BACKGROUND: In spite of appropriate therapy and control for tuberculosis, the prevalence of tuberculosis is still frequent in Korea. Emerging infection and rapid detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are major interests in microbiologic laboratories. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) genotyping for molecular epidemiological characteristics of MDR-TB. METHODS: We analyzed 64 clinical strains of M. tuberculosis including 35 strains which showed resistance to one or more antimycobacterial drugs and M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294), as a drug-sensitive control strain. RAPD genotyping analysis was carried out under eight reaction conditions and using ten random primers (A-1245, AP-50, B-1245, DKU-44, DKU-49, Leg-1, INS-2, IS-986-FP, PF-15 and MBR). RESULTS: RAPD patterns using six primers (IS-986-FP, DKU-44, DKU-49, INS-2, B-1245, and AP-50) showed marked polymorphisms that were easier to discriminate than those with other primers. RAPD patterns represented various polymorphisms among 64 strains. However, RAPD could not discriminate MDR-TB strains from drug-sensitive ones. CONCLUSIONS: RAPD genotyping is assumed a preferable technique for discrimination among clinical strains of M. tuberculosis but not for specifying MDR-TB strains.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; DNA* ; Korea ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Prevalence ; Tuberculosis

In analyzing the postoperative results or evaluating the velopharyngeal incompetence after palatoplasty, speech evaluation is the inevitable factor. However, a standardized method for evaluating the speech problem in Korean cleft palate patients has not been available until now. So, the authors tried to establish a method of speech evaluation which is simple, economic and applicable to young patients, and to make a scoring method of the speech results in cleft palate patients based on the 'hypernasality diagnosing tool for cleft palate patient (OK Ran Jung)' which is commonly used by domestic speech therapists. The authors adopted the 'hypernasality diagnosing tool for cleft palate patients (OK Ran Jung)' male and female of children and adults, each consisting of 10 patients and make them speak according to the items about hypernasality and misarticulation evaluation, and record the results. We also calcuted the degree of the formants of the vowels (/a/, /o/, /u/)using sound spectrography. We examined the interjudge and intrajudge reliance of speech evaluation among the 10 inverstigators, revised the evaluation tool, devised the scoring method according to the above results, and compared the scoring results with those of sound spectrography to prove the reliance of our speech evaluation tool. With the scoring method, the authors could estimate the degree of hypemasality and misarticulation in cleft palate patients with evidence of reliability based on point-to-point agreement in two items. In comparing the results of our scoring method with the formant of vowels using sound spectrography, staistical significance existed except /u/F2 and that meant that our scoring method was reliable. We suggest that this simple, economic and reliable method of speech evaluation in cleft palate patients can create the basis for speech evaluation in patients of cleft palate and velopharyngeal incompetence under circumstances in which the results of various speech treatments are evaluated in comparison to various methods of speech evaluation.
Adult ; Articulation Disorders ; Child ; Cleft Palate* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Research Design ; Sound Spectrography ; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Many methods of correcting secondary cleft lip nose deformity have been introduced, but a single best method that can be uniformly adjusted for all cases does not exist. Since it is difficult to make the nostril of the cleft side symmetric with that of normal side, the authors tried to formulate the basis for correction of unilateral secondary cleft lip nose deformity according to the varying amounts of deformed nostril. We then adopted 4 different methods of correcting the soft tissue and nostril deformity in 63 patients from 1996 to 1998 and surveyed the results. Our principles were as follows: 1) Alar rim incision was done in cases of different-shaped cleft-side nostrils with nearly the same measured area in comparison to the normal side. 2) When deformity of the alar-columellar web was severe, we performed modified Z-plasty. 3) When the nostril of the cleft-side nostril was smaller than the normal side with slight asymmetry, reverse W-plasty was done. 4) We adopted a reverse-U incision when there was a discrepancy in height with moderate asymmetry compared with the normal nostril. After dissection, repositioning of alar cartilage was done by same method in each case. A nasal stent was kept in position for at least 6 months postoperatively in almost all cases. After follow-up of 6 to 24 months, we concluded that our choice was correct in selecting the optimal operative method, considering the characteristics of deformity of the cleft side nostril in an effort to make it symmetric with that of the normal side.
Cartilage ; Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nose* ; Stents

One of the complication during or after subclavian vein cannulation is intravascular catheter or wire embolization. Although some studies have reported safety of retaining foreign body embolization, and even death. The intravascular foreign body can be removed surgically or non-surgically. With improvement in instrument technology and technique, percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies has become a relatively common procedure. Commonly used methods to remove intravascular foreign bodies are loop snare and basket technique. Sometimes biopy forcep can be used. We have experienced 2 cases of non-surgical removal of intravascular foreign bodies. One of the foreign bodies was 7cm wire fragment in right atrium(RA), the other was a 50cm guide wire. We used the standard loop snare technique for removal of 7cm wire fragment in RA and stone removal basket and 3.0mm ACS PTCA balloon to remove the 50cm short guide wire.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Foreign Bodies* ; SNARE Proteins ; Subclavian Vein ; Surgical Instruments

No abstract available.
Hepatolenticular Degeneration*

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by the mucorales, which consist of the Rhizophus, Absidia, Mortierella, and Mucor. The diverse clinical forms of mucormycosis can be categorized as rhinocerebral, pulmonary, disseminated, gastrointestinal, cutaneous and miscellaneous. Although it can cause disease in healthy people, it most commonly affects patients who are diabetic or immunosup-pressed. Rarely, mucormycosis develops confined to the subcutaneous tissue. We experienced a case of cutaneous mucormycosis developed in a well-controlled diabetic patient who had previously injected foreign material on her face for an aesthetic purpose at the behest of an unlicensed physician. The patient had tissue necrosis and purulent discharge on her left cheek. Following histologic examination, we diagnosed the condition as cutaneous mucormycosis and treated it by wide excision combined with amphotericin B therapy. The disease was cured without any significant sequelae within 6 months of follow up. Cutaneous mucormycosis is rarely reported but it can cause facial deformity due to tissue necrosis, so that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important. Currently, foreign material injection for aesthetic purposes is still performed by unlicensed physicians. We present a case report concluding that one should consider the possibility of fungal infection in skin lesion in diabetic or other immunosup-pressed patients. We also emphasize the seriousness of illegal injection of foreign material.
Absidia ; Amphotericin B ; Cheek ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mortierella ; Mucor ; Mucorales ; Mucormycosis* ; Necrosis ; Paraffin* ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue

This study was conducted to figure out the prevalence of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease among teachers. The data used in the analysis were based on 831 questionnaires, filled out by elementary, middle and high school teachers in Taegu, between September 5, 1994 and October, 4 in 1994. The prevalence of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease was 1.7% among teachers, 1.2% for definite claudication, 0.5% for atypical claudication, 1.7% for serious illness grade I, and 0% for the walk pain grade II. The prevalence was 1.9% for the male and 1.4% for the female. The prevalence by age group was 1.3% for less than 39, 1.6% for the forties, and 2.9% for the over fifties. The results shows that the prevalence increases as the age. The prevalence was 1.8% for the smoking group, 1.6% for the non-smoking group, 2.0% for the alcohol drinking group, and 1.5% for the non-alcohol drinking group. The prevalence for the lean group based on Body Mass Index(BMI) was 1.3%, 1.8% for the normal group, 2.1% for the obese group, 2.2% for the behavior pattern A, and 1.4% for the behavior pattern B. This study shows that the peripheral arterial disease may be considered as an important health problem among teachers.
Alcohol Drinking ; Daegu ; Drinking ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Peripheral Arterial Disease* ; Prevalence* ; Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking

Augmentation mammoplasty can be done in various manners according to the way of approach. the type of implant or implatation site depending on the status and demand of the patients or the operator's preferrence. In reviewing the many published reports about augmentation mammoplasty, they compare their surgical outcomes with mixed factors, so it is difficult to compare the results of mammoplasty simply with one factor under the same conditions. We think that analyzing the surgical results with one consistent method enables to compare and decide the influencing effect of one factor within it in augmentation mammoplasty. We could find the fact that the Korean women who wanted augmentation mammoplasty had same physical characteristics and demands, so developed the standardized method of augmentation mammoplasty among those debatable data for the purpose of increasing the patients' satisfaction, decreasing the complications, and shortening the operation time. The method we adopted was placing the implant through transaxillary subpectoral approach and using the endoscope auxiliarily in additional dissection and hemostasis. We employed saline-filled implants of round, textured type with the size ranging fro 125cc to 175cc and overinflated them by 10 to 30% beyond its original volume. After irrigation of the dissected pocket, we placed the suction drainage system into the subpectoral pocket. We educated the patients to massage their breasts right after removal of the drain. During the period of follow-up (from 6 months to 24 months), most of the patients were satisfied with their operative results. Though we experienced one case of capsular contracture, one case of malposition of the implant, and three cases of scar contracture on axillar incision site, as a whole, we could minimize the complications associated with augmentation mammoplasty. We present our postoperative results with the conclusion that our standardized method of augmentation mammoplasty can bring results of high satisfaction rate, minimal complication, predictability of postoperative results, shortening of operation time when applied consistently to the Korean patients whose physical characteristics are similar. We also hope that stanadardized method can be used to compare the influencing effect of many factors in the case of changing one factor within the standardized in the future follow up period.
Breast ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Endoscopes ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemostasis ; Hope ; Humans ; Mammaplasty* ; Massage ; Suction

A sixty-eight-year-old female presented with suddenly developed pain in the left knee joint. On the first visit, there was severe tenderness on the anterolateral aspect of the knee joint with active flexion and extension limited by pain. Radiographs revealed multiple round calcific masses in the anterolateral aspect of the knee joint. Under the impression of intraarticular lesions, we performed arthroscopic examination of the knee joint, which revealed no intraarticular pathology. The masses were found in the extracapsular soft tissue and we performed excisional biopsy of the masses completely. The masses were confirmed as tumoral calcinosis by histopathologic examination. It rarely occurs around the knee joint and is usually asymptomatic. Idiopathic tumoral calcinosis with acute symptoms must be differentiated from other pathologic conditions such as gout or infection. The clinical manifestation of this case was opposed to the previous reports. So we report a rare case of idiopathic tumoral calcinosis of the knee joint with acute symptoms.
Biopsy ; Calcinosis* ; Female ; Gout ; Humans ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Pathology

PURPOSE: It is known that 50% to 68% of women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) have sexual function impairment and avoid sexual intercourse. Reports of sexual function after SUI surgery vary, with reports of both improved function and deteriorated function. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of midurethral sling procedures on the sexual function of women suffering from SUI preoperatively and 36 months postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 75 patients who were diagnosed with SUI and underwent the midurethral procedure, 47 patients who answered the Korean version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Questionnaire were analyzed prospectively. The retropubic route (RPR) was used in 26 patients, whereas the transobturator route (TOR) was used in 21 patients. Fifteen patients underwent concomitant posterior colporrhaphy. The FSFI was completed before surgery and 36 months after surgery. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 44.9 years (range, 30-59 years) and their mean parity was 2.8 (range, 0-6). There were no significant differences in the individual FSFI domain scores between before surgery and 36 months (36.8+/-4.57) after surgery. There were no significant differences in sexual satisfaction between the patients with concomitant posterior colporrhaphy and patients with the midurethral sling procedure only. There were no significant differences in domain score between the TOR and the RPR, but patients experienced less pain after the RPR than after the TOR. CONCLUSION: There was no significant change in overall sexual function in women undergoing the midurethral sling procedure. Attention must be paid when performing the TOR procedure because it can cause pain during intercourse.
Coitus ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Parity ; Prospective Studies ; Sexuality ; Stress, Psychological ; Suburethral Slings ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urologic Surgical Procedures