OBJECTIVE: To assess the association with autoimmune endocrine diseases and detection rate of autoimmune antibodies and its clinical significance in patients with premature ovarian failure. METHODS: Twenty eight patients with primary or secondary amenorrhea manifesting hormonal and clinical features of premature ovarian failure (primary POF: 7, secondary POF: 21) were investigated. We tested them TFT, 75 g OGTT, ACTH and S-cortisol for thyroiditis, IDDM, Addison's disease, and antithyoglobulin antibody, antimicrosomal antibody, antinuclear antibody, rheumatic factor, anti-smooth muscle antibody, anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody for non-organ specific autoimmune disorders. RESULTS: Only one patient was diagnosed as IDDM and no patients had abnormal TFT or adrenal function test. More than one kind of autoantibody was detected in 11 patients of all (39.2%): 5 patients (71.4%) of primary POF group and 6 patients (21.4%) of secondary POF group. Eleven patients (39.3%) had antithyroglobulin antibody, 4 (14.3%) had antimicrosomal antibody, 2 (7.1%) had antinuclear antibody, 2 (7.1%) had rheumatic factor, 1 (3.6%) had anti-smooth muscle antibody, 1 (3.6%) had anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody. CONCLUSIONS: Premature ovarian failure may occur as a component of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, so patients should be measured with free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, fasting glucose and electrolytes. Measurement of thyroid autoantibodies in POF patients may be important in identifying patients at risk of developing overt hypothyoidism, but other autoantibodies may not be suitable for screening test.
Addison Disease ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Amenorrhea ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Autoantibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Electrolytes ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency* ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine

PURPOSE: Penile size has been a focus of interest in the life and the culture throughout human history. It has been a longstanding question whether there is any relation between penile size and the dimensions of body extremities. We measured the standard length of the penis and investigate whether any body extremity is a predictive index of penile size in Korea men. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A series of 655 males above 17 years of age were examined during a 4-month period. Stretched penile length, penile circumference, and length and characteristics of various body parts and features (1st finger, 2nd finger, 3rd finger, 1st toe, 2nd toe, 3rd toe, ear, mouth, nose, height, weight, and baldness) were investigated by one examiner. To see the relation among the penile length and circumference and various body dimensions, univariate and multivariate statistical methods such as correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were applied. RESULTS: The mean values standard deviations were 46.6 +/- 18.4 for age, 10.0 +/- 2.0 cm for the length of the penis, and 8.5 +/- 1.0 cm for the circumference of the penis. In a correlation coefficient analysis, the length of the penis was slightly correlated with penile circumference. Additionally, the circumference of the penis was slightly correlated with penile length, patient height, weight, and 3rd toe and 1st toe length, in decreasing order. In a multivariate analysis, the coefficients of determination from multiple linear regression were 13% and 15% for the length and the circumferences of the penis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Human body index including the size or characteristics of body extremities is not enough to predict the penile size.
Ear ; Extremities ; Fingers ; Human Body ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Male ; Mouth ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nose ; Penis ; Toes

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP) is a rare, distinctive cutsneous tumor originating in the dermis that appears as a raised uninodular or multinodular lesion on the trunk or the proximal extremities. In about 10% of the cases, DFSP arises in childhood and it is rarely evident already at birth. Histopathologically, DFSP shows the chsracteristic storiform and cartwheel patterns, with the fibroblasts arranged radially about a small central hub of fibrous tissue. We report herein a case of childhood DFSP in a 7-year-old boy.
Child ; Dermatofibrosarcoma* ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Male ; Parturition

Hematuria is a common laboratory finding in clinical practice, occurring mostly in the kidneys. However, it can occur in the rest of the urinary system, including the ureters, bladder, and urethra, as well as in the prostate in men. This paper will discuss cases of hematuria observed in various diseases, especially kidney disease.Current Concepts: Hematuria is diagnosed when three or more red blood cells are found in a high-power field microscopic urinalysis. Identifying urine sediment is critical in differentiating between glomerular and nonglomerular hematuria, classified according to location. If hematuria is accompanied by proteinuria, dysmorphic red blood cells, or cellular casts in urine microscopy, as well as hypertension or renal function decline, glomerular disease may be present; thus, a nephrologist should be consulted. Hematuria is also observed in renal vascular diseases, including renal infarction, renal artery dissection, and nutcracker syndrome. In polycystic kidney disease, hematuria may present in combination with renal stones or malignancy. Diabetic nephropathy can manifest hematuria, which is a negative prognosticator of end-stage kidney disease.Discussion and Conclusion: Hematuria is a laboratory finding for various diseases, and appropriate diagnosis and treatment should be provided according to its clinical features.

No abstract available.
Surgery, Oral* ; Transplants* ; Veins*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*

Pulmonary Embolism, one of the causes of maternal death, is a life threatening disease that needs early and accurate diagnosis. We have exprerienced a case of a fatal pulmonary embolism which was diagnosed by lung perfusion scan on the postoperative 1 day after cesarean delivery and was managed with heparin therapy. We present this case with a brief review of literatures.
Diagnosis ; Heparin ; Lung ; Maternal Death ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Embolism*

Kaposi's sarcoma was first descrided by Kaposi in 1872 as an idiopathic multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma. Its clinical features revealed to be erythematous red or purple macule started out, and developing into palpable dome-shaped nodules. Etiology is not defined to detail at present. Kaposi's sarcoma is classified to 4 categories; Classical, African, Epidemic and Transplant type. Epidemic or AIDS categories is found approximately 20 % of all AIDS and has strong predilection for head and neck region. The first case of Kaposi's sarcoma observed in patients with kidney transplants was reported in 1969. Kaposi's sarcoma now accounts for 5% of all tumors associated with transplanted patients and alteration of the immunosuppression may have played a key role in these recipients. The most common site of Kaposi's sarcoma in transplanted patients are extremities but rare in head and neck area. We report a case of Kaposi's sarcoma on the hard palate in the kidney transplantation patient.
Extremities ; Head ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Mouth* ; Neck ; Palate, Hard ; Sarcoma ; Sarcoma, Kaposi*

Clonidine, an 2 agonist, has been shown to be effective as preanesthetic medication in adults. To evaluate the effects of clonidine on the sedation and cardiovascular changes induced by intubation, we administered clonidine (2.0-2.5g/kg, 4.5-5.0g/kg, peros) 90-120min before induction of anesthesia. We measured heart rate, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure before premedication, before induction, after intubation and 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after intubation and evaiuated sedative sction before induction. The results are as follows: 1) Before intubation heart rate decreased significantly in both clonidine groups compared with diazepam group (P<0.05). 2) Before intubation clonidine 4.5-5.0g/kg group produced a significant reduction in systolic pressure compared with diazepam group (P<0.05). 3) After intubation systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased in all group but the increasing rate was significently less then in clonidine 4.5-5.0g/kg group (P<0.05). 4) After intubstion the increase in heart rate in both clonidine groups were significsntly less than in diazepam group (P<0.005). 5) Sedative actions were not significantly different in all groups.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System* ; Clonidine* ; Diazepam ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intubation ; Preanesthetic Medication ; Premedication

A non-recurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare nerve anomaly that is associated with a developmentally aberrant subclavian artery. During thyroidectomy,this aberrant nerve may become inadvertently damaged, causing permanent ipsilateral vocal cord paralysis. However, it is possible to predict the presence of a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve by preoperative diagnosis of an aberrant subclavian artery. We report a case of thyroid surgery associated with a right non-recurrent laryngeal nerve that was unnoticed preoperatively in a CT scan of the neck, but was encountered incidentally during the thyroidectomy. The preoperative CT scan showed a retroesophageal aberrant right subclavian artery, but it was unnoticed. The female patient underwent a total thyroidectomy with central compartment node dissection for a thyroid cancer. The recurrent laryngeal nerve on the left side was identified, as was the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve on the right side. Postoperatively, the patient had normal vocal cord function. It is possible to predict preoperatively a right non-recurrent laryngeal nerve by identifying an aberrant right subclavian artery on the CT scan of the neck, which likely enables prevention of vocal cord paralysis.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Nerves* ; Neck ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Subclavian Artery ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; Vocal Cords