In order to obtain the most specific and sensitive antigen from crude antigens of Fasciola hepatica for the immunodiagnosis of bovine fascioliasis by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), phosphate buffered saline extract of F. hepatica was prepared. The crude extract was fractionated into 7 antigens using Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Seven fractionated antigens were applied to ELISA, precipitation test and intradermal test, respectively. Results obtained are as follows: The specificity (95 per cent confidence interval in negative sera of bovine fascioliasis ; Mean+2 x SD of absorbance ) of the first (MW>150,000) and the second antigens (MW 120,000) were 93.7 per cent, but those of others including crude antigen showed 100 per cen.t. The sensitivity (positive sera of bovine fascioliasis having higher values with compared to the criterion) of the first, the sixth (MW 16,000) and the seventh antigen (MW<5,000) were 91.6 per cent, 87.5 per cent and 0 per cent, respectively, but those of others showed all 100 per cent. The absorbance by ELISA using the fifth antigen (MW 26,000) was 8.43-folds higher in the positive sera than that in the negative sera. This could be used as one of the most specific antigens for the immunodiagnosis of bovine fascioliasis. In Ouchterlony test, precipitin lines were not found in the sera naturally infected with F. hepatica, but some were found in the sera of rabbits immunized with the crude antigens. The numbers of precipitin lines in the sera of rabbits were different in the different fractionated antigens. They were 6 in the crude, 2 in the second and the third antigens, 1 in the forth, the fifth and the sixth antigens and absent in the seventh antigen, respectively. The wheal size for the bovine infected with F. hepatica was 2.46+-0.15 cm in the intradermal test antigen (saline extract of F. hepatica) supplied by the Veterinary Research Institute, Rural Development Administration, Korea. The wheal size of the first, the second and the third antigens were larger than that of intradermal test antigen, whereas those of the forth, the fifth, the sixth and the seventh antigens showed smaller than that of the intradermal test antigen. The results suggest that the fifth antigen may be specific antigen for the immunodiagnosis of bovine fascioliasis.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; immunology ; enzyme-linke immunosorbent assay ; diagnosis ; fascioliasis ; Fasciola hepatica

An 87-yr-old woman was diagnosed with AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC). The initial complete blood count showed Hb level of 5.9 g/dL, platelet counts of 27x10(9)/L, and white blood cell counts of 85.33x10(9)/L with 55% blasts. Peripheral blood samples were used in all the tests, as bone marrow examination could not be performed because of the patient's extremely advanced age and poor general health condition. Flow cytometric analysis, chromosome analysis, FISH, and reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) results indicated AML-MRC resulting from t(3;21) with the RUNX1-MECOM fusion gene. To our knowledge, this is the second most elderly de novo AML patient associated with t(3;21) to be reported.
Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Cells/pathology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications/*diagnosis/genetics ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/complications/*diagnosis/genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Translocation, Genetic

In Korea, which still lacks a well-established trauma care system, the inability to transport patients to adequate treatment sites in a timely manner is a cause of low trauma patient survival. As such, this study was conducted to serve as a basis for the establishment of a future trauma transport system. We performed a comparative analysis of the transport time, and treatment outcomes between trauma victims transported by ground ambulance (GAMB) and those transported via the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) through the National Emergency Management Agency's 119 reporting system, which is similar to the 911 system of the United States, from March 2011 to May 2014. The HEMS-transported patients received treatment instructions, by remote communication, from our trauma specialists from the time of accident reporting; in certain instances, members of the trauma medical staff provided treatment at the scene. A total of 1,626 patients were included in the study; the GAMB and HEMS groups had 1,547 and 79 patients, respectively. The median transport time was different between 2 groups (HEMS, 60 min vs. GAMB, 47 min, P<0.001) but for all patients was 49 min (less than the golden hour). Outcomes were significantly better in the HEMS compared to the GAMB, using the trauma and injury severity score (survival rate, 94.9% vs. 90.5%; Z score, 2.83 vs. -1.96; W score, 6.7 vs. -0.8). A unified 119 service transport system, which includes helicopter transport, and the adoption of a trauma care system that allows active initial involvement of trauma medical personnel, could improve the treatment outcome of trauma patients.
Air Ambulances/*utilization ; Emergency Service, Hospital/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Prognosis ; Republic of Korea ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors ; Trauma Centers ; Treatment Outcome ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/*mortality/therapy ; Wounds, Penetrating/*mortality/therapy

In Korea, which still lacks a well-established trauma care system, the inability to transport patients to adequate treatment sites in a timely manner is a cause of low trauma patient survival. As such, this study was conducted to serve as a basis for the establishment of a future trauma transport system. We performed a comparative analysis of the transport time, and treatment outcomes between trauma victims transported by ground ambulance (GAMB) and those transported via the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) through the National Emergency Management Agency's 119 reporting system, which is similar to the 911 system of the United States, from March 2011 to May 2014. The HEMS-transported patients received treatment instructions, by remote communication, from our trauma specialists from the time of accident reporting; in certain instances, members of the trauma medical staff provided treatment at the scene. A total of 1,626 patients were included in the study; the GAMB and HEMS groups had 1,547 and 79 patients, respectively. The median transport time was different between 2 groups (HEMS, 60 min vs. GAMB, 47 min, P<0.001) but for all patients was 49 min (less than the golden hour). Outcomes were significantly better in the HEMS compared to the GAMB, using the trauma and injury severity score (survival rate, 94.9% vs. 90.5%; Z score, 2.83 vs. -1.96; W score, 6.7 vs. -0.8). A unified 119 service transport system, which includes helicopter transport, and the adoption of a trauma care system that allows active initial involvement of trauma medical personnel, could improve the treatment outcome of trauma patients.
Air Ambulances/*utilization ; Emergency Service, Hospital/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Prognosis ; Republic of Korea ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors ; Trauma Centers ; Treatment Outcome ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/*mortality/therapy ; Wounds, Penetrating/*mortality/therapy

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and its early detection is critical for improving survival outcomes. As a diagnostic and screening tool, mammography can be less effective owing to the masking effect of fibroglandular tissue, but breast US has good sensitivity even in dense breasts. However, breast US is highly operator dependent, highlighting the need for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solutions. Unlike other modalities, US is performed using a handheld device that produces a continuous real-time video stream, yielding 12000–48000 frames per examination. This can be significantly challenging for AI development and requires real-time AI inference capabilities. In this review, we classified AI solutions as computer-aided diagnosis and computer-aided detection to facilitate a functional understanding and review commercial software supported by clinical evidence.In addition, to bridge healthcare gaps and enhance patient outcomes in geographically under resourced areas, we propose a novel framework by reviewing the existing AI-based triage workflows including mobile ultrasound.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and its early detection is critical for improving survival outcomes. As a diagnostic and screening tool, mammography can be less effective owing to the masking effect of fibroglandular tissue, but breast US has good sensitivity even in dense breasts. However, breast US is highly operator dependent, highlighting the need for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solutions. Unlike other modalities, US is performed using a handheld device that produces a continuous real-time video stream, yielding 12000–48000 frames per examination. This can be significantly challenging for AI development and requires real-time AI inference capabilities. In this review, we classified AI solutions as computer-aided diagnosis and computer-aided detection to facilitate a functional understanding and review commercial software supported by clinical evidence.In addition, to bridge healthcare gaps and enhance patient outcomes in geographically under resourced areas, we propose a novel framework by reviewing the existing AI-based triage workflows including mobile ultrasound.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and its early detection is critical for improving survival outcomes. As a diagnostic and screening tool, mammography can be less effective owing to the masking effect of fibroglandular tissue, but breast US has good sensitivity even in dense breasts. However, breast US is highly operator dependent, highlighting the need for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solutions. Unlike other modalities, US is performed using a handheld device that produces a continuous real-time video stream, yielding 12000–48000 frames per examination. This can be significantly challenging for AI development and requires real-time AI inference capabilities. In this review, we classified AI solutions as computer-aided diagnosis and computer-aided detection to facilitate a functional understanding and review commercial software supported by clinical evidence.In addition, to bridge healthcare gaps and enhance patient outcomes in geographically under resourced areas, we propose a novel framework by reviewing the existing AI-based triage workflows including mobile ultrasound.

Purpose: This study aimed to report the results from an early-phase study of rivoceranib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor highly selective for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Materials and Methods: In this open-label, single-arm, dose-escalating, multicenter three-part phase 1/2a trial, patients had advanced solid tumors refractory to conventional therapy. Part 1 evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of five ascending once-daily doses of rivoceranib from 81 mg to 685 mg. Part 2 evaluated the safety and antitumor activity of once-daily rivoceranib 685 mg. Part 3 was conducted later, due to lack of maximum tolerated dose determination in part 1, to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of once-daily rivoceranib 805 mg in patients with unresectable or advanced gastric cancer. Results: A total of 61 patients were enrolled in parts 1 (n=25), 2 (n=30), and 3 (n=6). In parts 1 and 2, patients were white (45.5%) or Asian (54.5%), and 65.6% were male. The most common grade ≥ 3 adverse events were hypertension (32.7%), hyponatremia (10.9%), and hypophosphatemia (10.9%). The objective response rate (ORR) was 15.2%. In part 3, dose-limiting toxicities occurred in two out of six patients: grade 3 febrile neutropenia decreased appetite, and fatigue. The ORR was 33%. Conclusion The recommended phase 2 dose of rivoceranib was determined to be 685 mg once daily, which showed adequate efficacy with a manageable safety profile (NCT01497704 and NCT02711969).

Background: and Purpose Recent studies suggested an increased incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the volume of CVT hospitalization and in-hospital mortality during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding year. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study of 171 stroke centers from 49 countries. We recorded COVID-19 admission volumes, CVT hospitalization, and CVT in-hospital mortality from January 1, 2019, to May 31, 2021. CVT diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes or stroke databases. We additionally sought to compare the same metrics in the first 5 months of 2021 compared to the corresponding months in 2019 and 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04934020). Results: There were 2,313 CVT admissions across the 1-year pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic year (2020); no differences in CVT volume or CVT mortality were observed. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT volumes compared to 2019 (27.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.2 to 32.0; P<0.0001) and 2020 (41.4%; 95% CI, 37.0 to 46.0; P<0.0001). A COVID-19 diagnosis was present in 7.6% (132/1,738) of CVT hospitalizations. CVT was present in 0.04% (103/292,080) of COVID-19 hospitalizations. During the first pandemic year, CVT mortality was higher in patients who were COVID positive compared to COVID negative patients (8/53 [15.0%] vs. 41/910 [4.5%], P=0.004). There was an increase in CVT mortality during the first 5 months of pandemic years 2020 and 2021 compared to the first 5 months of the pre-pandemic year 2019 (2019 vs. 2020: 2.26% vs. 4.74%, P=0.05; 2019 vs. 2021: 2.26% vs. 4.99%, P=0.03). In the first 5 months of 2021, there were 26 cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), resulting in six deaths. Conclusions During the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic, CVT hospitalization volume and CVT in-hospital mortality did not change compared to the prior year. COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with higher CVT in-hospital mortality. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT hospitalization volume and increase in CVT-related mortality, partially attributable to VITT.