Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) are important emerging pathogens in many tropical and developing countries of the world. The Southeast Asian and Western Pacific regions have recently experienced large outbreaks of dengue, Japanese encephalitis and chikungunya fever. In Papua New Guinea (PNG) serological surveys and mosquito isolation experiments suggest that arboviruses are prevalent throughout the country. However, the lack of surveillance and clinical reporting means that the distribution and prevalence of these diseases is unknown. In this paper we review the most important arboviruses with regard to human health in the PNG region.