BACKGROUND: The paired vestibular end organs lie within the semicircular canal of the inner ear in the temporal bones. It plays a role on the control of posture through the vestibuloocular reflex and the vestibulo-spinal reflex. Motion sickness-like symptoms induced by the abnormal stimulation of the vestibular system suggested that the vestibular system participate in the autonomic nervous function. The present study was carried out to determine the role of the vestibular system on the control of blood pressure by way of the autonomic nervous system. METHODS: Blood pressure was measured by means of pressure transducer during stimulation of the vestibular system or following bilateral labyrinthectomies in Sprague-Dawley rats weighing from 200 to 300g. RESULTS: 1) Blood pressure was elevated by electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve. 2) Also, the pressure was elevated when the vestibular system was excited or inhibited by rotatory stimulation or galvanic stimulation. 3) The pattern of elevation in blood pressure which induced by electrical stimulation of the vestibular nucleus showed a dynamic response at stimulation frequency of 200Hz and a static response at 50Hz. 4) Elevation of blood pressure induced by vestibular sitmulation was more inhibited following bilateral cervical sympathectomies than following bilateral vagotomies. 5) Decreasing the blood pressure induced by positional change of the body was reinforced following bilateral labyrinthectomies. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the vestibular system plays a role on the control of blood pressure by way of the autonomic nervous system as well as on the control of posture, therefore, the vestibular system prevents blood pressure from decreasing by positional change of the body.
Animals ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Blood Pressure* ; Ear, Inner ; Electric Stimulation ; Posture ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex ; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular ; Semicircular Canals ; Sympathectomy ; Temporal Bone ; Transducers, Pressure ; Vagotomy ; Vestibular Nerve

While lipomas are common in the rest of the body, intracranial lipomas are rare condition which are usually found in the midline of the brain. The majority of these lesions show few or even no symptoms and hardly ever produce alarming neurological defects. We experienced a case of corpus callosum lipoma in a 7 year old boy, who has had headache and loss of consciousness twice. He was diagnosed by skull x-rays and brain CT. We made a brief review of literatures. @PG 428.
Brain ; Child ; Corpus Callosum ; Headache ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Male ; Skull ; Unconsciousness

Regionalization of high-risk perinatal care has been advocated because intensive care for small and ill newborn infants lowers mortality and morbidity. This report is based on analysis of admissions to the Neonatal Intensive Care unit (NICU) at the Wonju christian Hospital during the 4-year period from January, 1988 to December, 1991. There were 786 inborn infants and 1155 outborn infants admitted to the NICU. The results of our study follow; 1) Mean gestational ages were 36.8 weeks in inborn infants and 39.0 weeks in outborn infants. Mean birth weight was 2.5kg in inborn and 3.0kg in outborn infants. 2) The high-risk maternal factors, such as cesarian section delivery, eclampsia, preeclampsia, multiple pregnancy and placental anomaly were significantly more frequent in inborn infants than in outborn infants. 3) Perinatal sphyxia, HMD and transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) were more common in inborn than in outborn infants, but pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome, and seizure were more common in outborn infants. 4) The positivity of bacterial cultures in blood and urine was higher in outborn infants than in inborn infants. The most frequently isolated microorganism was staphylococcus species in both inborn and outborn infants. 5) Hospital days, duration of TPN, duration of mechanical ventilation, frequency of seizure, and frequency of transfusion were longer or more frequent in inborn than in outborn infants. 6) Mortality rate was higher in inborn infants than in outborn infants. 7) In outborn infants, mortality rate was higher in infants whose transporting time was longer than 2 hours than for infants within 2 hour distances. However, this difference was not statistically significant. 8) These findings suggest that many lower birth weight and severly ill infants were not transported to the NICU of Wonju Christian Hospital perhaps due to poor transport systems, distance or socio-economic status. In conclusion, the improvement of transporting systems and socio-economic conditions will be required within this region.
Birth Weight ; Eclampsia ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Mortality ; Perinatal Care ; Pneumonia ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Respiration, Artificial ; Seizures ; Staphylococcus ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

Bone remodeling in response to force requires coordinated actions of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and periodontal ligament cells. Coordination among these cells may be mediated, in part, by cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions. This study was designed to evaluate the expression of gap junction, connection 43 in periodontal tissue during the experimental movement of rat's incisors, by LSAB(labelled streptavidine biotin) immunohistochemical staining for connexin 43. Twenty seven Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group(3 rats), and 6 experimental groups(24 rats) where 75g of force was applied from helical springs across the maxillary incisors. Rats of experimental groups were sacrificed at 12 hours, 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after force application, respectively. And the tissues of a control group and experimental groups were studied immunohistochemically. The results were as follows : 1. In control group, the expression of connexin 43 was rare in gingiva, dentin, cementum, periodontal ligament, and bone cells. 2. In experimental group, the expression of connexin 43 was increased in pulp, periodontal ligament, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, comparing to that in control. And it was rare in gingiva, dentin, and odontoblasts regardless of the duration of force application, which was not different from that of control group. 3. The expression of connexin 43 in pulp of experimental group began to increase in 4-day after force application and got to the highest degree at 7-day. And it decreased after 14-day to be similar to that of control group at 28-day. 4. The expression of connexin 43 in periodontal ligament was noted in small capillaries adjacent to alveolar bone, showing higher intensity of immunolabelling after 4-day. And it was stronger in the pressure side than in tension side of periodontal ligament. After 7-day, decrease in connexin 43 expression was observed. 5. The expression of connexin 43 in alveolar bone began to increase 1-day, reached to the highest degree at 4-day, and decreased at 7-day. And the expression in osteoclasts was more than that in osteoblasts or osteocyte at 7-day.
Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; Capillaries ; Connexin 43* ; Dental Cementum ; Dentin ; Gap Junctions ; Gingiva ; Incisor ; Odontoblasts ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteocytes ; Periodontal Ligament ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptavidin ; Tooth Movement* ; Tooth*

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the most common cause of death among patients with infectious disease in Korea. However, studies of pneumonia with septic shock in patients presenting to the emergency department are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors associated with pneumonia with septic shock in patients presenting to the emergency department. METHODS: From January 2008 to September 2014, patients with pneumonia with septic shock admitted through the emergency department were retrospectively examined. RESULTS: Of the 561,845 patients who visited the emergency department, 398 were admitted for pneumonia with septic shock. The 28-day mortality rate in these patients was 36.4%. The independent prognostic factors were old age (>70 yrs) (odds ratio [OR], 2.42; 95%, confidence interval [CI], 1.35-4.32), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08), leukopenia (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.48-8.94), prolonged PT-INR (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.41-4.54), and hypoxemia (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.30-6.38). CONCLUSIONS: A poor prognosis of patients with pneumonia is associated with old age (>70 yrs), increased APACHE II score, leukopenia, prolonged PT-INR, and hypoxemia.
Anoxia ; APACHE ; Cause of Death ; Communicable Diseases ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukopenia ; Mortality ; Pneumonia* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Septic*

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome(EDS) is an inherited disorder of the connective tissue disease that is usually transmitted as autosomal dominant trait. The defect in the biogenesis of collagen results in varying degree of skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, skin fragility and bruising. There have been several reports of cardiac or great vessel abnormalities in patients with the EDS. A 45-year-old Woman was admitted to Maryknoll hospital because of orthopnea, palpitation and epigastric discomfort. Physical examination reveals multiple variable sized bruises and increased hyperelasticity on skin, and hypermobile joint in knee and proximal interphalanges of both hands. Mitral valvular prolapse and atrial septal defect were detected by echocardiography. We report a case of EDS accompanied by mitral valvular prolapse and ostium secundum atral septal defect with brief review of literature.
Organelle Biogenesis ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Contusions ; Echocardiography ; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome* ; Female ; Hand ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; Joints ; Knee ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination ; Prolapse* ; Skin

The influence of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coating on the bone response of titanium implants was investigated two types of titanium implants, i.e. as -machined ,as -machined with Ca-P coating, were prepared. The Ca-P coating produced by OCT Inc technique. These implants were inserted into the left and right femur of beagle dog. After implantation periods of 3 days, 1weeks, weeks, 4weeks, 8weeks, 12weeks, 24weeks, the bone-implant interface was evaluated histologically, histomorphometrically, and removal torque. Histological evaluation revealed no new bone formation around different implant materials after 2weeks of implantation. After 4 weeks, Ca-P coated implants showed a higher amount of bone contact than either of the non coated implants. After 12weeks, bone healing was almost completed. And implant were removed by reverse torque rotation with torque-measuring device. Mean torque values for 4weeks control were 2.375Kgf.cm and experimental were 2.725Kgf.cm. And mean torque values for 8weeks control were 1.25Kgf.cm and experimental were 1.0Kgf.cm On the basis of these findings, we concluded that deposition of a Ca-P coating on an implant has a beneficial effect on the bone response to this implant during the healing phase. Besides implant surface conditions the bone response is also determined by local implant site condition.
Animals ; Calcium* ; Dogs* ; Femur ; Osseointegration* ; Osteogenesis ; Titanium ; Torque

Safety and effect of intraocular lens implantation in pediatric cataract patients were studied. And properness of intraocular lens along postoperative refractive changes was evaluated. In the department of ophthalmology, Yeung-Nam University college of medicine, twenty-eight patients were performed lens aspiration with intraocular lens implantation for pediatric cataract from May 1992 to October 1996. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, refractive power and postoperative complication along operative methods were evaluated, retrospectively. After follow up period of 6-30 months(mean 17.7 months), visual improvement more than 2 lines was noted 28 eyes(77.8%) by Hahns visual acuity chart. The trends of myopic shift had no significance in statistically, it is proper that we selected intraocular lens power adjust to emmetropia in over 3 years old patients. The difference between preoperative and postoperative refractive power measured within 0 and -2 Diopters in 30 eyes(83%). Aimed intraocular lens power was calculated by using SRK/T fomula for emmetropia and adjustment for refractive error of fellow eye. Best corrected vision was obtained after medical treatment of amblyopia.
Amblyopia ; Cataract* ; Child, Preschool ; Emmetropia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Ophthalmology ; Postoperative Complications ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Catheters* ; Dilatation* ; Esophageal Stenosis*

PURPOSE: We report the results of microvascular anastomosis using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty cases (12 patients) of venous anastomoses performed using a coupler system were examined. The patients' age, gender, preoperative diagnosis, donor tissue, vessel diameters, size of coupler, time for anastomosis, patency rate immediately after surgery and the final survival rate of the transferred tissue were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean time for anastomosis using the coupler system was 3 min and 15 sec. The immediate patency rate after anastomosis was 100% without any leakage of blood or thrombus formation. At the final follow up, the transferred tissue survived in all cases. CONCLUSION: Microvascular anastomosis using a coupler system in orthopaedic reconstructive surgery can shorten the vascular anastomosis time and significantly reduce the total ischemic time of the transferred tissue. This system can be easily used after a short training period. This system minimizes the intimal damage of the vessel, easily overcomes the diameter discrepancy and provides secure fixation at the anastomosis site. This system can be a good strategy for substituting the conventional suture anastomosis.
Follow-Up Studies ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Survival Rate ; Sutures ; Thrombosis ; Tissue Donors