Objective The purpose of this paper was to discuss the problemsexisted in the process of clinical scientific and technological achievements transformation which hampered a lot of technology transfer in public hospitals,and put forward countermeasures and suggestions.Methods This paper took the Tenth people’s hospital,Tongji University as an example,analyzed current situations in public hospitals,proposed some countermeasures and suggestions and ultimately listed the achievements.Results We carried out measures to enhance our scientific and technological achievements transformation such as institution guarantee,organization guarantee,publicity education guarantee,fund guarantee and strategy cooperation.And we got achievements in scientific and technological achievements transformation.Conclusions The achievements in the process of clinical scientific and technological achievements transformation make the transformation of intellectual property to develop smoothly.

Objective The basic feature of translational medicine is collaborative innovation by multiple disciplines.The essence of translational medicine is the management innovation.Public hospitals have the advantages of disciplines and talents,which is one of the main forces for translational medicine research.Study on the current situation of intellectual property right (IPR) management department in public hospitals and the demand analysis of medical staff in the medical translation will improve the management system of innovational medical technology and support the government policymaking.Methods Questionnaire survey was carried out in the part of Shanghai secondary and tertiary public hospitals.Results A total of 150 questionnaires were surveyed with a responding rate of 98％.Nearly 65 ％ of inventors do not know the basic situation of the administrative staff,which is in charge of the IPR management.The main work focuses on the patent application (accounting for 70.9％ of the responders).The medical staff want be supported in four areas including professional team(accounting for 62.5％ of the responders),special funds(accounting for 80.3％ of the responders),public research platform(accounting for 55.7％ of the responders) and talent policy(accounting for 43.6％ of the responders).Conclusions Full time management of IPR is proposed,active awareness of the administrative staff needs to be strengthened and government should support in these four areas.

Tongue diagnosis is one of the diagnostic methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), but its development has always been restricted by the lack of objective quantitative indicators. With the rapid development of computer technology and the advent of the algorithm era, the modernization of TCM tongue diagnosis has gradually become a hot research spot. This paper annalyses the literature and related patents of the modernization of tongue diagnosis and summarizes the R&D progress and application of tongue diagnosis as well as related instruments. It is found that domestic and foreign scholars focus on tongue diagnosis related research and attach importance to the formulation of relevant international standards. Tongue collection and analysis technology continues to develop; tongue diagnostic instruments are also gradually enriched. At present, their applications are extended to family self-use, but they are still mainly used in teaching, scientific research and other fields, involving the clinical efficacy evaluation of TCM, clinical case classification and health management, and there is still much room for development. In the future, we should strengthen the communication between multi-regional research centers, promote the communication among talents in different fields, constantly make up for the deficiencies and promote the development of tongue diagnosis research.

Cell-based therapies have been used as promising treatments for several untreatable diseases. However, cellbased therapies have side effects such as tumorigenesis and immune responses. To overcome these side effects, therapeutic effects of exosomes have been researched as replacements for cell-based therapies. In addition, exosomes reduced the risk that can be induced by cell-based therapies. Exosomes contain biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that play an essential role in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions during biological processes. Since the introduction of exosomes, those have been proven perpetually as one of the most effective and therapeutic methods for incurable diseases. Much research has been conducted to enhance the properties of exosomes, including immune regulation, tissue repair, and regeneration. However, yield rate of exosomes is the critical obstacle that should be overcome for practical cell-free therapy. Three-dimensional (3D) culture methods are introduced as a breakthrough to get higher production yields of exosomes. For example, hanging drop and microwell were well known 3D culture methods and easy to use without invasiveness. However, these methods have limitation in mass production of exosomes. Therefore, a scaffold, spinner flask, and fiber bioreactor were introduced for mass production of exosomes isolated from various cell types. Furthermore, exosomes treatments derived from 3D cultured cells showed enhanced cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppressive properties. This review provides therapeutic applications of exosomes using 3D culture methods.

Meridian theory plays an important role in the guidance of clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion. Since the publication of(), the meridian theory has been developed. In the paper, in view of complex science, the topological properties of acupoint-symptom network were analyzed quantitatively by taking acupoint as node and indication as the connection, such as high clustering coefficient and the small world effect. It was the first time to give the abstraction for the topological proof of the high efficiency information transmission property of acupoint-symptom network meridian system at different times. Its quantitative and digitalized significance was analyzed on the development of meridian theory under the complex scientific background so as to provide a new thought and method for the study of meridian theory and acupuncture modernization.

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively investigate the feasibility of using 2 small intravenous catheters for high-rate computed tomography (CT) contrast injection in patients lacking superficial veins capable of accommodating ≤ 20-gauge catheters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight consecutive eligible adults referred for dynamic liver CT were enrolled; 58 had previously undergone liver CT, including 8 that experienced extravasation. Two 22- or 24-gauge catheters were placed in all patients after 2–5 venipunctures, and 2 mL/kg of contrast agent (370 mg I/mL) was split-administered through both catheters to achieve total flow rate of 4 mL/s. Patients' experience and examination success rate, defined as uneventful scans completed at 4 mL/s or at < 4 mL/s achieving standard image quality in all phases, were analyzed. Quantitative hepatic signal-to-noise and hepatic vascular contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were compared with 30 control examinations scanned at 4 mL/s using an 18-gauge catheter. RESULTS: One case each of extravasation and severe injection pain caused the examination to be aborted. Success rate was 88.2% (60/68; 54 patients scanned at 4 mL/s, 6 at 3.5–3.9 mL/s). Fifty-five of 58 patients (94.8%) that had past CT regarded the venipuncture as more tolerable than (n = 36) or similar to (n = 19) past experiences; 45 of 58 patients (77.6%) found contrast injection less painful than (n = 35) or similar to (n = 10) past experiences. When compared with control examinations, signal-to-noise ratio was similar in all phases (p ≥ 0.502), but the hepatic arterial CNR in arterial phase was slightly inferior (p ≤ 0.047). CONCLUSION: Using 2 small intravenous catheters can effectively achieve high-rate CT contrast injection in patients lacking adequate superficial veins.
Adult ; Catheters* ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Liver ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Patient Satisfaction ; Phlebotomy ; Prospective Studies ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Veins*