The developmental changes of the lingual salivary glands in the postnatal rats were examined by lectin histochemical methods. For the morphological changes, H-E and PAS staining were used. The biotinylated lectins used in the study were DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL-1, sWGA, RCA-1, UEA-1, Con A and LCA. The promordia and undifferentiated acini of the lingual glands were found in the mucous glands at 0 day suckling rat and the von Ebner's glands at 3 day suckling rat, respectively. The differentiation and maturation of the lingual glands were faster than those of the von Ebner's gland. The differentiation and proliferation of both glands were occurred remarkably at suckling periods rather than weaning periods. The lectin binding pattern of glandular promordia and undifferentiated serous acini in von Ebner's gland was weak in BSL-1 and weak to moderate in RCA-1. DBA and sWGA showed tendency to increase in 1 week suckling rat, but The binding reactivity of other lectins was disappeared except BSL-1 that was reacted tracely in 2 and 3 weak suckling and 4 week weaning rat. RCA-1, PNA, sWGA, BSL-1 and SBA of the differentiated serous acini were appeared in the 2 week suckling rat and SBA and sWGA was more intense. Especially, the reactivity of these lectins of suckling periods was showed more tendency to increase than that of weaning periods. The increase of PNA, SBA and BSL-1 was prominent during suckling and weaning periods. RCA-1 and sWGA were decreased in 5 week rat, increased in 6 week rat, and then decreased in adult rat. UEA-1 which was not shown from 0 day to 2 week was showed trace to moderate reactivity in some serous acini. Con A and PNA of glandular promordia and undifferentiated mucous acini were appeared trace or weak, and absent at 0 day suckling rat, but PNA reactivity was showed tendency to incerase at 3 day suckling rat. Other lectins of these promordia and acini were not showed reactivity. In the differentiated mucous acini at 0 day suckling rat, all mucous acini were weak to moderate with DBA, and some of mucous acini also were weak to moderate with BSL-1. Most mucous acini showed weak reactivity with SBA, but some mucous acini showed trace or weak reactivity with RCA, PNA, sWGA and BSL-1. The reactivity of BSL-1 and sWGA was increased from birth to 2 week and then decreased, and absent at 5 week. But it increased at 6 week. RCA-1 and PNA also increased in the acini up to 1 week. However, PNA reactivity was absent at 5 and 6 week. With RCA-1, the intensity of reactivity was increased. Differentiated mucous acini was reacted to increase with SBA from birth, the intensity was strong in weaning periods rather than suckling period. UEA-1 reactivity was showed to decrease from 1 week to 2 week and moderately increased from 3 week to 5 week, and thereafter decreased. DBA binding pattern was somewhat changed throughout the observation periods but it was predominent.
Adult ; Animals ; Glycoconjugates* ; Humans ; Lectins ; Parturition ; Rats* ; Salivary Glands* ; von Ebner Glands ; Weaning

Estrous cycle -related histological and histochemical changes in the vaginal epithelium of mature female rats were studied with PAS (periodic acid Schiff) alcian blue pH 2.5 and biotinylated lectins (DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL -1, sWGA, UEA -1, RCA -1, Con A and LCA).The prominent characteristic changes that occured during the estrous cycle were mucinous transformation in proestrus and cornification in estrus. In proestrus, the superficial mucinous cells of the epithelium were increased in number and enlarged in size, and the amount of acid and neutral mucosubstances was more increase in proestrus than in diestrus and metestrus. About the binding pattern of all lectins examined to the superficial mucinous cells, in diestrus, the binding pattern of these cells showed a similar affinity as in metestrus with intense DBA and UEA -1 reactivity. In proestrus, however, these cells were reactive with seven lectins examined except LCA and PNA, and DBA, SBA, BSL -1, RCA -1 and UEA -1 reacted more strongly than in diestrus and metestrus. In estrus, the superficial cornified cell layers showed a weak reactivity of SBA, BSL -1 and PNA. In diestrus and metestrus, the mucinous cells in the intermediate layers of the basal portion of vaginal fold stained with eight lectins examined except LCA and showed the same binding pattern to the superficial mucinous cells. About the distribution of glycoconjugates in the intermediate layer, the upper spindle cells showed different binding pattern according to the estrous stages. In diestrus, estrus, and metestrus, these cells showed a affinity for all lectins examined. In proestrus, however, DBA and PNA staining were not observed, and stained more intensely with sWGA, SBA and UEA -1, and less intensely with BSL -1 and RCA - 1. In estrus, DBA and PNA reactivity reappeared as trace, and RCA -1 and sWGA reactivity increased. In metestrus, sWGA reactivity reduced and BSL -1 and UEA -1 increased continually. The lower rounded cells of the intermediate layers stained with all lectins examined in estrus, with six lectins examined except Con A, DBA and UEA -1 in proestrus and with five lectins examined except DBA, UEA -1, sWGA and BSL -1 in diestrus and metestrus. BSL -1 reactivity for the layers increased in proestrus, estrus and metestrus, and PNA reactivity increased in estrus and reduced in metestrus. The basal layer of the vaginal epithelium showed different binding pattern to the different portion of vagina, and showed faint staining of BSL -1, SBA and RCA -1, and moderately staining of BSL -1 in proestrus and estrus. In conclusion, alpha /-N -acetyl -D -galactosamine, alpha /-D -galactose and alpha -L -fucose participate in the mucinous transformation of the vaginal epithelium, and beta -N -acetyl -D -glucosamine participates in the cornification of the vaginal epithelium.
Alcian Blue ; Animals ; Diestrus ; Epithelium* ; Estrous Cycle* ; Estrus ; Female ; Glycoconjugates ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lectins ; Metestrus ; Mucins ; Proestrus ; Rats* ; Vagina

The developmental changes of the lingual salivary glands in the postnatal rats were examined by morphological and prelectin histochemical methods. For the morphological changes, H -E and PAS staining were used. The mucosubstances stained with PAS, AB pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0 and AF pH 1.7 -AB pH 2.5. The promodia and undifferentiated acini of the lingual glands were detected the mucous glands at o day suckling rat, the von Ebner 's glands at 3 day suckling rat, respectively. The differentiation and maturation of the lingual glands were appeared rapidly than that of the von Ebner 's gland, and that of both glands were occurred remarkably suckling periods more than weaning periods. von Ebner 's gland contained only neutral mucins during postnatal developmental rat. The undifferentiated serous acini of these gland contained a small amounts of neutral mucins from 3 day suckling rat, and the amounts of these mucins were increased continuously according to the differentiation of these glands. The amounts of these mucins predominated at weaning periods more than suckling periods. The lingual mucous glands contained the mixture of neutral and acid mucins, and the amounts of these mucins were tended continuously to increase according to the glandular differentiation. In these glands, the suckling periods were predominant with neutral mucins, but weaning periods were abundant in acid mucins. The differentiated mucous acini of the lingual gland contained large amounts of neutral mucins and small to moderate amounts of acid mucins from 0 day suckling rat, but the undifferentiated mucous acini contained small to moderate amounts of neutral mucins and trace amounts or none of acid mucins in the suckling rat. The amounts of sulfomucin and sialomucin of the differentiated mucous acini was increased in both suckling and weaning periods. The increase of these mucins was markable in weaning periods than suckling periods. The amount of sialomucin was abundant at 0 day suckling rat, but the amount of sulfomucin very increased after 3 day suckling rat, and these mucins strikingly increased after 2 weeks suckling rat.
Animals ; Glycoconjugates* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mucins ; Rats* ; Salivary Glands* ; Sialomucins ; Weaning

This experiment was performed the effect of the glycoconjugates of the skin in the Sprague-Dawley male rats exposed to SO2 for 1, 3 and 6 hours with various concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm). To investigate the change of glycoconjugates of skin, seven biotinylated lectins (DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL-1, sWGA, UEA-1, Con A) were applied with ABC method. The epidermis of experiment rats was more or less different according to the concentration of SO2, comparing control group, and beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, alpha-L-fucose, alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose of the epidermis tend to be increased according to exposed SO2 time, but alpha-D-galactose was tend to be decreased. Galactose-beta-1, 3-Nacetyl- D-galactosamine was tend to more or less increase in horny layer of the epidermis, but decrease in granular and spinous layers. As contrasted control group, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the dermis of experiment rats was decreased, but alpha- D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased. In the hair follicle of the experiment rats, beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and galactose-beta-1, 3-N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine tend to be decreased according to exposed SO2 time though more or less differ from the portions of the hair follicle, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and alpha-L-fucose were found noticeably to increase comaring control group. According to exposed SO2 time, the decrease of alpha-D-galactose tend to be little more pronounced in the outer root sheath of the upper portion of hair follicle. In contrast, the same sheath of the upper portion in above follicle was increased relatively. alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased in the root sheath of hair follicle and hair cortex, but decreased in the hair medulla. In the experiment rats, the beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine tend to be decreased gradually according to exposed SO2 time, but the decrease of galactose-beta-1, 3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine were showed significantly as contrasted control group. beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased gradually according to exposed SO2 time, but alpha-L-fucose was increased remarkably. The effect on lectin binding pattern of the glycoconjugates in the rat skin according to the concentrations and exposed time of SO2 was noted that the alternations of lectin binding pattern tend to be a little more pronounced in low concentration of exposed SO2 for a long time than in high concentration of exposed SO2 for a short time. The alternations of lectin binding pattern were appeared almost similar in concentrations of 50 ppm SO2 and above.
Animals ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Glycoconjugates* ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Lectins ; Male ; Mannose ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin* ; Sulfur Dioxide* ; Sulfur*

The experiments of this study was performed to investigate the effects of sulfur dioxide on the changes of glycoconjugates of respiratory system of the rat. Sprague -Dawley male rats weighing about 200 ~250g were divided into a control group and SO2 exposed groups. Again SO2 exposed groups were divided into 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm subgroups according to concentrations of SO2 and each SO2 exposed groups were divided into 1, 3 and 6 hours groups. For the histological changes, H -E(hematoxylin -eosin) and PAS(periodic acid Schiff) staining were used and to investigate the change of sugar residues of glycoconjugates, biotinylated lectins(DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL -1, sWGA, UEA -1, LCA and Con A) were applied. Generally, the effects of SO2 on the rat nasal respiratory region were more serious at the high concentrations. Moreover, as the exposed time was longer even at the low concentrations, the effects of SO2 were similar to those of high concentration. Compared with all SO2 concentrations, the longer exposed time was, the more serious the effects of SO2 were. In the SO2 exposed groups the binding of PNA, RCA -1 and UEA -1 of cilia in the nasal septal respiratory epithelium tended to increase in the 10 ppm and 25 ppm SO2 exposed groups but it tended to decrease in the 100 ppm and 200 ppm SO2 exposed groups. In the cytoplasm of columnar cells of nasal septal respiratory epithelium, Con A binding increased in all the SO2 exposed groups. In the goblet cells DBA, SBA, PNA, RCA -1 and UEA -1 binding increased remarkably in the 50 ppm SO2 exposed groups but it decreased largely or disappeared in the 100 ppm and 200 ppm SO2 exposed groups. The binding of SBA, PNA, BSL -1, UEA -1 and Con A in the intraepithelial mucous cells which were not detected in the control group, increased in the 25 ppm and 50 ppm SO2 exposed groups while it tended to decrease in the 100 ppm and 200 ppm SO2 exposed groups. The binding of sWGA increased according to the concentrations of SO2 were higher and exposed times were longer. In the superior nasal septal gland, the binding of PNA increased in the 50 ppm and 100 ppm SO2 exposed groups and that of Con A increased in the 25 ppm and 50 ppm SO2 exposed groups. In the inferior nasal septal gland, except for LCA, the binding of the other lectins increased remarkably in the 25 ppm and 50 ppm SO2 exposed groups but it tended to decrease in the 100 ppm and 200 ppm SO2 groups. In the mucous duct cells, the reaction of PNA and RCA -1 increased compared with that of the control group. And the reaction of BSL -1 and UEA -1 increased in the lower concentrations of 50 ppm SO2 exposed group but it decreased in the 100 ppm and 200 ppm SO2 exposed groups. The binding of Con A increased in the 25 ppm and 50 ppm SO2 exposed groups. Consequently, from the results above mentioned that SO2 affected serious changes on glycoconjugates metabolism in the nasal cavity.
Animals ; Cilia ; Cytoplasm ; Glycoconjugates* ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Lectins ; Male ; Metabolism ; Nasal Cavity* ; Rats* ; Respiratory Mucosa* ; Respiratory System ; Sulfur Dioxide

No Abstract Available.
Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

PURPOSE: We performed this study to evaluate the alterations in renal function for patients with ileal conduit and ileal orthotopic neobladder MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1999 to June 2004, 48 patients who had undergone radical cystectomy with urinary diversion were included in our study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the types of urinary diversion. One group consisted of 29 patients with ileal conduit and the other group consisted of 19 patients with ileal W neobladder. The mean age of the ileal conduit group and the ileal W neobladder group were 65.6+/-9.9 years and 60.8+/-8.3 years, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr) levels, postoperative complications and postoperative GFR, as measured by (99m)Tc-DTPA scans, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: For the postoperative complications, stricture at the ureterovesical anastomosis site occurred in 1.7% (1/58 renal units) of the ileal conduit group and in 10.5% (4/38 renal units) of the ileal W neobladder group. Acute pyelonephritis occurred in 5.2% (3/58 renal units) of the ileal conduit group and in 5.3% (2/38 renal units) of the ileal W neobladder group. The pre- and postoperative serum BUN/Cr levels were 20.8/1.3 and 24.8/1.6, respectively, in the ileal conduit group, and 17.2/1.1 and 18.8/1.2, respectively, in the ileal W neobladder group. There were no statistical significant differences between the pre- and postoperative changes of the serum BUN/Cr levels for both groups. The GFR, as measured by (99m)Tc-DTPA scans, were 77.6 and 78.7ml/ min/1.73m2 in the ileal conduit group and the ileal W neobladder group, respectively. There were no statistical significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in renal function between the ileal conduit and ileal W neobladder.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystectomy ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Pyelonephritis ; Urea ; Urinary Diversion*

PURPOSE: Midurethral sling procedure is widely used as a primary choice for managing female stress urinary incontinence(SUI) in many countries. But some complications are inevitable, although the incidence is very low. Mesh cutting may be required to correct unwanted problems in some patients. We evaluated the outcome of mesh cutting in patients having mesh-related complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent cutting of midurethral tape from January 2001 to December 2005 were reviewed and a detailed telephone interview was done to see if stress urinary incontinence recurred at least a year after cutting. RESULTS: Eleven patients were included in this study. Mean age was 51.2 ranging from 41 to 70. The reasons why their meshes should be cut were as follows; eight(72.7%) had voiding difficulty, two(18.2%) had a tape erosion and one had voiding difficulty and overactive bladder. These problems were corrected by mesh cutting except one. However, a year after cutting, four out of eleven patients(36.4%) developed recurrent stress urinary incontinence. Recurrence occurred in three out of five patients(60.0%) whose meshes were cut within 1 month after implant, while occurred in 1 out of 6(16.7%) whose meshes were cut after 2 months of implant. Three out of four patients(75.0%) who had mixed urinary incontinence developed recurrence after mesh cutting. In particular, two patients who had detrusor overactivity confirmed by cystometry before surgery showed recurrence of incontinence after mesh cutting. CONCLUSION: A total 36.4% of patients who required mesh cutting developed recurrence of SUI. These data demonstrate that mesh cutting may cause recurrence and urologists should be aware that mesh cutting may be disappointing. Mixed urinary incontinence and duration from implant to mesh cutting seem to be the risk factors of recurrence after mesh cutting.
Female* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Interviews as Topic ; Medical Records ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Suburethral Slings* ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Urinary Incontinence*

BACKGROUND: Recruitment and development of multiple follicles in response to gonadotropin stimulation are the key factors leading to successful treatment by assisted reproductive technologies. Prediction of ovarian responses prior to stimulation is useful in counselling and helpful in adjusting the dosage of gonadotropin to individual patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the number of antral follicles of both ovaries as a predictor of outcome of assisted reproductive technologies. METHODS: Data were collected by a retrospective analysis. A total of 56 consecutive infertile women were undergoing the first cycle using a standard regimen of ovarian stimulation from July, 2000 to June, 2001. Basal FSH, LH, prolactin, and estradiol concentration were measured. The number of follicles (2-5 mm) were recorded. RESULTS: In women with fewer antral follicles, the number of retrieved eggs was significantly decreased and increased the duration and dosage of human menopausal gonadotropin, but pregnancy rate was similar to those with a higher number of antral follicles. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the total antral follicle number is sensitive ultrasound parameter in predicting the ovarian response.
Eggs ; Estradiol ; Female ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Ovary ; Ovulation Induction ; Ovum ; Pregnancy Rate ; Prolactin ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages can become ineffective at activating CD4+ T cells through presentation of peptide antigens by MHC class II, possibly contributing to the ability of M tuberculosis to persist despite the presence of an intact immune system. Presentation of lipid antigens may help to overcome this problem. CD1 represents the key component of an MHC independent pathway for presentation nonpeptide lipid antigens to T cells. The 38 kDa glycolipoprotein antigen of M. tuberculosis is actively secreted. The antigen induces strong antibody and T-cell responses and provided partial protection against M. tuberculosis infection in mice when it is administered either entrapped in biodegradable microparticles or in the form of a DNA vaccine. But an selective anergy to stimulation with peptide of the 38 kDa was observed in the majority of tuberculosis patients. An 38 kDa antigen has been isolated by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody. This antigen contains some immunosuppressive cell wall associated antigens such as lipoarabinomannan. Therefore, we purified the 38 kDa glycolipoprotein from the culture filtrate of M tuberculosis H37Rv by ammonium sulfate precipitation (55~80%), hydroxylapatite and DEAE-Sephacel column. The purified antigen showed three major bands on isoelectric focusing gel, and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis of this antigen revealed five distinct spots of the 38 kDa molecular mass. One of five spots had a N-terminal sequence identical to that of the 38 kDa glycolipoprotein (pstS-1). Other protein spots could not determine sequences. An antiserum against the recombinant 38 kDa antigen of M tuberculosis reacted strongly with the purified the 38 kDa antigen.
Ammonium Sulfate ; Animals ; Cell Wall ; Chromatography, Affinity ; DNA ; Durapatite ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Immune System ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tuberculosis