No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Arbovirus* ; Prognosis*

No abstract available.
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular*

No abstract available.
Esophageal Atresia* ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula*

Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) is a syndrome as a persistent bronchial hyperreactivity with asthmatic dyspnea which occurs after one or more inhalation exposures to a high concentration of irritant gasses, smokes or vapors in subjects who had preciously had no respiratory disease. We report a case of a 34 years old female worker suffering from reactive airways dysfunction syndrome who had been taking charge of guest room cleaning at a condominium. 7 months before, she inhaled high concentration of chlorine gas in confined and poor ventilated working space of bathroom at the condominium. As she was washing a bathroom with a bleaching agent (6 % sodium hypochlorite) without dilution, dyspnea, dizziness, headache, nausea, and coughing developed after work. She still suffer from dyspnea and coughing. All functional tests were normal except for methacholine challenge test which reveals bronchial hyperreactivity. She has some symptoms of dyspnea and coughing when exposed to perfume, cold air, and heavy work.
Adult ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; Chlorine* ; Cough ; Dizziness ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure ; Methacholine Chloride ; Nausea ; Perfume ; Smoke ; Sodium

Early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes is clinical syndrome characterized by progressive cerebelar ataxia of unknown etiology with an onset within the first two decades. This disorder was distinguished from Friedreich's ataxia by the preservation of the tendon reflexes. We have experienced a case of early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes which was diagnosed by clinical features, eletrophysiologic studies, and MRI scan. This 8 year-old male patient had suffered from gait ataxia with delayed growth and development since 3 years of age. A brief review of the related literatures was also made.
Ataxia ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Child ; Friedreich Ataxia ; Gait Ataxia ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Reflex, Stretch* ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations* ; Tendons*

Early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes is clinical syndrome characterized by progressive cerebelar ataxia of unknown etiology with an onset within the first two decades. This disorder was distinguished from Friedreich's ataxia by the preservation of the tendon reflexes. We have experienced a case of early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes which was diagnosed by clinical features, eletrophysiologic studies, and MRI scan. This 8 year-old male patient had suffered from gait ataxia with delayed growth and development since 3 years of age. A brief review of the related literatures was also made.
Ataxia ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Child ; Friedreich Ataxia ; Gait Ataxia ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Reflex, Stretch* ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations* ; Tendons*

PURPOSE: To report cases of complications after using punctual plugs with a literature review. METHODS: We studied 3 complicated cases after the use of punctual plugs: a 46-year-old female with recurrent mucopurulent discharge, a 42-year-old male with a pinkish mass over the punctum, and a 29-year-old female with recurrent epiphora. RESULTS: The 46-year-old female was diagnosed with canaliculitis caused by actinomyces, the 42-year-old male with chronic pyogenic granuloma, and the 29-year-old female with canalicular obstruction. All 3 cases improved after proper treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Complications after the use of punctal plugs are not common but they can be significant. They have to be used carefully after through evaluation and obtained proper informed consents from the patient.
Actinomyces ; Adult ; Female ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Canaliculitis

OBJECTIVE: To review recurrence and prognosis of microivasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix that are associated with depth of invasion, pathologic finding and management(conservative or radical treatment) STUDY DESIGN: We conducted retrospective study in order to evaluate the results of therapeutic approaches in 46 patients with microinvasive cervical cancer from Jan 1987 to Oct 1996. RESULT: The mean age of patients was 44.6+ 8.86 years. Only one woman was nullipara, and the mean parity was 2.8, Overall diagnostic accuracy of pap smear and punch biopsy were 54.3% and 79.4%. As the depth of invasion was deeper, the diagnostic accuracy of punch biopsy increased(p<0.05), The confluence pattern and lymphovascular space involvement were observed in 39.1% and 4.9%. The confluence pattern was observed with statistical significant in advanced depth of stromal invasion. In the surgical management, vaginal hysterectomy was done in 28 patients, conization(l patient), total abdominal hysterectomy(8 patients) and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection(9 patients) was done, no positive node was in 104 pelvic lymph node dissected. Though all cone margin was free and all endocervical curettage was negative, residual lesion(2 patients) was present in the hysterectomy after conization, The median follow-up period was 64 months. There was no recurrence in all cases and 5 years survival rate was 100% CONCLUSION: We suggest that microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix may be the disease of good prognosis and no recurrence, and less radical therapy for the patients with microinvasive carcinoma may be sufficient.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri* ; Conization ; Curettage ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal ; Lymph Nodes ; Parity ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Uterine anomalies have been reported in 4% of women with infertility and in up to 15% of those with recurrent abortion. One of the major intrauterine disorder associated with infertility and recurrent abortions is intrauterine septum, The reproductive outcome of 41 patients of intrauterine septum (7 complete, 34 incomplete) with repeated abortions or infertility was assessed after the uterine septotomy. 5 of 7 patients with comlete uterine septum undergone uterine septotomy (3; hysteroscopic metroplasty, 2; abdominal metroplasty) had total 6 pregnancies and all of them had live biths. 28 patients with incomplete uterine septum got the hysteroscopic intrauterine septotomy and the viable pregnancy rate was 62% (3 ongoing pregnancies, 13 live biths of total 26 pregnancies). 6 patients with incomplete uterine septum had not the operation and 5 patients had 5 live births after total 6 pregnancies with 1 spontaneus abortion. Even though, the number of cases were small, the live birth rate in the group of septotomy of the patients of complete uterine septum (100%, 6/6) was higher than that in the group of not-done (50%, 1/2). The live birth rate in the group of not-done of the patients with incomplete uterine septum (83%, 5/6) was higher than that in the group of hysteroscopic uterine septotomy (62%, 16/26), but 5 of 6 had short uterine septal length (<1 cm), 1 had 1.5 cm septal length in the group of not-done. All the patients with successful pregnancy outcome had no other co-factors at the diagnostic laparoscopy, but the 5 primary infertility patients with no live birth even after treatment (all were with incomplete septum; 3 undergone hysteroscopic septotomy, 2 not-done with one abortion) had other co-factors such as endometriosis, peritoneal or tubal facor. In conclusion, hysteroscopic uterine septotomy would be useful for the patients with habitutal abortion or infertility and more advanced managemnet protocols should be applied to the patients having other co-factors if there was no pregnancy even after the uterine septotomy.
Abortion, Habitual* ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy* ; Infertility* ; Laparoscopy ; Live Birth ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate

OBJECTIVE: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the well known complication of conttolled ovarian hyperstimulation. Though there have been numerous protocols for the prevention of OHSS, it has not been completely preventable until now. This study was performed to identify clinical predictors for early and late OHSS. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all IVF cycles in 1993 up to June 1996 was performed. OHSS was diagnosed using the criteria of Rabau modified by Schenker. All cases of OHSS reported in this study presented with marked ovarian enlargement, ascites, oliguria, hemoconcentration and electrolyte disturbance. Ovarian stimulation was carried out using a combination of gonadotrophin releasing hormone-agonist, follicle-stimulation hormone and human menopausal gonadotrophin. 27 patients has moderate or severe OHSS presenting 3-7 days post-human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and 21 patients had severe OHSS presenting 12-17 days post-hCG. RESULTS: No patient with early OHSS went onto develop late OHSS, and no patient with late OHSS had demonstrated early OHSS. Logistic regression showed that early OHSS was predicted by the number of oocytes retrieved and the estradiol concentration on the day hCG injection (P<0.05). Late OHSS was predicted by the transferred embryos, B-hCG on 14 day after hCG injection (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Early OHSS was an acute effect of the hCG administered prior to egg retrieval in women with high estradiol and large number of retrieved oocytes. Our analysis of the risk factors for early OHSS indicates that cryopreservation of all embryos will not alter the risk of early OHSS even though it should prevent late OHSS. Late OHSS was induced by the rising serum concentration of hCG produced by the early pregnancy, the number of transferred embryos must be adjusted carefully, since it was associated with multiple gestation.
Ascites ; Chorion ; Cryopreservation ; Embryonic Structures ; Estradiol ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Oliguria ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ; Ovulation Induction ; Ovum ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors