PURPOSE: To evaluate the relibility of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) to define adult female genital organ and to diagnose and stage the cervical carcinomas. METHODS AND MATERIALS: After analysis of normal ultrasonographic anatomy of female pelvis in ten healthy women, I performed TRUS in thirty patients of uterine cervical carcinomas by rotating the 5 MHz electronic linear array transducer(SL2, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) along the reference sagittal plane in the middle of uterine cervix & vagina. The results of TRUS were analyzed and compared to FIGO, surgical pathology, CT and MRT, ect. RESULTS: TRUS allowed good visualization of the uterus, uterine cervix, parametrium, vagina, anterior rectal wall, walls of the urinary bladder, and uterine cervical carcinomas. The accuracy of staging with TRUS was 83%, compared with the accuracy of 67% for clinical staging according to the criteria of the International Federation of Gynecotogy and Obstetrics(FIGO). For extent of parametrial involvement, the sensitivity of TRUS was 93%, with the specificity of 86% and the diagnostic accuracy of 89%. The same reliability parameters for clinical evaluation were 71%, 79%, and 75% respectively. CONCLUSION: Above findings suggest that low-cost TRUS could be usefully applied to pretreatment evaluation of patients with uterine cervical carcinoma.
Adult ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Pathology, Surgical ; Pelvis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterus ; Vagina

Sixty male patients with polysomnographically documented OSA were included in this study. A pair of cephalograrns were obtained in the upright and supine positions. In the supine position, the ANB angle, lower facial height and the cross-sectional area of soft palate increased and there was a decrease in the vertical airway length and oropharynx cross-sectional area. Positional changes did not affect the cross-sectional area of tongue, but the cross-sectional area of the oropharynx decreased in the supine position. The obese group had higher AI and RDI. Maxillary unit length, C3-H, the cross-sectional areas of tongue, soft palate and oropharynx were significantly greater in the group Obese than in non-obese group. No correlation was noted between the mandibular unit length and OSA severity. The group of small mandibular unit length showed shorter lower facial height and maxillary unit length, and smaller cross-sectional area of tongue than the long mandibular unit length group. Hyold bone positioned more inferiorly and cross-sectional area of nasopharynx decreased as the OSA severity increased.
Cephalometry ; Humans ; Male ; Nasopharynx ; Obesity ; Oropharynx ; Palate, Soft ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Supine Position* ; Tongue

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To correlate the CT findings of renal cell carcinomas with nuclear grading in histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative CT scans and pathologic nuclear grading of 60 surgically resected renal cell carcinomas in 55 patients were retrospectively and independently reviewed. RESULTS: As nuclear grade increased, renal cell carcinomas were more likely to be of higher stage(92% of nuclear grade III renal cell carcinomas was of stage Ill, all Grade IV tumors were of stage IIIb or higher) and greater size(84% of grade III tumors and 100% of grade IV tumors>5cm in size) at presentation, and appeared more heterogeneous(84% of grade III tumors and 88% of grade IV tumors showed moderate or severe heterogeneity) and less well marginated(84% of grade Ill tumors and 100% of grade IV tumors had irregular or imperceptible margins). CONCLUSION: Small well-marginated homogeneous renal cell carcinomas were either nuclear grade I or II, and were distinguishable from the more aggressive nuclear grade III or IV lesions, which generally displayed irregular margins and greater inhomogeneity.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of endorectal surface coil magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in local staging of prostate carcinoma which is important to determine the method of therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endorectal surface coil prostate MR imaging was performed in 82 patients who received radical prostatectomy and comparatively analyzed with the pathologic findings. Multi-coil array technique with endorectal balloon coil and phased array coil in anterior pelvic wall was often applied. After localization with WARPSPGR Iocal izer (flip angle:30 degrees), the prostate images were acquired with FOV 10--12cm, 3--4mm slice thickness, 2 NEX, 256) < 128 matrix (fast spin echo=FSE:256X256, Echo train 16) by 1. 5T GE Signa. T1 and T2 weighted axial spin echo or FSE, with or without sagittal and/or coronal FSE were obtained. RESULTS: MR imaging using endorectal coil had 82% of (87% if 5 underestimated cases of microscopic capsular or seminal vesicular invasion are excluded) accuracy in the differentiation of intraprostatic carcinomas from those with extracapsular extension. In preoperative MR diagnosis of stage B carcinoma, the sensitivity was 79% and the specificity was 75%. CONCLUSION: MR imaging using endorectal surface coil with or without multi-coil array technique is considered to be the method of choice in the determination of the local extent of prostatic carcinoma.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prostate* ; Prostatectomy ; Sensitivity and Specificity

In order to compare the changes of dentofacial skeleton, teeth and soft tissue profile in Class I malocclusion patients treated with and without extraction, cephalometric radiographs were taken in 22 female patients as extraction group and 23 female as nonextraction group who were treated in the Department of Orthodontics in Chonnam National University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1. At the beginning of treatment, average age was 19.0 years in extraction group and 15.9 years in nonextraction group. Duration of treatment was 2.8 years in extraction group and 1.7 years in nonextraction group. 2. Before treatment, there were significant difference between 2 groups in the amount of protrusion and proclination in upper and lower central incisor and lower lip protrusion. After treatment, these differences were decreased. 3. In comparison before and after treatment in extraction group, upper and lower central incisor protrusion and lower lip protrusion were significantly improved. In nonextraction group, retrusion and improvement of inclination of upper and lower central incisor were not found.
Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Jeollanam-do ; Lip ; Malocclusion ; Orthodontics ; Overbite ; Skeleton ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To determine the reliability of sonourethrog raphy (SUG) in the evaluation of male anterior urethral strictures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both SUG with retrograde saline infusion and retrograde urethrography (RUG) were performed in 5 young normal volunteers and 20 patients with symptoms of impaired urine flow. Those findings were compared with urethroscopic and operative findings in all patients. RESULTS: SUG was more accurate in the evaluation of the stricture length and degree than RUG in 7 patients with anterior urethral strictures, when compared with their subsequent open urethroplasty findings. Only SUG could classify the degree of spongiofibrosis surrounding the strictures in 15 patients. So, SUG was diagnostically as efficacious as or, superior to, RUG in all 20 patients. CONCLUSION: SUG can be used as one of complementary and reliable tools for diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of anterior urethral strictures.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Urethral Stricture*

We report 10 kidney-allografted patients treated for 11 ureteral strictures with standard endourologic ballon catheter dilatation and internal stenting between August 1979. They have been followed until 2 to 140 months (mean 42). We compared and alalyzed the 6 successful strictures(54%) and 5 unsuccessful strictures. There was no statistically significant difference of demographic, clinical and radiologic interventional techniques between two groups. But there was slightly higher success rate in abruptly narrowed shorter fibrotic strictures in ureteroneocystostomy sites than smoothly tapered longer ones in other sites of the ureter. Longterm stenting by the transplantation team with cystoscopic removal of internal ureteral stents by urologists resulted in 3 cases of stent occlusion, encrustation or fracture. Exact early diagnosis of ureteral structure with continued close follow up and proper radiologic interventional procedure with optimal stenting period may increase the success rate and still provide an alternative to surgery.
Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Dilatation* ; Early Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Stents ; Ureter*

The characteristics of craniofacial complex mere different from each individual, based on age, sex, size, race and environmental factors. This study was undertaken to find out the sexual and racial difference of the craniofacial complex using lateral cephalometrics and previous studies. The material of this study was lateral cephalometric radiograms, obtained from 100 Korean adults (50 males and 50 females) ranged 20 to 27 years old, who have normal occlusion and pleasing profile. The results obtained from this study there as follows : 1. The mean values in the craniofacial complex of some Korean adults pith normal occlusion mere established. 2. The maxillae of female subjects there more protrusive than those of males. 3. In size the craniofacial complex, the male subjects were greater than females. 4. In position of upper and lower incisors, the male subjects there more protrusive than females. 5. In ratios between anterior and posterior facial height, the male subjects mere higher than females. 6. The upper incisors of some Korean adults mere relatively more protrusive than those of the other ethnic groups.
Adult* ; Continental Population Groups ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Maxilla

PURPOSE: To define the histologic correlation of the ultrsonic gastric wall layers of resected human gastric specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: UItrasound images of the gastric wall by using 5 or 7.5 MHz linear transducer were compared with the corresponding histologic sections of 30 surgically resected human gastric specimens. RESULTS: Five layers seen from within on ultrasound images of the normal gastric wall corresponded to (1) the acoustic interface between fluid bathing the surgical specimen and the mucosal surface and a portion of the superficial mucosa, (2) the deep mucosa including the muscularis mucosae and most of the superficial mucosa, (3) the submucosa plus the acoustic interface between the submucosa and the muscularis propria, (4) the muscularis propria minus the acoustic interface between the submucosa and the muscularis propria, and (5) the serosa and the subserosal tissue plus the acoustic interface between the serosa and the fluid bathing the surgical specimen. Ultrasonic findings in gastric carcinomas corresponded to their histopathologic findings. CONCLUSION: Histologic correlation of the ultrasonic gastric wall layers will provide us with a very useful and objective basis of gastric ultrasonography.
Acoustics ; Baths ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Serous Membrane ; Transducers ; Ultrasonics* ; Ultrasonography