264 clavicles from 132 Chinese Han nationality adult males of known age (17—76 years)were used for this study.The specimens were collected from Yunnanprovince,Guizhou province,Guangxi autonomous region and Shandong province.Changes of facies and margo articularis sternalis,facies and margo articularis acro-mialis and the back of extremitate acromialis near the margo bear relation to chan-ges with age.The changes of clavicles in these areas were divided into five phases.Statistical analysis revealed that the features chosen to delineate the various phasesare valid indicators of age.This study has shown that the clavicle can provide anaccurate estimation for age in Han nationality adult male spanning the age of 17 to76 years.

Objective To construct the functions for sex discrimination with Chinese humerus. Methods 12 variables of both left and right were selected from 103 individuals with known sex from 9 different provinces. The data were then obtained. The test was performed between males and females by using SPSS soft ware. After eliminate those variables which sex difference was not obvious. Sex discriminating functions were established by using Fisher mothod. Results There were 20 discriminating functions by the measuring single Chinese humerus, Sex correct rate was 75.9% ~89.3%. They were 2 discriminating functions of the proximal humerus epiphysis. The sex correct rate was 83.6% -85.7%. They were 2 discriminating functions of the middle humerus diaphysis. The sex correct rate was 81.3 % -83.9 %. They were 2 discriminating functions of the distal humerus epiphysis. The sex correct rate was 82%. The sex correct rate of the whole left humerus was 87% and of the whole right humerus was 90.9%. The sex correst rate of both left and right humerus was 96.3 % . Conclusion The sex discriminating functions were new method for forensic science practice in China.

objective To establish a method to do identification of Chinese Han nationality adult skull CT films.Methods Collect skull CT films of Chinese Han nationality adult according including criterion.We use the image processing and measure function of efilms 2.0 to do observation and measurement for the 12 identification indexes.And more,we make the classific code for each result of the indexes.Then we make a 12-bit identification code for the skull CT films by order.We use SPSS 13.0 to do statistical analysis on the difference of the age and sex by using the data we had collected.Last we use discrimination power formula to calculate the discrimination power of the individual index and total indexes.Results There are six indexes among twelve identification indexes have sexual differentiation;The discrimination power of the twelve indexes adding up together is 99.9997997%.Conclusion We make sure that there are 12 indexes for skull CT films of Chinese Han nationality adult in this study.Using the index classific code we carry out the identification of Chinese Han nationality adult skull CT films.

Objective To set up the method of estimation of age for Chinese girls at the age of 11-16 years according to their characteristic of radiographic changes in articulations of bone. Methods The samples of the X-ray photograph were come out of 6 articulations of humeri, cubiti, manus, coaxe, genus and ankle from 150 girls, ranging in age from 11-16 years old, in Henan province, North of China. The radiographic characteristics of osteoepiphysis at these joints were observed carefully and classified. The data were analyzed with the SPSS package. Result Regression equation was made for radiographic determine of age for Chinese girls at the age of 11-16 years. Conclusion The equation can be used for forensic practice about the determine of age.

Objective To establish the equation of chest CR for the estimation of age, and evaluate the significance of forensic medicine. Methods 5 measurements were selected to carry on the independent samples, and the status were analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Results The 5 measurements and age were line-related(P<0.05); Three group regression models were formulated; In a separate test, a control sample of 30 chest CR that not involved with formulating the regression equation was correctly estimated with 73.3% to 86.7% accuracy within 3 years. Conclusion The method set up in this paper can be used to estimate the age of Chinese Han adults.

Objective To study age-related structural changes of proximal humerusin Chinese Han adults,for the application inage estimation.Methods Shoulder joint computed radiographs(CR) of 210 Chinese Han adults were sampled,with 124 males aging from 18 to 83 years old and 86 females aging 18 to 60 years old.Four observation indexes (the height of humerus bone marrow cavity,the change of trabecular bone in proximal humeral epiphysis,the change of trabecular bone in humeral macronodular and the change of trabecular bone in subacromial-clavicular bone marrow cavity) related with age were observed and scored.The regression equations of age estimation and change scores were established and tested statistically.Results Every index wasclosely correlated with the age changes inadults.The changes of trabecular bone in proximal humeral epiphysis and the changes of trabecular bone in subacromialclavicular bone marrow cavity have much better effects than the height of humerus bone marrow cavity and the changes of trabecular bone in humeral macronodular.The regression equations could predict the age of Chinese Han adults with satisfactory accuracy.Conclusion CR changes of the height of humerus bone marrow cavity,the changes of trabecular bone in proximal humeral epiphysis,the changes of trabecular bone in humeral macronodular and the changes of trabecular bone in subacromial-clavieular bone marrow cavity can bepracticallyusefulin age estimation for Chinese Han adults.

Study on the changes of osteophiphysis observed on the X ray film is quite practical for the age estimation of male teenager.210 male teenager cases,13～20 years old,from North China were studied for age estimation.Radiographic plates were taken from the following articles:shoulder joint,elbow joint,wrist joint,hipjoint,knee joint,ankle joint.Pedis 27 characteristics were found,phased and scored.By which the regression equations were constructed with SPSS.Four regression equations with highest multi relationship coefficient(r=0 758～0 787)and lowest standard error(SE=1 0136～1 0701)were then selected.The method presented here is quite useful for the age estimation of the teenage group in North China.

Objective To establish a method used for qualitative determination of aconitine in biological samples by GC/MS. Methods using MSTFA as derivative reagent and pyridine as solvent leaving in 60℃ for 30min then detected by GC/MS-SIM. Results The limit of detection of aconitine was 20ng (S/N≥100). Conclusion This method is sensitive, fast, and accurate. It is useful for forensic medical practice.

This study was made in order to esablish the method of the stature estimation of Chinese fe- males by measurement of the lumbar vertebrae.10 measurements for 37 lumbar vertebrae form Chinese fe- males of known age and stature were measured by the anthropometry.The analysis of the correlation be- tween the measurement results and the stature as well as the regression equations were made with the SPSS soft wear.The regression equations for the stature estimation of the Chinese females were as followsL1-5. L_1:Y= 592.010+0.161X_1+16.596X_2+13.922X_4+3.428X_5;r=0.751;s=45.0171.L_2:Y=641.280+19.733X_2- 0.420X_5+9.981X_6;r=0.698;s=48.2804.L_3:Y=516.200+26.079X_2+8.081X_6;r=0.758;s=43.3508.L_4:Y =1071.436+11.1133X_5;r=0.497;s=56.0890.L_5:Y=1111.890+4.17820X_5+10.335X_9;r=0.606;s= 53.3158.The regression equations can be used for the stature estimation of Chinese females.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral vascular spasm is the main complication of intracranial aneurysm during perioperative period. Anesthesia of clamp operation of intracranial aneurysm not only meet the basic requirement of anesthesia, but also prevent cerebral vascular spasm and protect cerebral function possibly.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of angiotensin Ⅱ and endothelins of paitents with intracranial aneurysm under the anesthesia of desflurane during the clamp operation so as to discuss the effect of desflurane on cerebral protection.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Anesthesiology of Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 64 patients, 30 males and 34 females, who were prepared for clamp operation of intracranial aneurysm, were selected from Department of Neurosurgery of Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences between October 2002 and June 2004.METHODS: After anesthesia induction, tracheal cannula was used to control respiration and desflurane was used to maintain the anesthesia. Totally 4 mL arterial blood were collected at the four time points: before anesthesia induction, cutting dura mater, clamp aneurysm and 30 minutes after clamp aneurysm. Levels of angiotensin Ⅱ and endothelins in plasma were assayed with radioimmunoassay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Levels of angiotensin Ⅱ and endothelins at the four time points: before anesthesia induction, cutting dura mater,clamp aneurysm and 30 minutes after clamp aneurysm.RESULTS: Aneurysm of two patients was disrupted during the operation of angiotensin Ⅱ was ranged normally before operation, and that at the other three time points during the anesthesia of desflurane did not changed endothelins: Level of endothelins at the three time points of cutting dura mater, clamp aneurysm and 30-minutes after clamp aneurysm was lower than that at the time point of pre-an esthesia induction [(40.4±10.3),(40.0±9.6), (40.7±12.3), (49.3±12.7) ng/L, (P=0.002, 0.001, 0.009)].CONCLUSION: Levels of angiotensin Ⅱ and endothelins which anesthetizes by desflurane are not increased during the whole clamp operation of intracranial aneurysm. However, level of endothelins is obviously lower than that at the time point of pre-anesthesia induction, and there is not significantly different from that at various time points of the operation. This suggests that anesthesia of desflurane can avoid the onset of acute cerebral vascular spasm induced by the increasing liberation of angiotensin Ⅱ and endothelins and decrease the onset of secondary cerebral ischemic injury so as to protect brain.