PURPOSE:To describe the features of displaced bucket-handle tears of the menisci on magnetic resonance (MR) images and to assess associated knee injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed coronal and sagittal MR images in 21 bucket-handle tears. The subjects were patients who had underwent preoperative MR evaluations of the knee and were identified from the arthroscopic surgical records as bucket-handle tear. We also described patterns of associated injuries. RESULTS:On coronal MR images, (a) in all cases, peripheral portion of the meniscus(bucket) had the appearance of a truncated or altered wedge;(b) central fragments(handle) were observed to be sitting in the intercondylar notch(16 cases) or located between the fernoral condyle and tibial plateau (5 cases). On sequential sagittal MR images, (c) the bow-tie appearance of the body of the meniscus was not seen (13 cases);(d) the bow-tie appearance of the displaced inner fragment was seen at the intercondylar notch level (9 cases);(e) "double posterior cruciate ligament" sign was presented (7 cases). Associated joint abnormalities included anterior cruciate ligament tears(l 1), contralateral meniscal tears(l 1), posterior cruciate ligament tears(3), medial collateral ligament tears(3), osteoarthritis(1), and Baker's cyst(l). CONCLUSION:Awareness of these characteristic MR findings(a-e) may increase the sensitivity of MR imaging in the diagnosis of displaced bucket-handle tears, and the MRI may be helpful to correctly characterize the displaced fragment and patterns of associated injury, providing arthroscopists a guide to appropriate surgical plans.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Collateral Ligaments ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Injuries ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: We attempted to investigate personality characteristics influencing insight acquisition in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Tridimensional personality questionnaire(TFQ) for neurobiologically based personality characteristics assessment and Barron's ego strength test were administrated to 30 patients with schizophrenia who had good insight and 30 patients who had poor insight. Each group was also compared with 453 normal health controls. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between good and poor insight acquisition groups on ego strength. Poor insight acquisition group showed significantly higher reward dependence dimension on Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire than good insight acquisition group, though the other two personality dimensions showed no difference. The good insight group showed no difference on three TFQ dimensions from normal healthy control group. However, the poor insight group demonstrated higher score in reward dependence dimension than the healthy control group but not in the other two dimensions. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that neurobiologically determined personality characteristics rather than ego strength would be closely related with insight acquisition in schizophrenia. Reward dependence as groups of behavioral characteristics, mainly derived from central norepinephrine mediated behavior would be related with insight formation. The roles of norepinephrine in schizophrenia have not been lolly understood yet. Further understandings regarding insight formation process and role of norepinephrine In schizophrenia could give some clues on insight acquisition in patients with schizophrenia.
Ego ; Humans ; Norepinephrine ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reward ; Schizophrenia*

The authors studied paranoid ideation and obsession, using Derogatis' SCL-90, in the subjects of 2,564 male and 1,252 female college freshmen of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of Self-Rating Paranoid ideation and Obsession Scale during the periods from January to February, 1987, and applied ANOVA and t-test on paranoid ideation and obsession scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors, and sexes. The results are as follows: 1. There was not significant difference in the mean averages of total paranoid ideation scores between male and female students: male students scored 4.16±3.09, female students scored 4.16±2.91. 2. High scored items were delusion and suspiciousness. 3. Fifty-nine male students (2.3%) showed high paranoid ideation scores of 12 or higher, while twenty-six female students (2.1%) showed the same scores. 4. There was strong tendency toward higher paranoid ideation scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their home atmosphere, college, department and familiarity of parents and those who had pessimistic view of self in the past, present or future in both group (respectively P<0.001). The male students who believed protestantism showed higher level of paranoid ideation scores (P<0.01). The male students who attended the department of fine art showed higher level of paranoid ideation scores (P<0.05). 5. There was significant difference in the mean averages of total obsession scores between male and female students (P<0.05): male students scored 10.40±5.43, female students scored 10.75±5.02 6. High scored items were perfectionism, indecisiveness, inattention & obsessive thoughts. 7. Thirty-eight male students (1.6%) showed high obsession scores of 25 or higher, while fifteen female students (1.2%) showed the same scores. 8. There was strong tendency toward higher obsession scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their home atmosphere, college, department and familiarity of parents and those who had pessimistic view of self in the past, present, or future in both group (respectively P<0.001). The female students who attended the department of home economic & whose educational fees were paid by her brothers & sister, showed higher level of obsession scores (respectively P<0.01).
Atmosphere ; Delusions ; Fees and Charges ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obsessive Behavior* ; Parents ; Protestantism ; Psychology ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Siblings

The electrical burns constitute a unique type of thermal injury and usually consist of a limited area of cutaneous burn, but associated with deep muscle damage of variable extent. The deep tissue destruction resulting from such injury leads to high incidence of amputation. So electrical burns are different from other types of injuries requiring individualized and varied methods of treatment, such as early fasciotomy, repeated debridement, wound coverage and technique of amputation. During 5 years from Jan. 1988 to Dec. 1992, we experienced 310 cases of electrical burn. We analyzed these cases on the aspects of functional result and necessity of amputation according to the treatment variability. The result showed the extent of burn in amputation group was 11.6%, salvage group 13.1%, with no difference of extent between 2 groups(p>0.05, by qui square test). When the fasciotomy was done earlier than 12 hours after injury showed 39.1% of more than good functional result, when later than 12 hours 7.7% of more than good, that is, earlier fasciotomy resulted in better function(p < 0.05, qui square test). The amputation rate was 23.9% during the last 5 years which was a marked improvment when compared to the previous ten years(32.4%). From these results we concluded that in order to reduce the rate of amputation and to improve the function of patients, early fasciotomy, early repeated debridement and wound coverage is necessary.
Amputation ; Burns ; Debridement ; Humans ; Incidence ; Wounds and Injuries

The percutaneous pinning is a simple, effective method for the treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. But there is some controversy in the number of pins used and the method of pin insertion. The cross pinning method provides more stability at the fracture site but the risk of ulnar nerve damage is higher than in lateral pinning method, The senenty-one displaced extension type supracondylar fractures were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous cross pinning from January 1991 to October 1994. Among them, the medial pin was inserted in elbow extension in twenty-eight cases and in forty- three cases the medial pin was inserted in elbow flexion. Ulnar nerve injury occured postoperatively in six cases, in which the pin was inserted with the elbow in flexion position. These results may suggest that when percutaneous cross pinning method is selected to fix the supracondylar fracture of the humerus, it would be safer to insert one or two lateral pins with the elbow in full flexion position followed by one medial pin in extension position in order to reduce the risk of loss of reduction and ulnar nerve damage.
Child ; Elbow ; Humans ; Humerus ; Methods ; Ulnar Nerve

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is a accurate and safe method confirming the intraabdominal injury with head trauma, unstable multiple injuried patients. But the development of imaging technique and the trend in noninvasive diagnostic value is decreasing now. In the emergency room, the emergency physicians are required the rapidity and accuracy' in intial assessment and the decisions for the operation or not. So emergency physicians have been investigating the diagnostic method for intraabdomial injury that is more rapid, safe and accurate. Many diagnostic tools are developed and now accepted and used widely, among them the diagnostic peritoneal lavage is still the best method for unsatble or head injuries patients. But the positive diagnostic criterias are variable by many authors and still remain imperfectly. So our study was reviewed by medical record of patients who were undertaken the diagnostic peritoneal lavage for the diagnosis intraabdominal injury and statistical analyasis was done compared with many criteria of red blood cell and white blood cell for the more actuate way. A retrospective study of diagnostic peritoneal lavage was done of 90 patients with blunt abdominal trauma during 2 years from January, 1996 to December, 1997 and summerized our experience. The results were as follows; 1) There are 73 males and 17 females in sex. The most common type of injury was the traffic accident. 2) With many variable criteria of RBC and WBC, the accuracy and the false positive and false negative were not different in statistical results. The average accuracy was 80.1%. 3) The operations were done in 30(33.3%) cases, and the most frequent injuried organ was the small bowel, 20 cases(66.7%).
Accidents, Traffic ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Medical Records ; Peritoneal Lavage* ; Retrospective Studies

The authors studied anxiety-depression using New Anxiety-Depression Scale (NADS) in the subjects of 2,564 male and 1,252 female college freshmen of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of NADS during the periods from January to February 1987, and applied ANOVA and t-test on anxiety depression scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors and sexes. The results are as follows: There was significant difference in the mean average of total scores between male and female students: male students scored 33.41±8.76 and female students scored 35.34±9.02 (P<0.001). The anxiety-depression scores relating to the items of sleep disturbance, apprehension, facial flushing and fatigue were relatively scored higher in both groups. One hundred and thirty nine male students (5.4%) showed seriously higher degree of anxiety-depression scores of 50 or more, while eighty eight female students (7.0%) showed the same scores. There was a strong tendency toward higher anxiety-depression scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their home atmosphere, colleges, departments, familiarity of parents and those who had pessimistic views of self image in the past, presents and future in both groups (P<0.001).
Anxiety ; Atmosphere ; Depression ; Fatigue ; Female ; Flushing ; Humans ; Male ; NAD ; Parents ; Psychology ; Recognition (Psychology)

The expression of MHC class I genes has been thought to be regulated by two major cis-acting regulatory elements. The first region, enhancer A (Enh A) spanning from positions -210 to -165 contains perfect palindrome (PP), TGGGGATTCCCCA. The PP is well-conserved both in mouse and human MHC class I genes, even though the PP is disrupted by 2 bp substitutions (TGAGGATTCTCCA) in HLA-C genes. Three proteins binding to the Enh A of HLA-A and -B locus genes, but very weakly or nearly not to the Enh A of HLA-C locus gene have been identified. To determine functional importance of the PP for binding of trans-acting protein, mutant DNA probes were made by site-directed in vitro mutagenesis and then electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed. HLA-A mutant DNA probe, in which the PP is disrupted, shows the same nuclear protein binding pattern as that of the HLA-C gene, and HLA-C mutant DNA probe, in which the PP is introduced, shows the same nuclear protein binding pattern as that of the wild type HLA-A gene. These data suggest that the perfect palindrome and its cognate DNA binding nuclear protein play an important role in the HLA class I gene regulation, and thus the lower expression of HLA-C antigen may be ascribed to no or very weak factor binding to the nonpalindromic sequences of HLA-C upstream DNA.
Animal ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements (Genetics) ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; Human ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Autologous Transfusion, storage of one's own blood for subsequent infusion if needed, is safe and effective in a variety of scheduled operative procedures. Obstetric involvement in such programs in very limited, however, because of concern over the possibility of inducing premature labor or causing fetal distress by blood volume change or vasovagal reactions. We describe our experience with pregnant women in this program. The incidence of vagovagal reactions of autologous donation was 9.5% (2.21). After entry into this program, 17pastients received a total 37pints, which consist of 19 Autologous and 18 Homologous. Homologous transfusion was avoided in 30% of patients receiving blood. The values of the mean hematocrits before and after hpebotomy were 34.1% and 31.8% respectively. It was stastically significant (p<0.01). We recommended that autologous blood donation by pregnant women in third trimester is safe for mothers or infants and it should be strongly encouraged for patient with placenta previa and repeated cesarean section.
Blood Donors ; Blood Volume ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Hematocrit ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Mothers ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Placenta Previa ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnant Women* ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

No abstract available.
Monocytes* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Phenol*