did not. 3. In this study, post-examination health care of the workers diagnosed as noise induced-hearing loss had significant correlated with the presence of health care manager, Industrial Health and Safety Committee in workplace and size of industry. The improvement of working environment is also closely related with the presence of health care manager in workplace. 4. Among 154 respondents, 3 Wkers(l. 9%) had received! compensationwhile 151; workers(98.1%) did not. 5. The reasons for not requesting the compensation were that 117 workers (77.5^) were ignorant of the administrative procedure for compensation, 30 workers (19.9%) were not sure of receiving compensation, 4 workers (2.6%) were busy. Considering the result of this study, we must establish the guide of management or contents of post management for noise induced hearing loss. To prevent the noise induced hearing loss, and protect the workers with noise induced hearing loss, education about post management is much required for employer and employee.
Compensation and Redress ; Data Collection ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Education ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing* ; Korea ; Noise* ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Health

PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency of symptoms of late onset hypogonadism(LOH) and the intention for testosterone replacement therapy in Korean males in their 40s and above. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Korean males over age 40 were given a detailed explanation of LOH and the Korean version of Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male(ADAM) questionnaire(Saint Louis University) by e-mail. Positive for ADAM was defined as answering 'yes' to Q3 or Q7 which estimate the decline of sexual desire and erectile dysfunction or answering 'yes' to more than 3 other questions. The men's intention to take testosterone replacement therapy when recommended for symptoms of LOH was also queried. RESULTS: Among 38,502 people who opened the e-mail, 15.1%(5,795) of men responded to the survey. The largest fraction of respondents was males in their 40s(60%). The ADAM questionnaire revealed 64.6% of respondents as positive for LOH. More than 50% of respondents complained of decline in erection, endurance, or sexual desire. When asked about their intention to take testosterone replacement therapy, 96% of those positive for LOH answered that they would accept the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although the response ratio was low, 96% of screened LOH men showed high interest in LOH and a positive attitude toward testosterone replacement therapy. Urologists should thoroughly investigate the symptoms of LOH in men in their 40s and above and conduct testosterone replacement therapy as indicated, in order to improve the quality of life for Korean men.
Aging ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Electronic Mail ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Intention ; Male* ; Quality of Life ; Testosterone

It has been hypothesized that jobs that have both high psychological demands and low decision latitude ('job strain") can lead to musculoskeletal disorder. The objective of this study was to test whether job strain was correlated with the presence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder, especially myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Information on demographic factors, confounders such as household load and taking care of children or not, and scores for decision latitude, job demand, and social support was obtained by self-administered questionnaire, which had been developed in Korean language, by adopting NIOSH instrument and Extended Karasek Model (16 items). All subjects were also examined by rehabilitation medicine specialists for musculoskeletal disorders. Subjects (n=370) could be categorized into 4 groups, these were, housewives(n=89), shipyard CAD workers(n=89), general female workers(n=79; nurses, insurance counselors, public officials, clerks, etc), and telephone directory assistance operators(n=113). Results from univariate analyses indicated that all demographic factors, all confounders, scores for decision latitude and social support were not associated with the risk of musculoskeletal disorder. However, score for job demand was higher in musculoskeletal disorder cases than others. In subgroup analysis, this association was convinced again, in telephone directory assistance operators. Job strain model showed that the group of telephone directory assistance operators was high-strain group, and OR of musculoskeletal disorder was 2.446 (95% C.I. : 1.174, 5.096), when comparing this with the low strain group. In conclusion, job strain is a risk factor for work-related musculoskeletal disorder.
Child ; Counseling ; Demography ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Risk Factors ; Specialization ; Telephone

The intestinal lesions were studied in dog metagonimiasis by reinfection. The metacercariae of M. yokogawai were collected from naturally infected sweetfish. A total of twenty dogs were divided into three groups; control, primary infection and reinfection groups. The 18 dogs were infected with 10,000 metacercariae; the 5 dogs in primary infection group were killed at the 5 days in 1 week, 4 weeks, 6 weeks after the infection. The remaining 13 dogs were kept for nine weeks, and challenged again with 5,000 metacercaricae. The reinfected dogs were killed at the 1 day, 3 days, 5 days and 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks respectively. The chronologic changes of the intestinal lesions in both groups, the worm recovery rate, and distribution patten were examined by gross observation, light and scanning electron microscopies. From the results, it was inferred that the so-called spontaneous and/or self cure phenomena were of negligible importance in metagonimiasis in dogs. In the chronologic observations of pathologic process in intestine, it was also suggested that the host immunity tend to recover the intestinal integrity. And early invasion of young worm to the Lieberkuhn's crypt was considered as the primary cause of lesions of vill(Abstract is summarized again.)
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; metagonimiasis ; dog ; histology ; pathology ; electron microscopy ; intestine

The urogenital tract manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) include the entire array of voiding symptoms; infections, neurogenic bladder problems, impotence, infertility, neoplasma and AIDS associated renal syndromes. Tuberculosis occurs in approximately 4% of patients with AIDS, and involves at least one extrapulmonary site in nearly 50% of cases. However, tuberculous infection of the testicle in AIDS is rarely seen. Herein, we report a case of tuberculosis epididymoorchitis, which developed as a result of reactivation in an AIDS patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of AIDS presenting as tuberculous epididymoorchitis in Korea.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome* ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Infertility ; Korea ; Male ; Testis ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic

PURPOSE: The Female Sexual Distress Scale(FSDS) was developed to measure sexually-related personal distress in women. We performed this study to assess the reliability and validity of FSDS-Korean version in Korean women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The original 20-item FSDS was translated into Korean. One-hundred four healthy, married women were recruited and given the survey. A second survey was done two weeks later for test-retest reliability. Validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability were evaluated. RESULTS: The test-retest coefficient of stability over a 2-week period was 0.99(p<0.01). The 20 items of the FSDS have good internal consistency, with an alpha of 0.96. The FSDS discriminated between women with and without sexually related distress(t=-7.34, p<0.01). The optimal cut-off score was 20(sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 92.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of FSDS might be a useful tool to screen for sexually distressed women in Korea.
Female* ; Humans ; Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between serum total testosterone levels and scores on the Aging Male's Symptom (AMS) scale and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in men with erectile dysfunction with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2005 to July 2008, 134 patients who complained of sexual dysfunction such as erectile dysfunction or decreased libido as the main symptoms of TDS with serum total testosterone levels less than 3.5 ng/ml were evaluated by independent t-test and linear regression analysis, respectively. Patients with treated hypogonadism within 6 months, with a history of taking a PDE5 inhibitor or an antidepressant for a depressive disorder, or who had metabolic syndrome were excluded from this study. RESULTS: The AMS scale and its 3 subdomain scores were not significantly correlated with the total testosterone level. By contrast, the total IIEF score and the score of each IIEF domain except sexual desire showed a weakly significantly positive correlation with serum total testosterone. CONCLUSIONS: In TDS patients with erectile dysfunction, there was a low relationship between serum total testosterone levels and the AMS scale and a weakly positive correlation between total testosterone levels and all IIEF domains except sexual desire. There was a low relationship between the AMS scale, the sexual desire domain score of the IIEF, and total testosterone. We should understand these limitations when evaluating patients with erectile dysfunction with TDS. New scales should be developed for the evaluation of erectile dysfunction in these patients.
Aging ; Depressive Disorder ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Libido ; Linear Models ; Male ; Sorbitol ; Testosterone ; Tyramine ; Weights and Measures

Most bladder diverticula are associated with a neurogenic bladder or obstructive condition, but a congenital diverticulum is believed to be a congenital failure of normal muscular development. Often solitary and large congenital bladder diverticulum leads to various complications, including recurrent urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux, stone formation, and incontinence. A diverticulectomy, with ureteral reimplantation, is recommended in Hutch's diverticula, as they are usually accompanied with reflux that does not spontaneously subside. We experienced a case of bilateral Hutch's diverticula, without vesicoureteral reflux, in a 15-month-old boy. This patient was successfully treated using only a bilateral diverticulectomy.
Diverticulum* ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Muscle Development ; Replantation ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic renal cryoablation (LRC) of small endophytic renal cell carcinoma, for which surgical treatment is technically difficult. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled patients with endophytic tumors from a prospectively collected database of 45 renal tumors in 39 patients who had undergone LRC from June 2005 to May 2009. An endophytic tumor was defined as less than 40% of the lesion extending off the surface of the kidney. We evaluated surgical and oncological outcomes. RESULTS: Among the treated tumors, 17 tumors (37.8%) were defined as endophytic tumors and 15 tumors from 14 patients were confirmed as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the pathologic examination of the tissue biopsy that was conducted at the time of LRC. The mean American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of the whole patient group was 2.9 (range, 1-4), and 85.7% (12/14) of the patients had an ASA physical status score over 3. The mean tumor size was 2.8 cm (range, 1.7-3.7 cm). The layout of the cryoprobe was carefully planned preoperatively on the basis of radiologic evaluation in all tumors. Multiple cryoprobes (mean, 3.2; range, 2-5) were used. No major complications, including open surgical conversion and nephrectomy due to bleeding, occurred. No patient experienced clinical symptoms of collecting system injuries. During the mean follow-up of 32.6 months (range, 12-51 months), radiologic evidence of tumor recurrence was found in one patient (6.7% for RCC). With the exception of this patient, all other patients have remained free of recurrence or metastasis, as determined by periodic radiologic workups. CONCLUSIONS: In this series of patients with intermediate-term follow-up, LRC for endophytic renal cell carcinoma showed acceptable oncological and surgical outcomes without sequelae in the collecting system.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Cryosurgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Kidney ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence