No abstract available.
Hodgkin Disease* ; Radiotherapy*

Hypertermia for the treatment of cancer has been introduced for a long time and the biological effect for the use of hyperthermia to treat malignant tumors has been well established and encouraging clinical results have been obserbed. Unfortunately, however, the engineering or technical aspects of hyperthermia for the deep seated tumors has not been satisfactory. We developed the radiofrequency capactive hyperthermia device (Greenytherm-GY8) in cooperation with Yonsei Cancer Center and Green Cross Medical Corporation. It was composed with 8~10 MHz RF generator, capacitive electrode, matching system, cooling system, temperature measuring system and control PC computer. The thermal profile was investigated in agar phantom, animals and in human tumors, heated with capactivie RF device. Deep and homogeneous heating could be achieved in a large phantom of 25 cm diameter and 19 cm thick when heated with a pair of 23 cm diameter electrodes, coupled to both bases of the phantom, when the size of the two electrodes was not the same, the region near the smaller electrode was preferentially heated. It was, therefore, possible to control the depth of heating by choosing proper size of electrodes. Therapeutic temperature (42degree C~43degree C) could be obtained in the living animal experiments. Indications are that deep heating of human tumors might be achieved with the capacitive method, provided that subcutaneous fat layer is cooled by temperature controlled bolus and large size of electrodes.
Agar ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Electrodes ; Fever ; Heating* ; Hot Temperature* ; Humans ; Subcutaneous Fat

In capacitive heating device, which considered efficient for deep heating, parallel arrangement of the electrodes is a serious limiting factor in heating for eccentrically located lesions because it causes overheating of the exposed ipsilateral skin surface, the heating pattern is also frequently inappropriate, arid the arrangement tends to be unstable due to the patient's gravity. Therefore we attempted an angular arrangement of the electordes to achieve more homogenous and efficient heating for such lesions. In phantom study, both the thermal profile and thermogram established the heating pattern in this unusual angular arrangement of the electrodes at 60degree, 90degree and 120degree angles, respectively. An angular arrangement was also clinically applied to 3 patients. The patients' tolerance was good without significant complication and the thermal distribution was satisfactory. In conclusion, this unusual arrangement of electrodes appears to be promising in the clinical application to the eccentrically located lesions.
Electrodes* ; Gravitation ; Heating* ; Hot Temperature* ; Humans ; Skin

Forty one patients with para-aortic node metastases from carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with radiotherapy at Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine from January 1982 to December 1987 were retrospectively analyzed. Eleven patients were diagnosed at the time of diagnosis of carcinoma of the cervix (early diagnosis) and 30 patients were diagnosed during follow up period after definitive radiotherapy of primary site (late diagnosis). The most important factors affecting the survival in this study were time of diagnosis and dose of irradiation. Overall 5 year actuarial survival rate of 41 patients was 25.7%. Five year survival rate for early diagnosis was 60.3%, but late diagnosis was 10.9%. And survival rate for high dose (over 4000 cGy) radiation group arid low dose radiation group were 42.2% and 8.9% respectively. The most leading cause of death was para-aortic node failure, so early diagnosis and maximum palliation with full dose radiotherapy (over 4000 cGy) is necessary to improve the survival and the quality of life.
Cause of Death ; Cervix Uteri* ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Quality of Life ; Radiation Oncology ; Radiotherapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy*

Fourty nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue were reviewed retrospectively for the evaluation of clinical manifestation and for the comparison between therapeutic modalites. The gross shape of the tumor was infiltrative in 22, ulcerative in 12, and ulceroinfiltrative type in 10 patients. Direct extension of the tumor was most commonly to the floor of the mouth. The incidence of nodal metastasis generally increased with tumor stage. 55% of the patients showed neck nodal metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Ipsilateral subdigastric node were most commonly involved, followed by submandibular nodes. The 5-year survival rate of patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy was 58.7% in contrast to 21.6% in radiation alone group. Overall 5-year survival rate was 31%. In radiation alone group, half of the patients in stage I, II were locally controlled. But the local control in stage III, IV was much inferior to early lesions. Especially, of 4 patients combined with implantation tecnhnique, 3 were completely controlled. 5-year survival rate of these implanted patients was 50%, 49.4% of patients treated over 7,000 cGy survived 5 years. This was significant in contrast to 6.4% of the group treated below 7,000 cGy. The most common sites of failures were primary sites. In early lesions primary radiotherapy with implantation would be an appropriate treatment in cancer of oral tongue, operation reserved for radiation failure. Operation and adjuvant radiotherapy is recommended in cases of advanced disease.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mouth ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Tongue* ; Ulcer

Survival data, prognostic factors, and patterns of failure were retrospectively analyzed for a total of 76 patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix treated between January 1981 and December 1987, which represents 4.1% of all primary cervical carcinomas treated, at Department of Radiation Oncology, Yensei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine. The mean age of the patients was 49years(range, 27~79years) and the peak incidence was in the group 50 to 59years of age. More half of the patients were postmenopausal (46/76=60.5%). Most patients(76%)had abnormal vaginal bleeding either alone or in combination with other symptoms. The proportion of stage Iib was 43.4%. There were 4 major histologic subtypes: pure adenocarcinoma(48/76=63.2%), adenosquamous carcinoma(20/76=26.3%), papillary (5/76=6.6%) and clear cell carcinoma(3/76=3.9%). Of the many clinicopathologic variables evaluated for prognosis, the most significant prognostic factors were stage of disease and the size of tumor. The overall 5-year survival rate was 68%, and the 5-year survival rates for stage Ib, II and III were 90%, 66% and 54%, respectively. Control of pelvic tumors was achieved in 938%, 90.2% and 50.0% of cases of stage Ib, II and III disease, respectively. In present study, treatment modalities (radiation therapy alone/combined operative and radiation therapy) did not affect the local control of tumor and the survival.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prognosis ; Radiation Oncology ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Hemorrhage

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Etoposide* ; Fluorouracil*

A retrospective analysis has been made of 40 patients with pineal region tumors and CNS germ cell tumors who were treated at Yonsei University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology between 1971 and 1985. A tissue diagnosis was obtained before radiotherapy in 19 patients and 21 patients were irradiated without histological diagnosis. Among 19 biopsy-proven cases, 14 were germinomas, 2 were teratomas, and the others were two pineocytomas and one pineoblastoma. In the earlier period, every attempt was made to obtain a tissue pathology by either stereotaxic biopsy or open craniotomy before irradiation. However, in recent years, with the advent of CT scan, a trial radiotherapy with a modest dose of 20 Gy in 2 weeks was attempted in cases of highly suspected germinomas by CT scan findings. Further management after trial radiation depended on the radiation response shown on the follow-up CT scan and tumor marker study. Radiation fields varied from a small local field to whole brain or entire neuroaxis irradiation. Most patients received 40-50 Gy to the primary tumor site and 20-30 Gy to the neuroaxis. Twenty-nine of the total 40 patients are alive without of disease 22-144 months after treatment and the overall 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 74.4%, Univariate analysis of prognostic factors at presentation showed that tumor type was highly correlated with outcome. Two of fourteen biopsy-proven germinomas and none of nine presumed germinomas by trial radiation recurred. On the other hand, five of six patients who showed poor response to trial radiation died of uncontrolled disease and only one patient with elevated AFP in serum and CSF was salvaged by chemotherapy. On the basis of the results of this study, application of trial radiation therapy without tissue biopsy is well justified as a treatment modality in a suspected germinoma by CT scan finding. Aggressive combined modality approaches with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy need to be investigated to improve results in radioresistant tumors.
Biopsy ; Brain ; Craniotomy ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germ Cells* ; Germinoma ; Hand ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Pathology ; Pinealoma ; Radiation Oncology ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Teratoma ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Among the patients with rectal cancer who entered Yonsei University Hospital for management from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1990, we selected 23 subjects who were received surgical resection of tumor in rectum, and who proved to have liver metastasis during the diagnostic work-up, at the time of the operation, or within 3 months after starting definitive treatment. With those subjects, we investigated the role of radiation therapy by comparison of the treatment results of the patients without radiation therapy (S group) with those of the patients with radiation therapy to the primary site (S+R group). The local control rates of S group and S+R group were 64% and 89%, and 2-year survival rates were 50% and 78%, respectively. Although there was not statistically meaningful difference, local control rate and 2-year survival rate were higher in the group with radiation therapy to primary site than that without radiation therapy. The 2-year survival rates of the case with resection of the liver and the case without it were 03.6% and 58.3% respectively, which was not statistically significant. Also, the 2-year survival rate of the case with sustained local control was higher than that of the case with local failure, which was statistically significant(70.5% and 16.7%, p<0.005). From the above results, it is thought that radiation therapy to the primary site might improve the local control rate even in the patients with liver metastasis, which seems to be correlated to the higher survival rate.
Humans ; Liver* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Radiotherapy ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectum ; Survival Rate