No abstract available.
Tracheal Stenosis*

Cartilage is one of the most commonly manipulated tissue in esthetic and reconstructive surgery. Cartilage has an important role in longitudinal bone growth. Anabolic hormones and locally produced peptide growth factors are known to influence this process Matrix composition changes through proliferation, maturation, and differentiation of chondrocytes, and endochondral ossification thereafter. Defined cartilage matrix is synthesized during the maturation of chondrocytes where the major change is the increment of type II collagen. Variable sulfated mucololysaccharides and hyaluronic acid are also synthesized during this maturation. IGF-I(insulin like growth factor-I), so called somatomedin C, is a prominent growth factor in serum. IGF-I is known to be involved in long growth. IGF-I is affected by pituitary growth hormone. There are few studies done on IGF-I effect in cartilage matrix formation and possible changes of collagen subtypes. This experiment was designed to see the IGF-I effect on the colagen synthesis of cultured chondrocytes. Optimal concentration of IGF-I for the experiment was determined using H3-thymidine incorporation into DNA. The IGF-I effect on collagen synthesis was studied using H3-proline. The IGF-I effect on the synthesis of subtypes of collagen was studied using SDS-PAGE and immunocytochemical staining. Chondrocytes were isolated from the ears of New Zealand white rabbit and cultured in 2 X 10(5) cells/300 microgram density. IGF-I increased DNA synthesis, and optimal concentration of IGF-I was determined by dose-relationship curve as 10ng/ml. Collagen synthesis was increased by IGF-I. Type II collagen was increased on SDS-PAGE with IGF-I and this gel electrophoresis showed type X collagen, also. The increase in type II collagen was confirmed with immunocytochemical staining, the reaction becoming stronger with the addition of IGF-I. Type I collagen was not changed with IGF-I on immunocytochemistry. We conclude that IGE-I is an important modulator influencing not only proliferation and maturation but also terminal different-iation of chondrocytes.
Bone Development ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes* ; Collagen Type I ; Collagen Type II ; Collagen Type X ; Collagen* ; DNA ; Ear ; Electrophoresis ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Growth Hormone ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; New Zealand

No abstract available.
Head* ; Hypopharynx* ; Mouth* ; Neck* ; Oropharynx*

Transforming-growth factor beta l, a prototypital autocrine growth factor, exhibits such a remarkable diversity of biological activity that may stimulate or inhibit cellular proliferation and stimulate extracellular matrix formation depending on the cell type. We evaluated the effect of TGF-beta1 on proliferation of the human prostatic epithelial cell and fibroblast. Epithelial cells were released from tissues by collagen digestion, and primary and subcultures cells were grown in PFMR-4A medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor, phosphoelhanolamine, cholera toxin, selenium, insulin, hydrocortisone, and bovine pituitary extract. Prostate-derived fibroblasts were cultured using RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. Verification of prostatic epithelial cells was accomplished by indirect immunofluorescence detection of prostate specific antigen, cytokeratin, and prostate-derived fibroblast was confirmed by immunofluorescence detection Of vimentin. Proliferation assay was performed using 3H-thymidine assay. Time and dose dependent inhibitory effects of TGF-beta1 on proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells were noted (86+/-6% at 0.1ng,ml and 21+/-3% at 10ng/ml after 96hr exposure). while TGF-beta1 at a high concentration stimulated the proliferation of prostate-derived tibroblasts (125+/-11% at lng/ml after 48hr exposure, 118+/-10% at 1ng/ ml arter 96hr exposure). However in the absence of fetal bovine serum, TGF-betal, at a physiologic range of 0.01 ng/ml showed inhibitory effect on proliferation of prostate-derived fibroblasts. These data show that TGF-beta1, a growth modulating cytokine, regulates growth of prostatic epithelial cells and prostate-derived fibroblast in the different way.
Cell Proliferation ; Cholera Toxin ; Collagen ; Digestion ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Epithelial Cells ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibroblasts ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Insulin ; Keratins ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Selenium ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factors* ; Vimentin

Endothelial cell have been shown to play an active role in many phases of immunologic process, including binding of T lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and monocytes to the endothelium, as well as phagocytosis. Endothelial cells can also serve as targets that undergo cell injury. The most prominent mediators of endothelial cell activation are IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. VLA-4 was first identified as an endothelial cell surface receptor. We performed the culture of endothelial cells derived from human glomerular capillaries and studied the cytokine-regulated expression of VCAM-1, and the effect of dexamethasone and TGF-beta on the cytokine induced VCAM-1 expression using ELISA method. Expression of VCAM-1 was not detectable above background level in the basal unstimulated state. However, VCAM-1 was rapidly induced after exposure to IL-1beta (5ng/ml) or TNF-alpha (1, 10ng/ml) (O.D.=1.76+/-0.15, 1.95+/-0.35, 1.88+/-0.17, mean+/-S.E., control=0.36+/-0.028, n=8-24, P<0.05). But IFN-gamma did not increase the expression of VCAM-1. Addition of dexamethasone (10 micrometer) and TGF-beta1 (1ng, 10ng/ml) blunted IL-1beta and TNF-alpha induced expression of VCAM-1. Therefore, VCAM-1 could be inducible in human glomerular endothelial cells, and it was regulated by dexamethasone and TGF-beta1. The negative findings in histopathology may reflect the transience of VCAM-1 expression and does not necessarily exclude an important role of this molecule in the early stages of renal disease.
Capillaries ; Dexamethasone* ; Endothelial Cells* ; Endothelium ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Integrin alpha4beta1 ; Monocytes ; Neutrophils ; Phagocytosis ; T-Lymphocytes ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1*

Cartilage is commonly used autogenous material for aesthetic and reconstructive surgery and major donor sites of cartilage are ear, nasal septum, and rib. As the cartilage correlates with ossification and can be used for joint reconstruction. Many growth factors influencing growth and differentiation of chondrocytes have been reported, and matrix composition produced by chondrocytes may vary in types and quantity according to culture duration. Initially the chondrocytes in culture aggregate, then secrete type I collagen. Type II collagen is produced during differentiation process, and synthesis of type X collagen is the last step. In this study, chondrocytes were isolated from ear cartilage of the New Zealand white rabbit weighing 400 gm. We performed high density culture using penicylinder and pellet method. The cells were polygonal in morphology and viable under the inverted microscope. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of IGF-I, TGF- p, and b- FGF on the synthesis of collagen in chondrocyte culture. Optimal concentration of growth factors was determined using H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. After the addition of optimal concentration of each growth factors in experimental groups, the uptake of H-proline was measured. Only IGF-I showed a statistically significant increase of collagen synthesis. We observed how subtypes of collagen were influenced by growth factors in two culture methods and by differing the addition timing of growth factors. SDS-PAGE was adopted for subtyping of collagen. All subtypes of collagen were found in both culture methods and all growth factors facilitated the production of type II and type X collagen and may be devoted to the differentiation of chondrocytes. Immunohistochemical staining for type I, and type II collagen was examined to confirm the above result. In pellet culture, type II collagen was stained densely in response to the addition of three kinds of growth factors. The results of penicylinder culture showed similar outcome to those from pellet cultured group. From the above results, we concluded as follows; First, IGF-I generally influence the synthesis of type I and II collagen. Second, TGF beta increased the synthesis of collagen. Third, b-FGF increased the synthesis of type II and type X collagen. We concluded that IFG-I is the only growth factor which is effective regardless of culture duration and method. TGF- beta and b-FGF, which are potent mitogen, facilitate the secretion of collagen.
Cartilage ; Chondrocytes* ; Collagen Type I ; Collagen Type II ; Collagen Type X ; Collagen* ; DNA ; Ear ; Ear Cartilage ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* ; Joints ; Nasal Septum ; New Zealand ; Ribs ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: Glomerular endothelial cells should participate in the process of glomerular disease by expressions of HLA antigens and adhesion molecules. However, few have been known about the regulation of the expression of these molecules in human glomerular endothelial cells(HGEC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the expressions of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and HLA-DR to see if there are any cytokine-dependent or time-dependent differences. METHODS: HGEC were isolated and cultured from the normal portion of the kidneys removed due to renal cell carcinoma, which was confirmed by factor VIII and fluorescent-labeled acetylated LDL. The effects of cytokine on the cell surface expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and HLA-DR were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: ICAM-1 was increased by IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. VCAM-1 was increased by IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, not by IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma only increased expression of HLA-DR. Basal expression of ICAM-1 was higher than VCAM-1 and HLA-DR. The time course of expression was different according to adhesion molecule. CONCLUSIONS: These data showed that the expression of adhesion molecules and HLA-DR in HGEC were regulated differentially by inflammatory and immune-regulatory cytokines.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Cytokines ; Endothelial Cells* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Factor VIII ; HLA Antigens ; HLA-DR Antigens* ; Humans* ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Interleukin-1beta ; Kidney ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

It has been assumed that tension and anxiety serve to induce or exacerbate tinnitus through increasing muscle tension or alteration in blood flow to the cochlear region. And it is also possible that psychological distress may be a result of tinnitus, or that awareness of tinnitus may be greater during environmental stress. So tinnitus patients need psychologic consideration in their diagnosis and treatment. Purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree and characteristic of the psychologic factors in tinnitus disorder. Cornell Medical Index(CMI), Fukamachi's Discriminative chart and Symptom Check List-90-Revision(SCL-90-R) were examed in tinnitus patients and control group. The results were as follows. 1) According to the Fukamachi's Discriminative Chart using CMI, the tinnitus group showed higher incidence than normal healthy adults group in class III or IV region which is regarded as neurosis. 2) The tinnitus group showed higher score than normal healthy group in all 9 sections of SCL-90-R. 3) The group which has long duration of tinnitus was related to high scores of interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and the group which has not history of otologic surgery was related to high scores of depression, phobic anxiety(p<0.01).
Adult ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Muscle Tonus ; Tinnitus*

Whereas mesangial and epithelial cells from glomeruli are commonly grown in vitro, there has been major difficulties in developing homogenous cultures of human glomerular endothelial cells. This study defines the conditions for the reproducible isolation and growth of homogenous monolayers of human glomerular endothelial cells based on the method of Green DF et al published in 1992. Using the selective media and the sieving method, fibronectin was required as a surface matrix after adequate collagenase treatment, and endothelial cell growth factor and heparin was needed for the continuous growth of endothelial cells. The endothelial cell growth factor was isolated from the bovine hypothalamic extracts. Glomerular capillary endothelial cells exhibited a cobblestone morphology at confluence and stained homogenously with von Willebrand factor(factor VIII). The cytokeratin and the actin were not stained. This study might be helpful for in vitro study to know the biological characteristics of human glomerular endothelial cells under the predetermined condition.
Actins ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Collagenases ; Endothelial Cells* ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibronectins ; Heparin ; Humans* ; Keratins ; Population Characteristics

Cyclodialysis is characterized by a disruption of the circumferential attachment of the fibers of the meridional ciliary muscle to the scleral spur. Cyclodialysis can lead to a marked chronic hypotony. Prolonged periods of hypotony can result in corneal edema, Descemet`s folds, shallow anterior chamber, cataract formation, chorioretinal folds that can involve the macula, and optic disc edema. The authors experienced a case of traumatic cyclodialysis with a persistent hypotony. We have treated with refixation of the detached ciliary body, by direct cyclopexy. Postoperatively, hypotony was disappeared and visual improvement was achieved.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Ciliary Body ; Corneal Edema ; Edema