Objective To observe the effects and mechanism of lung inflation with carbon monoxide (CO) during the cold ischemia phase on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after rat lung transplantation.Method Twenty-four pairs of SD rats were selected to establish the model of lung transplantation,and random number method was used to divide 24 donors into 3 groups with 8 rats in each group.(1) CO inflation group (CO group):During the cold ischemia phase,500 ppm CO +volume fraction 40％ O2 + N2 was used for lung inflation,and the volume was 5 mL/kg;(2) O2 inflation group (O2 group):During the cold ischemia phase,volume fraction 40％ O2 + volume fraction 60％ N2 was used for lung inflation;(3) Control group:The lung was deflated during the cold ischemia phase.The gas was replaced every 30 min in the CO and O2 groups,and the lung transplantations were performed after 180 min of cold ischemia.The arterial blood gas analysis was performed at baseline,3 min after reperfusion,and 60,120,and 180 min after reperfusion.The recipient serum levels of relative inflammatory factors,lung tissue cell apoptosis and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein expression were detected after 180 min of reperfusion.Result As compared with the control group (238 ± 61 mm Hg),the oxygenation index in the O2 group (293 ± 78 mm Hg) and CO group (361 ± 48 mm Hg) was increased (P＜0.05),and as compared with the O2 group,that in the CO group was increased (P＜0.05).Furthermore,as compared with the control group,the interleukin (IL)-8,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,and cell apoptosis in the O2 group and CO group were decreased significantly,and as compared with the O2 group,those in the CO group and NF-κB protein expression were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion Lung inflation with CO during the cold ischemia phase ameliorated the rat lung IRI via reducing the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis mediated by the NF-κB pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen preconditioning during cold ischemia phase on the activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2) in rat pulmonary microvascular en-dothelial cells ( PMVECs) subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation ( H/R) . Methods PMVECs were isolated from clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 weeks, using the tissue block adherence method and divided into 4 groups ( n=25 each) using a random number table method: control group ( group C) , H/R group, oxygen group ( O group) and hydrogen group ( H group) . Cells were incubated for 4 h with 4℃ low potassium dextransolution ( LPD) pre-equilibrated with 95％ oxygen and 5％ carbondioxide to simulate the cold ischemia phase. LPD pre-balanced with 95％ oxygen and 5％ carbon dioxide was replaced with LPD, and then cells were incubated for 1 h at room temperature to simulate the lung transplantation period. LPD was rapidly replaced with 37℃ M199 complete culture solution, and cells were incubated in the mixture of 40％ oxygen-5％ carbondioxide-55％ nitrogen to simulate the reperfusion period. In O and H groups, the cells were exposed to 40％ oxygen-60％ nitrogen and 3％ hydrogen-40％ oxygen-57％ nitrogen during the cold ischemia period, respectively, and the gas mixture was replaced every 20 min. The cell culture fluid was collected 4 h later for determination of interleukin ( IL )-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) concentrations ( by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and malondialdehyde ( MDA) concen-trations ( by thiobarbituric acid method) . The cytoplasm and nucleoproteins were extracted for measurement of Nrf2 expression ( by Western blot) and cell apoptosis ( by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay) . The cell apoptosis rate was calculated. Results Compared with C group, the IL-6, TNF-α and MDA levels were significantly increased, the IL-10 level was decreased, the apoptosis rate was increased, and the expres-sion of Nrf2 in nucleus was up-regulated in H/R group ( P＞0. 05) . Compared with H/R group, the IL-6, TNF-α and MDA levels were significantly decreased, the IL-10 level was increased, the apoptosis rate was decreased, and the Nrf2 expression in cytoplasm was down-regulated in O and H groups (P＜0. 05), the Nrf2 expression was significantly up-regulated in H group ( P＜0. 05) , and no significant change was found in the expression of Nrf2 in nucleus in O group ( P＞0. 05) . Compared with O group, the IL-6, TNF-αand MDA levels were significantly decreased, the IL-10 level was increased, the apoptosis rate was decreased, the expression of Nrf2 in nucleus was up-regulated, and the expression of Nrf2 protein in cytoplasm was down-regulated in H group ( P＜0. 05 ) . Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen preconditioning during cold ischemia phase reduces H/R injury to rat PMVECs is related to activating Nrf2 and thus inhibi-ting oxidative stress.

Background: Neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) is a typical treatment for severe epigastric cancer pain, but the therapeutic effect is often affected by the variation of local anatomical structures induced by the tumor. Greater and lesser splanchnic nerve neurolysis (SNN) had similar effects to the NCPB, and was recently performed with a paravertebral approach under the image guidance, or with the transdiscal approach under the guidance of computed tomography. This study observed the feasibility and safety of SNN via a transdiscal approach under fluoroscopic guidance. Methods: The follow-up records of 34 patients with epigastric cancer pain who underwent the splanchnic nerve block via the T11-12 transdiscal approach under fluoroscopic guidance were investigated retrospectively. The numerical rating scale (NRS), the patient satisfaction scale (PSS) and quality of life (QOL) of the patient, the dose of morphine consumed, and the occurrence and severity of adverse events were recorded preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months after surgery. Results: Compared with the preoperative scores, the NRS scores and daily morphine consumption decreased and the QOL and PSS scores increased at each postoperative time point (P < 0.001). No patients experienced serious complications. Conclusions SNN via the transdiscal approach under flouroscopic guidance was an effective, safe, and easy operation for epigastric cancer pain, with fewer complications.