The characteristics of craniofacial complex mere different from each individual, based on age, sex, size, race and environmental factors. This study was undertaken to find out the sexual and racial difference of the craniofacial complex using lateral cephalometrics and previous studies. The material of this study was lateral cephalometric radiograms, obtained from 100 Korean adults (50 males and 50 females) ranged 20 to 27 years old, who have normal occlusion and pleasing profile. The results obtained from this study there as follows : 1. The mean values in the craniofacial complex of some Korean adults pith normal occlusion mere established. 2. The maxillae of female subjects there more protrusive than those of males. 3. In size the craniofacial complex, the male subjects were greater than females. 4. In position of upper and lower incisors, the male subjects there more protrusive than females. 5. In ratios between anterior and posterior facial height, the male subjects mere higher than females. 6. The upper incisors of some Korean adults mere relatively more protrusive than those of the other ethnic groups.
Adult* ; Continental Population Groups ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Maxilla

A clinical study of traumatic amputation by railroad accidents was made an 124 patients with 154 amputee, who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Seoul Hospital, during the 4 years period from January 1976 to December 1979. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The ratio of male to female was 9 to 1. The 3rd decade of age group showed the hightest number of accident causalties, as much as 37.1%. 2. Causalties showes a maximum during the sprlng (37.1%) and a minimum during winter. 3. The most common injured sites of the amputee were B–K in 44 cases among 154 cases of the amputee. 4. Considering the number of the multiple amputee in 26 casee among 124 cases, frequently they developed in 2 sites with 22 cases, 3 sites with 4 cases. 5. The frequent fracture sites with combined amputation were 18 cases of the pelvic bone, 12 cases of femur in amputation of the lower extremity. 6. Our methods of treatment were debridement, debridement and primary skin closure, debridement with open amputation, circular amputation, closed amputation with skin graft, and closed amputation. 7. The major complications were phantom limb in 108 cases (70.1%), infection in 44 cases (28.6%). 8. The most frequent infectious agent was pseudomonas (16 cases).
Amputation ; Amputation, Traumatic ; Amputees ; Clinical Study ; Debridement ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Pelvic Bones ; Phantom Limb ; Pseudomonas ; Railroads ; Seoul ; Skin ; Transplants

No Abstract Available.

Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus(ILVEN) is a rare variant of epidermal nevus characterized by an early age of onset, an unilateral pruritic inflammatory psoriasiform lesion, and relative refractoriness to treatment. It has been reported that ILVEN mainly occur in the lower extremities but develop in the upper extremities, neck and trunk. Herein, we present a case of ILVEN occurring in the left temporal scalp of a 32-year-old woman which, in our review of literature, has not been reported as a development site.
Adult ; Age of Onset ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Neck ; Nevus ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn* ; Scalp* ; Upper Extremity

The purpose of this study was to investigate kinetics of the osteblast cell lineage in the periosteum and endosteum according to different distraction rates in callotasis of rats' Tibiae. 120 rats underwent osteotomy at the proximal metaphysio-diaphyseal junction of the left tibia for callotasis. Lengthening was started with varying distraction rates of 0.25 mm (group I), 0.5 mm (group II), 0.75 mm (group III), 1.0 mm (group IV) until 3.5 mm length gain was achieved. The animals that had osteotomy alone without lengthening served as a control(group V). Immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), osteocalcin and transglutaminase C(TGase C) were done on the four animals on each group sacrified at post-distraction 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 days in order to observe the temporal changes among the experimental and control groups. At each examination, radiographic and histological studies were also done in order to correlate the immunohistochemical findings. The results obtained are summarized as follow; 1. The staining rate of PCNA was highest at the early distraction(day 1) phase and subsequently decreased in all groups. The staining rate of the cells in the periosteum was significantly higher than that of the cells in the endosteum (p < 0.01). 2. The expression rates of osteocalcin in the periosteum of all groups were significantly higer than those in the endosteum (p < 0.01). 3. The expression rates of TGase C in the periosteum of all groups were significantly higer than those in the endosteum (p < 0.05). 4. Radiological and histological studies revealed that successful regenerate bone healing was achieved in groups, I, II and III but not complete in group IV. In conclusion, immunohistochemical study on callotasis of rats' tibiae revealed that the osteoblast cell lineage in the periosteum is more activated than that in the endosteum for proliferation and differentiation by distraction, suggesting that the periosteum plays a more important role in neo-osteo-genesis in the distraction gap. Daily distraction rate range of 0.25 mm to 0.75 mm in two increments is the appropriate for successful distraction osteogenisis of rat's tibia, but the rate of 0.25 mm a day is significantly better than that of 0.75 mm upon immunohistochemical observation.
Animals ; Cell Lineage ; Kinetics ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Osteotomy ; Periosteum ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Rats ; Tibia

The purpose of this paper is to review the colonofiberscopic findings in the 21 patients with tuberculous colitis, diagnosed by colonofiberscopic findings including histopathology and by follow-up observation after anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. The results are as follows: 1) The male to female ratio was l. 33(R:4) and the average age of the patiets were 34. 9 years in men and women respectively. 2) The chief complaints were abdominal pain in 15 cases(71.4%), diarrhea in 14(66.7%), weight loss in 12(57. 1%), anorexia in 8(38, 1%), and so on. 3) Anemia and an increase in ESR were major abnormalities in hemogram. 4) On the chest X-ray examination, 65% of the cases showed active tuberculous lesions and the barium enema disclosed the changes suggesting tuberculous colitis in 52. 6% of the cases. 5) On colonofiberscopy 8 cases were ulcerative, 6 were hypertropbic and 7 were ulcerohypertrophic. 6) Histopathologic examination of the biopsy material from the colonofiberscopy revealed granulomata with caseation necrosis in 2 cases, granulomata without caseation necrosis in 8 cases, and the findings of chronic inflammation in 11 cases. 7) This study suggests importance of colonoscopic examination including histopathologic study of the biopsy material in the diagnosis of tuberculous colitis. The diagnostic efficieocy would be much improved if bacteriological examinations of the specimen could be developed.
Abdominal Pain ; Anemia ; Anorexia ; Barium ; Biopsy ; Colitis* ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Drug Therapy ; Enema ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Necrosis ; Thorax ; Ulcer ; Weight Loss

Lipoblastoma is a benign tumor which frequently arises in the limbs but rarely in the mediastinum, and is common in children under the age of three years. We report a case of mediastinal lipoblastoma in a 27-month-old female child complaining of dyspnea. Plain radiography demonstrated a huge well-defined mass in the me-diastinum, while CT scanning revealed a soft tissue mass with an internal hypodense portion. When radi-ographic images in children under the age of three reveal a soft tissue mass with a fat component in the mediastinum, especially where there is no calcification or a cystic component, lipoblastoma should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dyspnea ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoblastoma* ; Mediastinum ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Smooth muscle cell, the main contractile-relaxing component of the corpora cavernosa, undergoes degenerative changes when the blood supply of the corpora cavernosa is disturbed and results in erectile dysfunction. Recently, the main cause of venogenic erectile dysfunction has also been reported to be a corporal veno-occulsive dysfunction that develops following the disturbance of physiologic relaxation of the smooth muscle cell of the corpora cavernosa by degenerative and fibrotic change. The outcome of corrective vascular surgeries for both the arteriogenic and venogenic impotence is not so promising so far. The ultrastructural changes of the corporeal smooth muscle cells in 21 arteriogenic, 3 venogenic and 11 diabetogenic impotent men together with 8 psychogenic impotent patients as a control group were compared each other to investigate the pathogenesis of the erectile dysfunction on morphologic basis and validity of the corrective vascular surgery for the vasculogenic impotence. The results were as follows 1. In the psychogenic impotence, the smooth muscle cells showed well preserved contractile filament and dense body. either evenly distributed or conglomated glycogen without thickening of the basal lamina. 2. In the arteriogenic impotence, nearly half of the cases we examined smooth muscle cells showed degenerative changes with thickening of the basal lamina in part, and showed a paucity or the dense bodies and contractile filaments, decreased glycogen comparing to the smooth muscle cells of the psychogenic impotence. 3. In the venogenic impotence, the smooth muscle cells showed marked atrophy and disorganization in addition the thickening of basal lamina. 4. Also in the diabetogenic impotence, the smooth muscle cells showed similar changes to those of the arteriogenic impotence and particularly the basal lamina was more remarkably thickened. It is concluded that the degenerative and fibrotic changes could be a primary. or secondary cause of the venogenic, arteriogenic and diabetogenic impotence, and therefore biopsy of the corpora may be considered to select proper patients before the corrective vascular surgeries and to enhance their success rates.
Atrophy ; Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Female ; Glycogen ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle* ; Relaxation

To know the pattern of visual field (VF) defect of low tension glaucoma (LTG), its diffuse and localized VF defects were compared using the significance values (p-value) of mean deviation (MD) and corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD), which are calculated with STATPAC in Humphrey Visual Field Analyser. Sixteen eyes of LTG were enrolled and 34 eyes of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were used as controls. The degree of VF defects in LTG and POAG was relatively mild with the p-value of MD equal to or greater than 1%. Neither mean MD nor mean CPSD of LTG was significantly different from each of POAG (p > 0.8 and p > 0.2, respectively). Comparing the p-values of MD and CPSD, many patients showed more significant p-value of MD in LTG and POAG (62.5% and 61.8%, respectively). However, relatively more severe defect of CPSD tended to occur more frequently in LTG than in POAG (25% and 5.9%, respectively, chi-square = 4.964, p < 0.09). The relation between p-values of MD and CPSD was not significantly influenced by the intraocular pressure, MD or vertical cup to disc ratio in either LTG or POAG.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*pathology/physiopathology ; Humans ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Disk/*pathology ; Probability ; Vision Disorders/*pathology ; *Visual Fields

The effect of a secretory proteinase from the pathogenic amoebae Acanthamoeba castellanii on hosts defense-oriented or regulatory proteins such as immunoglobulins, interleukin-1, and protease inhibitors was investigated. The enzyme was found to degrade secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), IgG, and IgM. It also degraded interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and IL-1beta. Its activity was not inhibited by endogenous protease inhibitors, such as alpha2-macroglobulin, alpha1-trypsin inhibitor, and alpha2-antiplasmin. Furthermore, the enzyme rapidly degraded those endogenous protease inhibitors as well. The degradation of hosts defense-oriented or regulatory proteins by the Acanthamoeba proteinase suggested that the enzyme might be an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba infection.
Acanthamoeba/*enzymology/pathogenicity ; Animals ; Endopeptidases/*physiology ; Immunoglobulins/*metabolism ; Interleukin-1/*metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/*metabolism ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Virulence