In this study, the influence of the duration of opening vestibular window and the application of suction in auditory bulla on cochlear function and ultrastructures were observed by ECochG and scanning and transmission election microscopy in 44 guinea pigs divided into six groups. The results were as follows: (1) The CAP thresholds progressively enhanced as the prolongation of duration in some of outer hair cells in the basal turn occured 180 minutes after total stapedectomy. (2)Significant CAP threshold shift and irreversible pathological changes in some outer hair cells in the basal turn of cochlea were found with continuous suction for 60 minutes in auditory bulla after total stapedectomy. (3)CAP threshold shift without damage of outer hair cells could be fourd with the application of suction for 60 mimutes in auditory bulla before stapedectomy. The results suggested that opening vestibular window for longer time with suction in auditory bulla might be one of the factors to cause postoperative sensorineural hearing loss in total stapedectomy. But the suction noise might not be enough to cause postoperative sensorineural hearing loss in tympanoplasty due to its relatively low intensity.

Objective Distortion product otoaconstic emission (DPOAE) was compared withauditory brain－stem response (ABR) in the early diagnosis of gentamicin (GM) ototoxicity. Whetherimpaired hearing could be improved with the glutathione treatment after its withdrawl of injection.Methods40 guinea pigs with normal hearing were randomly divided into 4 groups, 10 in DPOAEgroup, 12 in ABR I group (the usage of GM was stopped when abnormal shift presented in ABR), 12 inABR Ⅱ (group glutathione was injected for 5 after the usage of GM had been stopped), 6 in controlgroup. The guinea pigs in experimental group were injected with GM 100mg/kg per day, while those inthe control group were injected with saline. The DPOAE and ABR were monitored to observe the ampli-tude and the threshold of wave IV. The morphological changes of hair cells were also observed after injec-tion of GM had been stopped for 2 weeks. ResultsIt was averaged at 7d after the injection of GMwhen the changes presented in DPOAE group, while 10d in ABR group. The threshold shift increasedafter the injection had been stopped for 2 weeks in ABR Ⅰ group ( P <0.01) ,while there was no obvi-ous shift in ABR Ⅱ group. The morphological and functional changes of the hair cells were almost thesame. Conclusion GM ototoxicity could be more sensitively observed by DPOAE than ABR. Glu-tathione could prevent further ototoxic effect of GM to the cochlear.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the HPLC fingerprint for Anemone raddeana. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Phemomenex Gemini C18 with mobile phase of 0.1%phosphoric acid-acetonitrile(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 206 nm,the column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 20μl. With the refer-ence of raddeanin A,13 batches of A. raddeana were analyzed,chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system software was conducted for similarity analysis,and SPSS 13.0 was conducted for cluster analysis. RESULTS:There were 11 common peaks in the 13 batches of A. raddeana with similarity of higher than 0.90. According to the verification,the fingerprint and control fin-gerprint shows good consistency. The drugs in Huadian,Jiaohe, Tiangang,Shulan,Tonghua and Fusong of Jilin and Shangzhi of Heilongjiang were regarded as category 1,and in Harbin,Yabuli town and Yimianpo of Heilongjiang,Qingyuan of Liaoning,Ji-nan of Shandong were category 2. CONCLUSIONS:The established fingerprint can provide reference for the identification and quality evaluation of A. raddeana.

AIM To explore the mercury accumulation in KM mice after being given Zuotai at different doses and time.METHODS KM mice were randomly divided into blank group,Zuotai low-,middle-and high-dose (6.07,60.70 and 606.97 mg/kg,42 d;606.97 mg/kg,14 d) groups.The mercury contents in brain (olfactory bulb,cortex,hippocampus,hypothalamus,brain stem,cerebellum),heart,lung,kidney,liver,spleen,serum,muscle of mice were measured after administration.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,Zuotai at low-dose significantly increased the mercury contents in hippocampus,cerebellum,lung,kidney,liver and serum of mice after 42-day treatment;Zuotai at middle-dose markedly increased the mercury contents in olfactory bulb,cortex,hippocampus,brain stem,cerebellum,heart,lung,kidney,liver,spleen and serum of mice after 42-day treatment;the mice treated with high-dose of Zuotai for 42,14 days significantly increased the mercury contents in olfactory bulb,cortex,hippocampus,hypothalamus,brain stem,cerebellum,heart,lung,kidney,liver,spleen,muscle and serum.CONCLUSION Mercury can be accumulated in different tissues of mice after intragastric administration of Zuotai in a dose-and time-dependent manner,which suggests that Zuotai and its compound preparations should not be used in high-dose and long-term.

Aim To investigate the effect of PLK1 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)of human e-sophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)cells TE-1 5 and its relevant molecular mechanisms.Methods PLK1 overexpressed ESCC cells and control vector were used as the experimental cells.The expression of EMT-related protein markers E-cadherin and vimentin were measured by Western blot.vimentin mRNA was measured by Real-time PCR.Total cellular protein and nuclear protein were respectively extracted,and then they were used to detect the expression of β-catenin by Western blot.β-catenin siRNA and non-specific siR-NA were transiently transfected into the cell clones overexpressed PLK1 ,and then vimentin was detected by Western blot.β-catenin protein degradation com-plex was detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blot.Results The mesenchymal marker vimentin was distinctively upregulated and the epithelial marker E-cadherin was distinctively downregulated in the cell clones overexpressed PLK1 ,compared with those in the vector clones.This indicated that EMT occurred in ESCC cells.vimentin mRNA was also markedly in-creased.In the cell clones overexpressed PLK1 ,β-catenin were both elevated from the total cells and the nucleus.The expression of vimentin was reduced whenβ-catenin was knocked down.APC and GSK-3βwere both reduced from Axin immunoprecipitate in the cell clones overexpressed PLK1 .Conclusion PLK1 up-regulates vimentin and promotes EMT in ESCC cells probably by inhibiting the formation of protein degrada-tion complex and stabilizing β-catenin.

Objective To explore the value of blood inflammatory load in predicting overall survival of elderly patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods Elderly patients with EOC were selected, and their clinical data and peripheral blood parameters were collected. We constructed an inflammation-related blood scoring system using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis to identify the independent prognostic factors. A nomogram model was constructed based on independent prognostic factors, and the receiver operating characteristic curve, C-index, and calibration curve were used to evaluate the model. Results Patients with high blood inflammatory load had worse prognosis (P=0.002). Compared with the low inflammatory load group, patients with high inflammatory load had later clinical stages and larger ascites volume (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that ACCI, CA125, residual lesions, and blood score were independent factors affecting overall survival (P<0.05). Conclusion The blood inflammatory load is the biomarker for the prognosis of elderly patients with EOC. Scoring the inflammatory load in the blood can assist in efficacy monitoring and treatment intervention of ovarian cancer patients.

Objective: To investigate the use of mobile fitness application (APP) and healthy lifestyles of college students, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the health quality of college students and promoting the national scientific fitness. Methods: From August to October 2023, 591 college students from three universities in Jinan and Weifang Cities, Shandong Province were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method, and the online questionnaire was conducted on the mobile fitness APP use behavior and healthy lifestyle. The ttest and analysis of variance were used to assess the differences in healthy lifestyle of college students, and stratified linear regression was used to analyze the effect of mobile fitness APP use on healthy lifestyle. Results: The utilization rate of mobile fitness APP among college students was 82.57% (n=488), and the average score of healthy lifestyles was (3.49±0.66). The differences in students healthy lifestyle scores between different residences, grades, majors, monthly living expenses, annual personal visits, and family medical expenses were statistically significant (t/F=23.82, 4.87, 6.07, 10.17, 3.79, 16.92, P<0.05). The results of stratified regression analysis showed that the overall evaluation of mobile fitness APP, and the recommendation intention of mobile fitness phone APP were the main related factors of healthy lifestyles among college students (β=0.47, 0.06, P<0.05). Conclusions College students have a high degree of use of the mobile fitness APP, and the mobile fitness APP is positively associated with a healthy lifestyle.It should increase the publicity and promotion of mobile fitness APP to promote college students to develop a healthy lifestyle.

OBJECTIVETo describe dietary sodium intakes and resources among residents in Shandong province.

METHODSA total of 2184 subjects were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from 18-69 years old people in Shandong province in June, 2011. A total of 2140 subjects completed the study, the completion rate was 98.0%. Three-day (24-hour per day) dietary recalls and weighting methods were conducted to collect information about all the foods and condiments consumed by the subjects. Individual dietary sodium intake was calculated, the differences of dietary sodium intake among subjects with different characteristics were analyzed, and the proportions of different dietary sodium resources were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe amount of individual dietary sodium intake was 5745.0 (95%CI:5427.6-6062.5) mg/d in Shandong; 6147.4 (95%CI: 5823.8-6471.0) mg/d for male residents, 5339.3 (95%CI:5005.8-5672.8) mg/d for female residents. There was a significant difference between males and females (F = 75.22, P < 0.01). The amount of individual dietary sodium intake was 5910.1 (95%CI:5449.3-6370.8) mg/d, 5341.6 (95%CI:5007.0-5676.1) mg/d for rural residents and urban residents respectively, and there was also a significant difference (F = 5.53, P < 0.05). The amount of condiment sodium intake was 4640.3 (95%CI:4360.2-4920.4) mg/d, which was the largest contributor to sodium intake, accounting for 80.8% (95%CI:79.9%-81.6%) of total intake. Sodium intake from cereals was 650.7 (95%CI: 590.5-711.0) mg/d, accounting for 11.3% (95%CI:10.3%-12.3%) of total intake. Sodium intake from eggs was 118.9 (95%CI:95.2-142.6) mg/d, accounting for 2.1% (95%CI:1.6%-2.6%) of total intake. The amount of manufactured food sodium intake was 582.1(95%CI: 497.8-666.4) mg/d, accounting for 10.1% (95%CI:8.9%-11.4%) of total intake.

CONCLUSIONSodium intakes remain high among residents of Shandong province, and sodium from condiments was the largest source of dietary sodium intake, sodium of manufactured food only accounting for small part.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Condiments ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet Surveys ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sodium, Dietary ; Young Adult

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; pathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; pathology ; Pelvic Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Objective:To develop a robotic digestive endoscope system (RDES) and to evaluate its feasibility, safety and control performance by experiments.Methods:The RDES was designed based on the master-slave control system, which consisted of 3 parts: the integrated endoscope, including a knob and button robotic control system integrated with a gastroscope; the robotic mechanical arm system, including the base and arm, as well as the endoscopic advance-retreat control device (force-feedback function was designed) and the endoscopic axial rotation control device; the control console, including a master manipulator and an image monitor. The operator sit far away from the endoscope and controlled the master manipulator to bend the end of the endoscope and to control advance, retract and rotation of the endoscope. The air supply, water supply, suction, figure fixing and motion scaling switching was realized by pressing buttons on the master manipulator. In the endoscopy experiments performed on live pigs, 5 physicians each were in the beginner and advanced groups. Each operator operated RDES and traditional endoscope (2 weeks interval) to perform porcine gastroscopy 6 times, comparing the examination time. In the experiment of endoscopic circle drawing on the inner wall of the simulated stomach model, each operator in the two groups operated RDES 1∶1 motion scaling, 5∶1 motion scaling and ordinary endoscope to complete endoscopic circle drawing 6 times, comparing the completion time, accuracy (i.e. trajectory deviation) and workload.Results:RDES was operated normally with good force feedback function. All porcine in vivo gastroscopies were successful, without mucosal injury, bleeding or perforation. In beginner and advanced groups, the examination time of both RDES and ordinary endoscopy tended to decrease as the number of operations increased, but the decrease in time was greater for operating RDES than for operating ordinary endoscope (beginner group P=0.033; advanced group P=0.023). In the beginner group, the operators operating RDES with 1∶1 motion scaling or 5∶1 motion scaling to complete endoscopic circle drawing had shorter completion time [1.68 (1.40, 2.17) min, 1.73 (1.47, 2.37) min VS 4.13 (2.27, 5.16) min, H=32.506, P<0.001], better trajectory deviation (0.50±0.11 mm, 0.46±0.11 mm VS 0.82±0.26 mm, F=38.999, P<0.001], and less workload [42.00 (30.00, 50.33) points, 43.33 (35.33, 54.00) points VS 52.67 (48.67, 63.33) points, H=20.056, P<0.001] than operating ordinary endoscope. In the advanced group, the operators operating RDES with 1∶1 or 5∶1 motion scaling to complete endoscopic circle drawing had longer completion time than operating ordinary endoscope [1.72 (1.37, 2.53) min, 1.57 (1.25, 2.58) min VS 1.15 (0.86, 1.58) min, H=13.233, P=0.001], but trajectory deviation [0.47 (0.13, 0.57) mm, 0.44 (0.39, 0.58) mm VS 0.52 (0.42, 0.59) mm, H=3.202, P=0.202] and workload (44.62±21.77 points, 41.24±12.57 points VS 44.71±17.92 points, F=0.369, P=0.693) were not different from those of the ordinary endoscope. Conclusion:The RDES enables remote control, greatly reducing the endoscopists' workload. Additionally, it gives full play to the cooperative motion function of the large and small endoscopic knobs, making the control more flexible. Finally, it increases motion scaling switching function to make the control of endoscope more flexible and more accurate. It is also easy for beginners to learn and master, and can shorten the training period. So it can provide the possibility of remote endoscopic control and fully automated robotic endoscope.