Humans ; Liver ; anatomy & histology ; Terminology as Topic

BACKGROUND: The incidence of bone marrow (BM) metastasis might be related with the occurrence of malignant tumors in ethnic groups. So, we investigated the type and the frequency of metastatic tumors of BM and analyzed the clinicopathologic variables of BM metastasis. METHODS: This study included 932 cases of primary malignant tumor which were requested for BM study from January 1995 to June 2006 in Chonnam National University Hospital and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital. Peripheral blood smears (PBS); aspirates, touch prints, and trephine biopsies of BM; and medical records including other laboratory test results were reviewed. RESULTS: Overall frequency of BM metastasis was 11.9% (111/932). Primary tumors with BM involvement in children comprised neuroblastoma (74.1%), rhabdomyosarcoma (7.4%), and malignant lymphoma (7.4%). For adult patients, they consisted of malignant lymphoma (56.0%), gastrointestinal cancer (20.2%), and lung cancer (6.0%). In the case of malignant lymphoma, diffuse large cell lymphoma was the most frequent one. Laboratory findings of patients with BM metastasis commonly showed anemia and thrombocytopenia; in addition, serum LD, ALP, AST and ALT were elevated in 81.5% (75/92), 63.4% (59/93), 63.5% (61/96) and 33.3% (32/96), respectively. Leukoerythroblastosis was observed only in 19.8% (22/111) on PBS examination. CONCLUSIONS: The most common non-hematopoietic metastatic tumor was neuroblastoma in children and gastrointestinal tumors in adults. Leukoerythroblastosis, anemia, and the elevation of serum LD, ALP, and AST were useful markers for the prediction of BM metastasis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/*secondary ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuroblastoma/pathology

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of orthotopic ileal neobladder versus ortho- topic sigmoid neobladder.Methods The data of 96 patients who had undergone orthotopic ileal neoblad- der and 68 patients who had undergone orthotopic sigmoid neobladder were retrospectively analyzed.The perioperative condition,urinary continence,urodynamics,and pouch-related complications were compared between the 2 groups.Results Of all the 164 patients,12(7.3%)were lost to follow-up.The mean fol- low-up was 46(2-86)months in orthotopic ileal neobladder group,and 42(4-78)months in orthotopic sigmoid neobladder group.There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and postoperative urinary continence between the 2 approaches(P＞0.05).However,compared with sigmoid neobladder group,ileal neobladder group had longer operative time and postoperative recovery time,and got a bigger pouch(P＜0.05).The early and late pouch-related complication rates of ileal neohladder group were 16. 7% and 29.2%,which were higher than those of sigmoid neobladder group.During the follow-up,tumor recurred in 3 cases of ileal neobladder group,but none in sigmoid neobladder group.Conclusions Ortho- topic ileal neobladder and sigmoid neobladder are similar in operative difficulties,and both can achieve satis- factory clinical results.Compared with ileal neobladder,sigmoid neobladder has shorter operative time, quicker recovery and lower rate of pouch-related complications,thus is a preferred procedure.

OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer has long been linked to the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV), and the oncoproteins E6 and E7 disrupt the functions of tumour suppressor genes, resulting in genetic alteration. It was shown that loss of heterozygosity at 6p is a common genetic alteration in cervical cancer. However, the molecular genetics of cancer have only recently been understood, and for the development of cervical cancer additional genetic alterations in host cell genes are required. The present study has identified the differential changes of the cervical cancer-associated genetic alterations by a genome-wide array based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). METHODS: We analyzed 15 cases of cervical cancer from St. Mary's hospital of The paraffin-fixed tissue samples were microdissected under microscope and DNA was extracted by the procedures of proteinase K digestion and chloroform extraction. Array-based CGH and genomic PCR were carried out with statistical analyses such as hierarchical clustering and Gene Ontology. The BAC array used in this study consisted of 1,440 human BACs, the space among the clones were approximately 2.08 megabase (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS: All of 15 cases of cervical cancer showed specific gains and losses. The analysis limit of average gains and losses was 53%. A significant positive correlation was found between 1p36.32, 3p14.2, 3q27.1, 7p21.1, 8q24.3 and 11q13.1 changes through the cervical carcinogenesis. The high-level of gain regions, BAC clones encoded GSDMDC1, RECQL4, TP73, ABCF3, ALG3, HDAC9, ESRRA and RPS6KA4 genes. Frequently gained BAC clones encoded genes were PRSS8, FUS, COL18A1, PCOLN3, MAFG and ASPSCR1. The genes encoded by frequently lost BAC clones were PTPRG, GRM7, ZDHHC3, EXOSC7, LRP1B and NR3C2. Also, hierarchical clustering of the expression data readily distinguished genomic alterations in cervical cancer. A subset of cellular processes from each gene was clustered by Gene Ontology database. CONCLUSION: Using Array-CGH, genomic alterations related to cervical cancer were identified to determine whether induction of chromosomal imbalances occurs prior to carcinogenesis. The high resolution of array-CGH combined with human genome database would give a chance to find out possible target genes present in the gained or lost clones.
Carcinogenesis ; Chloroform ; Clone Cells ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Digestion ; DNA ; Endopeptidase K ; Gene Ontology ; Genes, Suppressor ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Molecular Biology ; Oncogene Proteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seoul ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*