To investigate the therapeutic effect of high-dosage gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on acute tetramine (TET) poisoning, 50 Kunming mice were divided into 5 groups at random and the antidotal effects of GABA or sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate (Na-DMPS) on poisoned mice in different groups were observed in order to compare the therapeutic effects of high-dosage GABA with those of Na-DMPS. Slices of brain tissue of the poisoned mice were made to examine pathological changes of cells. The survival analysis was employed. Our results showed that both high-dosage GABA and Na-DMPS could obviously prolong the survival time, delay onset of convulsion and muscular twitch, and ameliorate the symptoms after acute tetramine poisoning in the mice. Better effects could be achieved with earlier use of high dosage GABA or Na-DMPS. There was no significant difference in prolonging the survival time between high-dose GABA and Na-DMPS used immediately after poisioning. It is concluded that high-dosage GABA can effectively antagonize acute toxicity of teramine in mice. And it is suggested that high-dosage GABA may be used as an excellent antidote for acute TET poisoning in clinical practice. The indications and correct dosage for clinical use awaits to be further studied.
Acute Disease ; Antidotes/*administration & dosage ; Antidotes/therapeutic use ; Bridged Compounds/*poisoning ; Random Allocation ; Rodenticides/*poisoning ; Unithiol/therapeutic use ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*administration & dosage ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/therapeutic use

The medical service payment system reform is one of core issues in medical and health system reform.The main content of diagnosis related groups-prospective payment system includes diagnosis coding standardization,medical records front sheet standardization,diagnosis grouping,medical information management.To successfully implement the payment system,it is important to implement clinical pathway,sign medical services agreement,accurately complete medical records from sheet,interdepartmentally cooperate.

Objective To investigate the effects of different fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components (water-soluble, organic, water-soluble+organic) in vivo on the NOS/NO system in the endothelial cells from rat thoracic aortas. Methods Three PM2.5 components were used to inject by vein in rat tail. ELISA and immunohistochemical technique were used to examine the change of NOS/NO system in the blood-serum and the endothelial cells from rat thoracic aorta. Results Compared with control group, three PM2.5 components increased NO level of rat blood-serum [control, (38.00±5.40) μmol/L; water-soluble group, (44.66±16.59) μmol/L, t =3.58, P< 0.05; organic groups, (58.28±12.30) μmol/L, t =12.85, P <0.01; mixtural component group, (84.02+19.24) μmol/L, t =31.39, P<0.01]; increased iNOS level of rat blood-serum [control, (17.47±5.33) U/ml; water-soluble group, (21.87±4.63) U/ml, t =4.92, P <0.05; organic groups, (25.27±6.58) U/ml, t = 6.22, P<0.05; Mixtural component group, (32.79±5.86) U/ml, t =32.84, P <0.01]. Mixtural component decreased eNOS level of rat blood-serum [(12.58±4.59) pg/ml vs (17.47±2.97) pg/ml, t =5.91, P <0.05], no significant difference on eNOS level of blood-serum among other component groups (P >0.05). Three components decreased the expression of eNOS protein in the endothelial cells from rat thoracic aorta(control, 164.68±4.80; water-soluble group, 185.43±5.63, t =4.26, P <0.05; organic groups, 194.07±9.77, t =5.26, P <0.05; Mixtural component group, 209.24±15.43, t =43.19, P <0.01), increased the expression of iNOS protein (control, 160.17±5.79; water-soluble group, 134.78±8.22, t =5.21, P <0.05; organic groups, 134.78±8.22, t =5.98, P <0.05; Mixtural component group, 81.62 ±10.59, t =34.98, P <0.01) in the endothelial cells from rat thoracic aortas.Conclusion Three components of PM2.5 induced the dysfunction of endothelial cells and disorder of NOS/NO system in the endothelial cells.

Objective To study the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)cytokine expression of BV-2 cells induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by siRNA targeting TLR4 gene via the RNAi mechanisms.Method BV-2 mouse microglial cell line was cultured in six-well plates and randomly divided into group N(nor-mal group),group H(hypoxia-reoxygenation),group T(hypoxia-reoxygenation+TLR4-siRNA transfected group),group C(hypoxia-reoxygenation+pEGFP-H1/control-siRNA transfected group)and group B(hypox-ia-reoxygenation+pEGFP-H1 transfected group).Group H,group T,group C and group B were cultured in hy-poxia condition for 3 h followed by reoxygenation for 24 h.The plasma was transfected into BV-2 cells mediated by lipofectamine 2000.The efficiency of transfection were detected by flow cytometry to observe the expression of EGFP.RT-PCR method was used to detect the level of mRNA of TLR4 or NF-кB p65.Westem blot methed was used to test the expression of TLR4 protein.and ELISA was used to test the level of TNF-α in the supernatants.Analysis of variances was used for statistical analysis.Results The expression of EGFP gene waa;(67.58±7.16)% after transfection by flow cytometry analysis.Compared to group N,the TLR4 mRNA,NF-кB p65 mR-NA,TLR4 protein level and the TNF-α quantity in group H,group T,group C and group B increased after the hy-poxia-reoxygenation treatment(P＜0.01).While the expression of the TLR4 mRNA,NF-кB p65 mRNA,TLR4 protein level and the TNF-α quantity in the group T down-regulated compared to group H,group C and group B(P＜0.01).And there were no changes in group C,group B and group H about observation index(P＞0.05).Conclusions The siRNA targeting TLR4 mRNA could inhibit the inflammatory reaction released by BV-2 cells in-duced by hypoxia-reoxygenation stimulation.

AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of swainsonine-induced apoptosis on SGC-7901 cells. METHODES: After being treated with swainsonine, effective dose and median inhibition concentration (IC50) of swainsonine to SGC-7901 cells were examined by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rates were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of p53, c-myc and Bcl-2 were determined by immunocyto- chemical method, and the concentration of Ca2+ intra-cellular ([Ca2+]i ) was measured by the laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). RESULTS: Swainsonine inhibited cell growth of SGC-7901 in vitro, IC50 of 24 h was 0.84 μg·ml-l, and complete inhibition concentration of swainsonine was 6.2 μg·ml-l. Treated with swainsonine at the concentrations of 0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 μg·ml-l for 24 h, the expression of apoptosis inhibiting gene p53 and bcl-2 decreased, and apoptotic trigger gene c-myc increased (P<0.05), as well as [Ca2+]i overloading, SGC-7901 cell was induced to apoptosis in the end. The percentage of S phase were 38.8%, 39.7% and 29.6%, respectively (20.0% in control group and 23.2% in 5-Fu group), the percentage of G2/M phase were 4.5%, 1.7% and 5.3%, respectively (5.5% in control group and 9.0% in 5-Fu group), and the percentage of G1/M phase was not altered. SGC-7901 cells were treated by swainsonine at the concentrations of 0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 μg·ml-l for 24 h. Compared with the control group, the percentage of S phase were increased and that of G2/M cells were decreased significantly in treatment groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Swainsonine can inhibit the cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells, the mechanisms of swainsonine-induced apoptosis may related with [Ca2+]i overloading and expression of apoptosis-related genes.

Objective To observe the changes in concentrations of pulmonary surfactant SP-A/B in lung tissue during acute lung injury (ALI) /acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by acute paraquat poisoning (PQP) after the treatment with metabolic antioxidant,lipoic acid,and to explore the potential involvement of TNF-α in ALI/ARDS as well as to discuss the assumed protective mechanisms of lipoic acid against acute lung injury.Methods Sixty-six male Sprage-Dawley rats were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups,namely control group (NS,n =6),paraquat poisoning group (PQ,n =30),paraquat + lipoic acid treatment group (LA,n =30).Then both group PQ and group LA were further divided separately into five subgroups,namely 3,6,12,24 and 48 h subgroups (n =6 in each subgroup).After rats sacrificed,the lung tissues were selected,and after HE staining,histological changes were observed under light microscope.Histopathological changes were inflammation and fibrosis in models successfully established.The lung tissues were also taken for tests of SOD and MDA levels.Specimens of whole blood 0.8 mL without anticoagulant were taken from tail vein of rats for determining the TNF-α level.The expressions of SP-A mRNA and SP-B mRNA were measured with RT-PCR from total RNA of the lung tissue.Results ① HE staining showed that the histopathological changes were milder in LA group than that in PQ group.② There were significant differences in MDA and SOD levels between different intervals both in intergroups and intragroup except the groups of 3 hours (P ＜ 0.01).③ Likewise,the significant differences in the levels of TNF-α were also present between three groups and between different intervals (P＜0.01).④ The significant differences in SP-A mRNA and SP-B mRNA amplification ratio existed between three groups at the same interval (P ＜ 0.01),but those differences between different intervals in group PQ were of statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).And those differences between diffirent intervals in group LA were statistically significant (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Lipoic acid in acute paraquat poisoning could lessen lung tissue damage,which might be directly dominated by the levels of tumor necrosis factor,and in turn indirectly affect the content of pulmonary surfactant,thereby reducing pulmonary edema and improving lung compliance,then protecting the lung tissues.

Objective To study the expression of S100A8 and the relationship between S100A8 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods C3H/HeJ mice with TLR4 gene mutation (n =30) and C3H/HeN with normal TLR4 gene mice (n =30) were divided into 4 groups at random (random number),namely C3H/HeJ model group (n =18),C3H/HeJ control group (n =12),and C3H/HeN model group (n =18).C3H/HeN control group (n =12).Middle cerebral artery was occluded to make I/R model in mice by using thread embolism method.Brain tissues were collected after ischemia for one hour and reperfusion for 12 hours.Stroke outcome was evaluated by determination of infarct volume of brain tissue and assessment of neurological scores.And brain injury after cerebral I/R was observed by optical microscope after TTC and HE staining.The immunofluorescence technique and RT-PCR were used to determine the protein level and expression of S100A8 mRNA in damaged brain tissues.Results Compared with C3H/HeN model mice,TLR4-deficient model mice (C3H/ He J) had lower infarct volumes and better outcomes of neurological function after resuscitation for 12 hours.Compared with control groups,the expression of S100A8 mRNA and level of S100A8 protein increased greatly in damaged brain tissues of model mice after I/R injury.In addition,model mice with lacked TLR4 (C3H/HeJ) had lower expression of I/R-induced S100A8 mRNA than C3H/HeN mice in model group,indicating that the close relationship between the levels of S100A8 and TLR4.Conclusions S100A8 interaction with TLR4 might be involved in brain damage and in inflammation triggered by I/R injury.

Tryptanthrin is a kind of indole quinazoline alkaloid.In this review,recently reported research progresses of tryptanthrin on extraction,systhesis and pharmalogical action have been mainly summarized.The effect of tryptanthrin on antimicrobial,antiinflammatory and antitumor activities has been found,showing its good application and development perspective.

Objective To discuss the application of visualization software of CiteSpaceⅢ to the treatment and research of transfusion medicine.Methods The software of CiteSpaceⅢ and the function of the reference database ISI Web of Science itself were used to the study.Results In the past 16 years,paper quantity and cited frequency on transfusion medicine re-search had the wave-like increasing tendency year by year.The research forces of the field were mainly distributed in Europe and the United States,the research hot spot and frontier around the blood safety,change over time in a dynamic develop-ment.Conclusion The study reveals the progress and development tendency of transfusion medicine,which could provide ef-fective reference for related research.