OBJECTIVETo understand the association between stressful life event and onset of smoking among adolescents in China.

METHODSData on baseline survey from a 5-year longitudinal smoking prevention trail was used. Five thousand, five hundred and thirty-six students, from grade 7, 8 and 9 in 22 junior high schools all over Wuhan, China, had completed the survey on the onset of smoking in the past year and on stressful life events. Logistic regression analysis was used.

RESULTSThe results showed that 8.2% of the respondents reported the onset of smoking in the past year before the survey. The rates for male and female were 13.6% and 3.4% respectively while 7.8% for 7th graders, 9.1% for 8th graders and 8.3% for 9th graders. When gender, urbanicity and age were controlled with logistic regression model, the onset of smoking in general was significantly positively associated with the negative life events at school and family while negatively associated with positive life events in school and personal domain (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAttention should be paid to help adolescents to cope with stressful life events in order to prevent and control the onset of smoking among adolescents.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Background: Early reports have indicated a relationship between ABO and rhesus blood group types and infection with SARS-CoV-2. We aim to examine blood group type associations with COVID-19 mortality and disease severity. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients ages 18 years or older admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 between January 2020 and December 2021. The primary outcome was COVID-19 mortality with respect to ABO blood group type. The secondary outcomes were 1. Severity of COVID-19 with respect to ABO blood group type, and 2. Rhesus factor association with COVID-19 mortality and disease severity. Disease severity was defined by degree of supplemental oxygen requirements (ambient air, low-flow, high-flow, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation). Results: The blood type was collected on 596 patients with more than half (54%, N=322) being O+. The ABO blood type alone was not statistically associated with mortality (P=0.405), while the RH blood type was statistically associated with mortality (P＜0.001). There was statistically significant association between combined ABO and RH blood type and mortality (P=0.014). Out of the mortality group, the O+ group had the highest mortality (52.3%), followed by A+ (22.8%). The combined ABO and RH blood type was statistically significantly associated with degree of supplemental oxygen requirements (P =0.005).The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated that Rh- patients had increased mortality. Conclusion ABO blood type is not associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Rhesus factor status is associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Rhesus negative patients were associated with increased mortality risk.

No abstract available.
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