OBJECTIVE:To study the correlation between antibacterials amount and drug resistance of Echerichia coli,and to provide reference for clinical use of antibacterials. METHODS:Retrospective review was used to calculate DDDs of antibacterials and resistance rate of Escherichia coli to 11 kinds of antibacterials each quarter. The correlation analysis was carried out using the SPSS 13.0 statistical software. RESULTS:The resistance rates of E. coli to piperacillin/tazobactam,cefoperazone/sulbactam and le-vofloxacin were with upward trends,and the others showed downward trends. The resistance rates of E. coli to meropenem and imi-penem/cilastatin appeared in 2014,increasing from 0 to 8.8% and 9.4%,respectively. DDDs of them were significantly correlated to drug resistance of E. coli,showing positive correlation(r=0.915,0.793,P<0.01). DDDs of piperacillin/tazobactam was signif-icantly correlated to resistance rate of E. coli(r=0.807,P<0.01),while that of ceftazidime was negatively correlated to resistance rate of E. coli(r=-0.672,P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in resistance rate of E. coli to other 7 kinds of antibacte-rials. CONCLUSIONS:There are some correlations between the DDDs and resistance rates. We should strengthen the monitoring of bacterial resistance and the management of rational application of antibacterials.

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect and possible mechanism of the synergistic treatment with Qingjin Huazhuo Formula （清金化浊方， QHF） on the occurrence of thrombotic events in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） and phlegm heat stasis obstructing in the lung syndrome. MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study， 305 AECOPD inpatients with the syndrome of phlegm heat stasis obstructing in the lung were included. According to whether using QHF （the course of treatment ≥ 7 days）， they were divided into the exposure group （193 cases） and the non-exposure group （112 cases）. Totally， 109 pairs of cases were obtained by 1∶1 propensity score matching （PSM）. After matching， the occurrence of thrombotic events during hospitalization， the remission of main symptoms or signs （including cough， expectoration， wheezing， cyanosis） after 10 days （±3 days） of treatment， and the difference of the indicators including D-dimer， percentage of neutrophils （NEUT%）， C-reactive protein （CRP）， arterial partial pressure of oxygen （PaO₂）， and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide （PaCO₂） before treatment and after 10 days （±3 days） of treatment during the first auxiliary examination. ResultsAfter matching， the incidence of thrombotic events during hospitalization in the exposure group （5 cases， 4.59%） were lower than that of the non-exposure group （15 cases， 13.76%， P＜0.05）. The exposure factor that taking QHF for 7 days or above was a protective factor for thrombotic events in AECOPD hospitalized patients with phlegm heat stasis obstructing in the lung syndrome （RR = 0.333， 95% CI 0.126 to 0.885）. The remission rates of cough （100/109， 91.74%）， expectoration （103/109， 94.50%）， wheezing （102/109， 93.58%）， and cyanosis （97/109， 88.99%） in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the non-exposure group （90/109， 82.57%； 94/109， 86.24%； 89/109， 81.65%； 86/109， 78.90%） after treatment （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the levels of D-dimer， NEUT%， CRP and PaCO₂ in both groups significantly decreased （all P＜0.05）， and the level of PaO₂ significantly increased （P＜0.05）. The difference of the levels of D-dimer， NEUT% and PaO₂ in the exposure group before and after treatment were larger than those in the non-exposure group （P＜0.05）， while the pre-post difference of CRP and PaCO₂ were not significantly different between the two groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionThe synergistic treatment with QHF can effectively reduce the occurrence of thrombotic events， alleviate the clinical symptoms or signs such as cough， expectoration， wheezing， and cyanosis， and can improve lung function in hospita-lized patients with AECOPD and phlegm heat stasis obstructing in the lung syndrome. Its mechanism may be related to improving blood coagulation and inflammatory status.