Methods: This is a report of a case of cryptophthalmos seen at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH). Differential diagnosis and management options are discussed. Results: A 12-day old boy presented with no right palpebral fissure, eyelashes, or eyebrow. The skin overlying the right orbit was continuous from the forehead to the cheek. Under this skin was a 17 mm x 15 mm soft, round, movable mass anterior to the globe. The left upper lid was colobomatous with no eyebrow and fornix. The left cornea measured 9 mm x 6 mm with exposure keratitis and large ulcer. Ultrasound of the right orbit identified the presence of the right globe with normal posterior segment. Cranial computed tomography (CT) showed a cystic mass anterior to the right globe with absent lens. Visual-evoked response of the left eye established nonspecific severe optic-nerve damage, delayed visual-pathway maturation and visual-pathway affectation. Conclusion: Management of complete cryptophthalmos is difficult and requires separation of the lids and placement of mucous membrane grafts to allow for fitting of prosthesis. Reconstruction of the lid coloboma is necessary to prevent exposure keratitis. Genetic counseling is also important in the management of cryptophthalmos.
Human ; Male ; Child ; FRASER SYNDROME ; COLOBOMA ;

OBJECTIVE: This study determined the risk of postoperative visual loss and the factors affecting the decrease in visual acuity in patients with advanced glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy or combined cataract surgery. METHODS: Charts of patients with advanced glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy or combined cataract surgery were reviewed for the following parameters: visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual-field indices of the Humphrey perimetry. Eyes that lost 2 or more Snellen lines or worsened one category two months after surgery were identified. Central vision was lost (wipeout) when best corrected VA was less than 20/200, characterized as a sudden, permanent, and unexplained visual loss within 2 months post-operatively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined the differences between groups and logistic regression analyzed the factors affecting the decrease in visual acuity postoperatively. RESULTS: Ninety-eight eyes of 92 patients aged 18 years and older were included in the study. The incidence of postoperative visual loss 2 months after surgery was 20 percent (20/98), of which 3 percent (3/98) was considered "wipeout." Factors affecting the decrease in VA postoperatively include the presence of surgical complications (p = 0.04) and increase in postoperative IOP at two months (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The incidence of wipeout among patients with advanced glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy or combined cataract surgery is low and generally occurs in patients with central-splitting fixation. Surgical complications play a major role in causing postoperative decrease in VA.
Human ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; GLAUCOMA ; TRABECULECTOMY ; CATARACT ; SURGERY ; RISK FACTORS ; VISUAL ACUITY ; EYE DISEASES ; CATARACT EXTRACTION

The Philippines continues to produce globally competitive nursing graduates. However, it performs poorly in international standards for quality education in nursing. This paper investigates the objective parameters of quality assurance: Commission on Higher Education (CHED) accreditation, Philippine Regulation Commission (PRC) licensure examinations, and other international and local standards to measure the quality of nursing education inputs and outputs. Results showed an accreditation rate of 3% for nursing programs, less than the national average of 10% for all programs across all professions (CHED 2018; CHED n.d. -a; CHED n.d. -b). Some highly regarded programs have advanced to Level IV (seven baccalaureate programs and two master's programs). Although there is a link between graduates' performance and effective instruction and sound evaluation in university procedures (Amanonce & Maramag, 2020), written board exams cannot assess some performance indicators to determine if a student has met program objectives. Although the country has produced globally competitive nursing graduates, steps must be taken to improve the program's compatibility with the concept of globalization. Strategies should be aimed at performance indicators in a global nursing education and profession landscape.
Curriculum ; Nursing ; Education, Nursing