Fracture of the tibial shaft is one of the most common fractures of the long bones and frequently followed by malunion, delayed union and nonunion. We experienced the cases of further increase in the angulation after clinical union of the tibial shaft fractures treated by conservative method. So we analyzed 39 cases of tibial shaft fractures which were followed up from 12 weeks to 37 weeks after clinical union in adults. The results were as follows; l. 7 of the 39 cases(18%) showed the increase in the angulation, and all of them were male. 2. Increase in the angulation occurred more frequenlty in the comminuted fractures than simple fractures. 3. The increment of angulation was more marked in group of patients with higher angulation at the time of clinical union. 4. Increase in the angulation occurred more commonly in the cases not associated with fibula fracture than in the cases associated with fibula fracture. 5. Further increase in the angulation was less common in the cases in whom early weight bearing with PTB cast was started.
Adult ; Fibula ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) is one of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, A rare disease caused by a disturbance of the mitochondrial chain of respiration. MELAS is confirmed by typical light and electron microscopic findings : "ragged red fibers" by modified Gomori trichrome stain on light microscope and numerous abormal mitochondria on electron microscope. We experienced a boy with the characteristic clinical and pathologic findings of MELAS. Our patient demonstrated bilateral basal ganglia calcifications and infarction at right parieto-occipital and thalamic areas on CT and MR We found that MRI was more sensitive and represented the infarcted lesions better than CT. Detection of cerebral insults of MELAS by MRI is important in making decision on patient treatment and also in predicion of the patient prognosis.
Acidosis, Lactic ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain Diseases ; Child* ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; MELAS Syndrome* ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies ; Muscular Diseases ; Rare Diseases ; Respiration

PURPOSE: Is there any relationship between penile size and physical stature? This study was performed to answer this question and provide guidelines of penile size to assist in counseling patients for penile augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Penile size, body weight and height were measured in 150 young healthy men, and the body mass index(BMI) was calculated in weight(kg)/height(m)2. The penile length and circumference were measured with tape in flaccid and erect states. The 'lengthening ratio' was calculated by 'erect length/flaccid length', and 'tumescent ratio' was calculated by 'erect circumference/flaccid circumference'. All the data was statistically evaluated and the following results were obtained. Result : The average length and circumference were 8.26+/-1.07cm and 8.34+/-1.03cm respectively in the flaccid state, and 13.42+/-1.38cm and 11.17+/-1.05cm in the erect state. The average lengthening and tumescent ratios were 1.64+/-0.22 and 1.35+/-0.08, and were negatively correlated to the flaccid penile length and circumference. Height was positively correlated to erect penile length and lengthening ratio. There was a relationship between body weight and erect penile length in a positive direction, but with other penile parameters there were none. There was no relationship between BMI and any parameters of penile size. However, the erect penile length of the normal BMI group was longer than that of the lower BMI group. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the flaccid penile size is related to the erect penile size and there is some relation between penile size and physical stature. We believe these results will be applicable to the penile augmentation.
Body Size ; Body Weight* ; Counseling ; Humans ; Male

No abstract available.
Kartagener Syndrome*

A clinical observation was made on 54 cases of renal tuberculosis who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Soon-Chun-Hyaing College Hospital during the period from January, 1977 to December, 1981. The following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of renal tuberculosis was 7.5% of all urological in-patients. 2. The most common age group was 20-49 years (68.5%) and male to female ratio was 1.8:1. 3. Both kidneys were affected in 8 cases (14.8%), while 26 cases (48.2%) in right and 20 cases (37%) were in left kidney. 4. The most frequent subjective complaints was frequency in 62.9% and hematuria in 40.7%, flank pain in 38.9%, painful urination in 29.6%, nocturia in 27.8% in order of their frequency. 5. Eleven (20.4%) of 54 cases were associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. 6. Urinary findings revealed pyuria in 68.5%, proteinuria in 66.7% and hematuria in 53.7%. 7. On the intravenous pyelogram, non-visualization of the kidney was found in 31.5%, hydronephrosis in 24.1%and destruction of calices in 20.4%. 8.Cystoscopic findings showed active lesions of cystitis in 47.9%, fibrosis with trabeculation in 20.8%, deformed ureteral orifice in 18.8% and contracted bladder in 14.6%. 9. Nephrectomy was done in 26 cases (48.1%), ureteric reimplantation in 2 cases. cutaneous ureterostomy in 1case and nephrostomy in 1 case.
Cystitis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Nocturia ; Proteinuria ; Pyuria ; Replantation ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Ureter ; Ureterostomy ; Urinary Bladder ; Urination ; Urology

No abstract available.

In glaucoma filtering surgery, we conducted subconjunctival injection of Mitomycin-C(MMC) 12 hours before and after surgery, and examined histologic findings of the filtering bleb, and condition of the anterior chamber which ensued after the injection. We divided 15 full-grown rabbits into three groups, and for each group, administered subconjunctivally 0.1cc of 0.002%, 0.004%, and 0.008% MMC, respectively. The subconjunctival injection of MMC before surgery was given to the right eye and post-surgical injection to the left, and we examined the results 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after the administration.In conclusion, subconjunctival injection of MMC 12 hours before glaucoma filtering surgery is shown to be more effective than the injection after the surgery.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister* ; Filtering Surgery* ; Glaucoma* ; Mitomycin* ; Rabbits

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the female genital tract are extremely rare. Fewer than 30 cases have been described in the literature. We experienced a case of alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the female genital tract which was diagnosed by routine light microscopic study using ultrastructural and immunohistochemical stain. We report this case with a brief review of the literature.
Female* ; Humans ; Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part*

In order to find a highly efficient compound against Clonorchis infection, the anthelmintic activity of disophenol, Tremerad (SYD-230), dithiazanine iodide, dehydroemetine-late-release tablets(RO 1-9334/20), niridazole (Ambilhar), hexachlorophene (G-11), Hetol(1, 4-bis-trichloromethylbenzol) and Bilevon (niclofolan) was tested against Clonorchis sinensis experimentally infected rabbits. All drugs showed a progressive increase in efficacy as the dose rate. They were highly efficient against Clonorchis infection if sufficiently high, potentially toxic doses were given. The efficacy was evaluated by the number of detected worms with vital condition at autopsy after the treatment with above drugs. The high efficacy was observed at the following dose rates of each drugs, i.e. disophenol at a single dose of 30 mg/kg, Tremerad at the daily dose of 200 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days, dithiazanine iodide at the daily dose of 50 mg/kg for 6 consecutive days, dehydroemetine at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days, hexachlorophene at the daily dose of 20 mg/kg for 10 to 15 consecutive days, Hetol at the daily doses from 50 to 100 mg/kg for 5 to 10 consecutive days, and Bilevon at a single dose of 8 mg/kg. Moderate effectiveness was shown in niridazole at the dose of 25 mg/kg for 10 days medication. The use of these anthelmintics for the clinical treatment of Clonorchis sinensis infection is discussed.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; chemotherapy-Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis-rabbit ; disophenol ; Tremerad (SYD-230) ; dithiazanine iodide ; dehydroemetine-late-release tablets(RO 1-9334/20) ; niridazole (Ambilhar) ; hexachlorophene (G-11) ; Hetol(1, 4-bis-trichloromethylbenxol) ; Bilevon (niclofolan)

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been established as the first line procedure of urinary stone treatment. To evaluate clinical efficacy and to identify the criteria of proper patient selection tempered by understanding of the limitations of the ESWL therapy available. We reviewed 2500 patients with urinary stone treated by ESWL using the Northgate SD-3 lithotriptor between June, 1989 and May, 1995. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The total average success rate of treatment was 92.6%. 2. The success rate according to stone locations were 88% in kidney (1074/1214 cases), 93.5% in ureter(1275/1323 cases) and 92.7% in bladder (38/41 cases). 3. The success rate according to stone size measured on the KUB film were 98.0% below 10mm, 91.0% in 11 - 20mm, 80.0% in 21 - 30mm and 68.7% over 31mm. 4. The average numbers of treatment were 2.3 sessions and the mean number of shock per treatment were 1940 +- 230. 5. Of the 2578 cases, 2178(84.5%) were treated by ESWL monotherapy. For auxiliary procedure, Double-J stents were placed in 64 cases and nephrostomy in 49 cases. Stone manipulation including push back, Dormia basket, Ureteroscopy were performed in 161 cases. We conclude that as a highly effective and minimally invasive treatment modality, ESWL has become to be the therapy of choice in 85.5% of urinary stones. When ESWL therapy is less effective for stone size larger than 3 cm(68.7%), staghorn calculi (65.5%) and presence of anatomical barriers, the additional endourologic procedures need to be indicated.
Calculi ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lithotripsy* ; Patient Selection ; Shock* ; Stents ; Ureteroscopy ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi*