In the antero-posterior and lateral viewe of the lumbar X-ray film of 258 normal Korean adults(120 males, 138 females), the following measurement was made ; the measurement of the interpeduncular distance, anteroposterior diaameter, width of the lumbar vertebral body and height, and thickness of the pedicle. The mean value of interpeduncular distances and anteroposterior diameter of each lumbar vertebral level was measured in relation to the variables of sex and age. The value of interpeduncular distance at each level was related to the pedicle index and width of the vertebral bodies. Statistical analysis was made. The percentage of type A was 74.42%, type B 21.32%, type C 4.26%, but type D was not observed. The mean value of the interpeduncular distances of each level of the lumbar vertebra was measured. In male, Ll was 23.57mm, L2 24.29mm, L3 25.36mm, L4 27.09mm, and L5 was 29.77mm. In female, Ll was 22.24mm, L2 23.03mm, L3 24.11mm, L4 25.70mm, and L5 28.29mm. The difference between male and female was significant (P<0.05). The difference between each age group was not signifcant (F>3.58). There was no significant relationship between the interpeduncular distance, anteroposterior diameter, pedicle indices and the width of the body at all levels.
Adult* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Spinal Canal* ; Spine ; X-Ray Film

This study is concerned with the classifcation of Korean adult mandibular condyles on the basis of the shape of their anteroposterior view. The results were as follows ; 1. Morphological variations are classified into 4 groups. The percentage of each group has been : flat, 7.7% ; convex, 47.2% ; angled, 14.8% ; round, 30.3%. 2. The location of the highest point were as follows : in the lateral third, 15.5% ; middle third, 80.3% ; medial third, 4.2%. 3. The maximum transverse diameter and greatest height were 20.3±2.4mm and 6.5±1.5mm, respectively.
Adult* ; Classification* ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle*

No abstract available.
Femur* ; Hip*

No abstract available.
Hip* ; Pyomyositis*

Biliary cystadenoma is a rare biliary ductal neoplasm that usually arises in the liver and less frequently in the extrahepatic bile ducts. Clinical manifestations are non-specific; hence preoperative diagnosis depends heavily on imaging. Computed tomography, ultrasonography, angiography and cholangiogram are useful diagnostic procedures in biliary cystic tumor, but definite diagnosis depends on histologic diagnosis. Surgical resection often yields excellent results. Surgical procedures used to treat cystadenomas include: aspiration, drainage, marsupialization, and excision. If there is no evidence of metastasis, complete resection of these tumors is necessary for a complete cure. We experienced an 80-year-old man who complained of jaundice and RUQ pain. He was diagnosed as biliary mucinous cystadenoma, We confirmed our diagnosis by cholangioscopic biopsy, and performed endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST). So, we report this case and have reviewed the relevant literature as a part of our report for the subject case.
Aged, 80 and over ; Angiography ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Biliary Tract* ; Biopsy ; Cystadenoma ; Cystadenoma, Mucinous* ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Humans ; Jaundice* ; Liver ; Mucins* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas* ; Ultrasonography

Congenital anomaly of the extrahepatic biliary system is relatively common, especially vascular variations are much more frequent than anatomic variations. The normal anatomical structure is encountered in only 35 percent of individuals, many of these variations have little or no clinical improtance, but some cases induce symptoms and signs or may lead to incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate management. These are very important to correct diagnosis of biliary variations observed during ultrasonography, cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and to accurate management by surgeon or endoscopist since accidental section or ligation of aberrant structures can lead to serious complications. We experienced a very rare case of extrahepatic bile duct anomaly confirmed by ERCP. The right and left extrahepatic ducts were connected at the level of the pancreatic segment of the common bile duct and the cystic duct drains to the right extrahepatic duct. There were several stones in the distal portion of the left extrahepatic duct and gallbladder.
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic* ; Cholangiography ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Choledocholithiasis ; Common Bile Duct ; Cystic Duct ; Diagnosis ; Gallbladder ; Ligation ; Ultrasonography

Congenital anomaly of the extrahepatic biliary system is relatively common, especially vascular variations are much more frequent than anatomic variations. The normal anatomical structure is encountered in only 35 percent of individuals, many of these variations have little or no clinical improtance, but some cases induce symptoms and signs or may lead to incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate management. These are very important to correct diagnosis of biliary variations observed during ultrasonography, cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and to accurate management by surgeon or endoscopist since accidental section or ligation of aberrant structures can lead to serious complications. We experienced a very rare case of extrahepatic bile duct anomaly confirmed by ERCP. The right and left extrahepatic ducts were connected at the level of the pancreatic segment of the common bile duct and the cystic duct drains to the right extrahepatic duct. There were several stones in the distal portion of the left extrahepatic duct and gallbladder.
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic* ; Cholangiography ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Choledocholithiasis ; Common Bile Duct ; Cystic Duct ; Diagnosis ; Gallbladder ; Ligation ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical reliability of the Bosniak IIF category and to determine the proper radiologic follow-up duration and intervals for category IIF complex renal cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 201 patients with category IIF renal cysts from January 1996 to January 2011. Renal cyst progression to category III was defined as an increase in complexity of the cyst in follow-up radiologic studies. We monitored radiologic changes and progression of renal cysts during the follow-up period and analyzed the pathologic results of those patients who were treated surgically. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 20 months, only 14 cases (7%) showed evidence of progression to stage III, with a mean time to progression of 11 months (range, 3 to 65 months). There were no significant differences in age, gender, cyst size, or change in cyst size between the progressive and non-progressive groups. Of 12 cases treated surgically, 10 cases (83.3%) showed renal cell carcinoma with pT1 stage, and there was no recurrence during postoperative follow-up of 23 months. Of the 187 patients without radiologic progression, 23 cases were treated surgically, and all of them showed benign cysts. CONCLUSIONS: The IIF category showed significant clinical reliability by a low rate of radiologic progression and a high rate of malignancy in the radiologic progressive group but a low rate of malignancy in the non-progressive group. Although it is hard to decide on a proper follow-up duration because of the variable time to progression, too frequent follow-up study seems to be unnecessary considering that most malignant cases were of a low stage.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Disease Progression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney ; Recurrence

Breast reconstruction with free TRAM flap is a common procedure. However patients with abdominal scars can be confronted with a challenging problem in performing flap reconstruction. The inadequate blood supply around the scar can result in various skin complications in flap or donor site, but there are no reported guidelines in our country. From May 1999 to March 2003, a total of 38 breast reconstructions using free TRAM flaps were performed for 37 patients, of whom 12 had abdominal scars from previous operations; 7 had midline vertical scars and 4 had low transverse scars from Cesarean section or total hysterectomy, 3 had right lower quadrant oblique scars from appendectomy (2 also had transverse scars from Cesarean section). We attempted to minimize flap and donor site complications by modifying classic free TRAM flap designs and procedures according to the characteristics of the abdominal scars and performed periodic follow-up observations of flaps and donor sites for presence of complications and also gave surveys for patient satisfaction on the reconstructed breast. All 38 patients underwent successful breast reconstructions with neither skin complications around the scar nor flap loss and 96.4% patients reported being very satisfied or satisfied with the results.
Appendectomy ; Breast* ; Cesarean Section ; Cicatrix* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Mammaplasty* ; Patient Satisfaction ; Pregnancy ; Skin ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: To review the results of resections of heterotopic ossification around the hip in patients with central nervous system injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Heterotopic ossification was resected in ten hips of eight patients and followed for at least one year. Average age was 38.1 years (range, 21-56 years). We reviewed the charts and the radiographs for overall patient function, location of the lesion, radiographic evidence of maturation and any recurrence. Heterotopic ossification was resected regardless of the result of bone scan. RESULTS: All patients showed improved function. Three minimal recurrences and one moderate recurrence were identified at the last follow-up radiography, but the range of motion had not decreased due to recurrence. CONCLUSION: Severe heterotopic ossification around the hip in patients with spastic paralysis was resected, and it was found that the range of motion was improved in all patients and that the chance of recurrence was minimal, even though the bone scan showed hot uptake on the bone scan.
Adult* ; Central Nervous System ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Joint ; Hip* ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Ossification, Heterotopic* ; Paralysis ; Radiography ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recurrence