A microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microorganism recognized in AIDS patients, and slow scientific progress is attributed to our inability to propagate the parasite. We report upon the development of a system of propagation using the pig biliary system. The parasite spores were continuously detected in the bile samples post onset of spore shedding in the gall bladder, which suggests that this organism maintain persistent infection in the biliary system and that the hepatobiliary tree may represent a reservoir of infection. In conclusion the biliary tree is an adequate niche for the propagation of E. bieneusi. This work has also resulted in the development of a procedure of ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis for aspirating biles. This is a simple and non-surgical procedure, and creates no signs of clinical complications in the livers and the gall bladders after dozens of separate attempts. Thus, this is a very useful and safe technique for the aspiration of bile from live animals.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*parasitology ; Animals ; Bile/parasitology ; Biliary Tract/*parasitology ; DNA, Protozoan/analysis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enterocytozoon/*growth & development/physiology ; Feces/parasitology ; Gallbladder/parasitology/ultrasonography ; Immunosuppression/veterinary ; Microsporidiosis/*parasitology ; Paracentesis/methods/veterinary ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Specimen Handling/methods/veterinary ; Spores, Protozoan/isolation & purification/physiology ; Swine

Two cases of pseudoxanthoma elasticum associated with angioid streaks in both eyes were presented and the literatures were reviewed. The affected sisters were 15 and 18 years female among the five siblings. They had pin head sized yellowish maculopapular eruptions on the sides of the neck and axillae, and also visual distubance of the both eyes. They seemed to be autosomal recessive inberitance in their family background. There were no other complications.
Angioid Streaks ; Axilla ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Neck ; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum* ; Siblings

We encountered a rare condition of rice body in subacromial and subdeltoid spaces in a patient with unremarkable medical history. Although it is uncommon, there have been continued reports on its formation in certain type of infective and inflammatory arthritis. However, except for a traumatic event, evaluation yielded no known and conceivable cause for his chronic inflammatory bursitis. Relatively typical findings for rice body on magnetic resonance imaging have been described, and in our case the imaging prompted us to schedule early removal, which is generally accepted as the management of choice to prevent further progression of symptoms. The symptoms of the shoulder showed significant improvement, and a close follow-up schedule has been recommended for observation of recurrence and development of any foreseeable underlying cause.
Appointments and Schedules ; Arthritis ; Bursitis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Recurrence ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

ABSTRACT The effects of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) on the Ca2+ -dependent ourward K+-cur-rent [IK(ca)] were studied using whole-cell and single-channel patch-clamp techniques. Depolarization (pipette potential range from - 20 to - 120 mV)induced a outward Ik(ca) with a conductance of about 40 pS in the cultural aortic smooth muscle cells from SHR and WKY. 10 ?mol ? L-1 CPA significantly enhanced these currents and prolonged the mean open time of the channels. This effect of CPA was completely blocked by glybenclamide, a K+-channel block-er. In the whole cell recording experiments, CPA increased the amplitude of outward K+-current. This effect of CPA was Ca2+-dependent and completely blocked by glybenclamide. There was no any significant difference between the effects of CPA in SHR and in WKY. These results suggest that the functional change of vascular smooth muscle in SHR doesn't appear to be related to Ik(ca).

No abstract available.
Embryonic Structures* ; Humans*

A wide variety of malignancies, including carcinoma of the lung, breast, prostate thyroid and kidney, frequently metastasize to bone. Patient suffering pathological fracture secondary to these metastases are frequently referred to the orthopaedic surgeon for care and management. In such cases, operative intervention with rigid fixation and early ambulation offer much in terms of over-all patient management. One case of breast careinoma metastatic to right proximal femur, neck and femoral head of segmental resection and restoration by special segmental femoral prosthesis with Giliberty Bipolar Endoprosthesis was presented. This technique provides an effective means of restoring the structural integrity of proximal femur and of preserving physiologic function of the joint.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Early Ambulation ; Femur ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Head ; Humans ; Joints ; Kidney ; Lung ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostate ; Prostheses and Implants ; Thyroid Gland

We investigated whether maternal antibodies (mAbs) elicited by dams immunized with recombinant vaccine candidates against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can passively confer protective immunity to chicks. In the present study, pBP244 plasmids carrying selected antigens of APEC were transformed into Salmonella Typhimurium JOL912, which was used as a vaccine candidate against APEC. The hens were immunized with the vaccine candidates using prime or booster doses. The levels of IgG and sIgA specific to the selected antigens increased significantly following prime immunization. To evaluate the persistence of passively transferred mAbs, the levels of IgY and IgA were determined in egg yolks and whites, respectively. The eggs from the immunized group showed consistently increased levels of IgY and IgA until week 16 post-laying (PL) and week 8 PL, respectively, relative to the control group. The presence of mAbs was observed in chicks that hatched from the hens, and titers of plasma IgY were consistently raised in those from the immunized hens by day 14 post-hatching. Further, chicks from the immunized hens were protected from challenge with a virulent APEC strain, whereas those from non-immunized hens showed acute mortality.
Antibodies* ; Egg Yolk ; Eggs ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Immunization ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; Immunoglobulin G ; Mortality ; Ovum ; Plasma ; Plasmids ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Salmonella*

For trauma patients with severe shock, massive fluid resuscitation is necessary. However, shock and a large amount of fluid can cause bowel and retroperitoneal edema, which sometimes leads to abdominal compartment syndrome in patients without abdomino-pelvic injury. If other emergent operations except intraabdomen are needed, a distended abdomen is likely to be recognized late, leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Herein, we report two cases of a 23-year-old woman who was in a car accident and a 53-year old man who was pressed on his leg by a pressing machine; severe brain swelling and popliteal vessel injury were diagnosed, respectively. They were both in severe shock and massive fluid resuscitation was required in the emergency department. Distended abdomen was recognized in both the female and male patients immediately after neurosurgical operation and immediately before orthopaedic operation in the operating room, respectively. Decompressive laparotomy revealed massive ascites with retroperitoneal edema.
Abdomen ; Ascites ; Brain Edema ; Edema ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Hypertension* ; Laparotomy ; Leg ; Male ; Operating Rooms* ; Resuscitation ; Shock ; Young Adult

The search for ideal brucellosis vaccines remains active today. Currently, no licensed human or canine anti-brucellosis vaccines are available. In bovines, the most successful vaccine (S19) is only used in calves, as adult vaccination results in orchitis in male, prolonged infection, and possible abortion complications in pregnant female cattle. Another widely deployed vaccine (RB51) has a low protective efficacy. An ideal vaccine should exhibit a safe profile as well as enhance protective efficacy. However, currently available vaccines exhibit one or more major drawbacks. Smooth live attenuated vaccines suffer shortcomings such as residual virulence and serodiagnostic interference. Inactivated vaccines, in general, confer relatively low levels of protection. Recent developments to improve brucellosis vaccines include generation of knockout mutants by targeting genes involved in metabolism, virulence, and the lipopolysaccharide synthesis pathway, as well as generation of DNA vaccines, mucosal vaccines, and live vectored vaccines, have all produced varying degrees of success. Herein, we briefly review the bacteriology, pathogenesis, immunological implications, candidate vaccines, vaccinations, and models related to Brucella.
Adult ; Animals ; Bacteriology ; Brucella* ; Brucellosis ; Cattle ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolism ; Models, Animal ; Orchitis ; Vaccination ; Vaccines* ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Vaccines, DNA ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; Virulence