Objective: The purpose of the present study was to screen the prevalence of aneurysms in migraineurs; to differentiate presenting features in migraineurs with and without aneurysm; and also to correlate the locations of aneurysm to the clinical features of migraine. Methods: A total of 4,416 subjects were interviewed and completed self-reported questionnaires on headache. Of these, 1,773 subjects diagnosed to have migraines based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders II (ICHD-II) criteria were screened for aneurysm by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). When aneurysm was suspected, further investigation with trans femoral cerebral angiography (TFCA) or three dimensional computerized tomography (CT) angiography was performed. Based upon MRA findings, subjects were grouped into unruptured aneurysm migraine patients (UAMP) and no aneurysm migraine patients (NAMP). Results: The prevalence of aneurysm was 3.6% (63 of 1,773) with the mean age of 56.0 years, which were not different from those of general population. There was no difference in migraine subtypes between UAMP and NAMP. Aggravation of headache by estrogen replacement therapy during menopause (p=.039), history of migraine in young age (p= .021), diplopia (p=.026), and retroauricular pain (p=.025) were significantly associated with presence of aneurysm. Although aneurysms were detected more in anterior circulation, there was no correlation between aneurysm site and headache location. The average size of aneurysm was 3.5 ± 2.1 mm and none were ruptured. Interventional therapy of aneurysm did not alter the feature of migraine. Conclusions: The incidence of aneurysm was not different in migraine patients as compared to the general population. Some features which significantly differentiate whether migrainuers have aneurysm or not warrant further study to have a predictive and localizing value.

Malignant tumours of the oral cavity that require resection of the tongue result in severe deficiencies in speech and deglutition. In such patients, improvements in mastication, swallowing, and speech may be reasonable goals for treatment. The viability of a prosthodontic approach to treatment depends on the type and extent of surgery. In a total glossectomy, a mandibular tongue prosthesis is the treatment of choice. Mandibular tongue prosthesis occupies the space in the floor of the oral cavity. It provides the patients with a platform for directing food into the esophagus and aids in speaking. This type of prosthesis can achieve that protection of the underlying fragile tissue and improvement in appearance and psychosocial adjustment. This case report describes the technical steps involved in prosthetic rehabilitation for a glossectomy patient.
Deglutition ; Esophagus ; Glossectomy* ; Humans ; Mastication ; Mouth ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthodontics ; Tongue

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify trends in intervention studies on childhood obesity in Korea. METHODS: From 1996, when the first research paper on childhood obesity intervention was published, to 2015, 192 published papers were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The number of studies increased sharply between 1996 and 2007, but declined slightly from then. The majority of studies involved only children as intervention participants. Most were elementary students, and overweight and obese children. Exercise therapy was the most common type of intervention. Parental participation was found in 35 studies, while teacher's participation was found in only one study. In many studies physiological indicators were used as measurement variables, but follow-up was done in only 10 studies. Finally, only a few studies applied a conceptual framework, while a quasi-experimental research design was used for most studies. CONCLUSION: Examination of trends in intervention studies on childhood obesity in Korea, shows there has been a quantitative increase but not enough improvement in terms of the quality of interventions. Findings in the present study suggest that it is necessary to seek diversity in terms of study participants, interventions and evaluation method along with quality improvement in research methodology.
Child ; Exercise Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea* ; Methods ; Only Child ; Overweight ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity* ; Quality Improvement ; Research Design

AMP-activated protein kinase sucrose non-fermenting 1 (Snf1) is a representative regulator of energy status that maintains cellular energy homeostasis. In addition, Snf1 is involved in the mediation of environmental stress such as salt stress. Snf1 regulates metabolic enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, indicating a possible role for Snf1 in metabolic regulation. In this article, we performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to profile the metabolic changes induced by Snf1 under environmental stress. According to our NMR data, we suggest that Snf1 plays a role in regulating cellular concentrations of a variety of metabolites during environmental stress responses.

PURPOSE: We conducted objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) in medical students both before entering clinical clerkship and after finishing clinical clerkship for the purpose of evaluating the usefulness of OSCEs before clinical clerkship. METHODS: The subjects of the study comprised 77 3rd-year medical students who participated in a 2-week course of physical diagnosis before clinical clerkship, and 98 4th-year medical students who had completed their clinical clerkship. The OSCE consisted of 17 cases and 17 stations for the 3rd-year medical students, and 20 cases and 28 stations for the 4th-year students. We assigned 4 minutes and 30 seconds to each station. OSCE stations were duplicated at two sites and were performed twice. After the OSCE, we used structured questionnaires to survey the subjects for their opinions of the current process and the need for an OSCE. RESULTS: At the psychiatric station, which applied an identical scenario and checklists to both the 3rd- and 4th-year medical students, the mean score of the 3rd-year medical students was significantly lower than that of the 4th-year students. The correlation coefficient between OSCE score and cumulative performance grade of 3rd-year medical students (r=0.29) also was lower than that of 4th-year medical students (r=0.53). Over 80% of the 3rd-year medical students and over 90% of the 4th-year responded that an OSCE is necessary. However, around 70% of students preferred an OSCE for each clinical class during clinical clerkship, and only 33~38% of students preferred an OSCE as a final examination. Almost all students wanted to receive feedback after an OSCE. CONCLUSIONS: Performing an OSCE on 3rd-year medical students before they enter clinical clerkship provides better preparation for the clinical clerkship than an evaluation alone. We suggest that an OSCE should be used as a formative assessment in addition to a summative evaluation such as a final examination.
Checklist ; Clinical Clerkship* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Students, Medical* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the inclinations of the incisors and lips in mixed dentition aged 7 – 11 years. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 353 children were analyzed to measure the upper incisor inclination, lower incisor inclination, lower-nasolabial angle, and mentolabial angle in relation to the skeletal malocclusion classification. The measurements were then assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis.There were significant negative correlations between the inclination of the upper incisors and lower-nasolabial angle in all classes of skeletal malocclusion. There was a negative correlation between the inclination of the lower incisors and mentolabial angle; however, class Ⅱ malocclusion had a significant positive correlation.This study identified the factors that affect lip inclination and verified their associations.
Child ; Classification ; Dentition, Mixed ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Malocclusion

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify historical backdrop leading to the introduction of the doctorate degree of nursing in Korea, and to explore trends of doctoral nursing education program. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive study adopting a historical approach. Documentation data were collected through web sites and mail survey. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 professors who were involved in the introduction of the doctorate degree of nursing. The outcomes of doctoral nursing education program were evaluated with a total of 1,153 dissertations' titles published from 1982 to 2007. RESULTS: First introduced in Korea in 1978, doctoral nursing education program had steadily increased totaling 21 doctoral program in 2007. This resulted in a rapid increase in the number of doctoral students, but the number of faculty and the quality were not as satisfactory as expected. Many doctoral program had the missions or goals that fostered nursing scholars, theorists, and researchers, a trend that seems set to continue. The majority of dissertations utilized the experimental design (39.9%), others were qualitative design (21.6%), and survey design (19.0%). CONCLUSION: Doctoral education that is the hallmark of nursing scholarship is further elaborated in terms of academic tradition of nursing school in Korea.
Education ; Education, Nursing* ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; History of Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Missions and Missionaries ; Nursing ; Postal Service ; Research Design ; Schools, Nursing ; Social Change

A rare case is described of an intrathyroidal branchial cleft-like cyst in neonate. The patient was a newborn girl with a mass in the left lateral neck. The ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a cystic lesion in the left thyroid. The lesion was enucleated surgically from the thyroid. Histologically, the cyst was lined by squamous or columnar epithelium and contained inflammatory cell infiltraion, thyroid and parathyroid tissue. The patient has been doing well without any evidence of thyroid dysfunction for 15 months.
Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Neck ; Thyroid Gland ; Ultrasonography

Bone marrow aspirates concentrate (BMAC) transplantation is a well-known technique for cartilage regeneration with good clinical outcomes for symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an important role in evaluating the degree of cartilage repair in cartilage regeneration therapy instead of a second assessment via an arthroscopy. We experienced a case of hypertrophic regeneration of the cartilage and a presumed simultaneous regeneration of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus after BMAC transplantation for a cartilage defect at the lateral tibial and femoral condyle. This report provides the details of a case of an unusual treatment response after a BMAC transplant. This report is the first of its kind to demonstrate a MR image that displays the simultaneous regeneration of the cartilage and meniscus with a differentiation ability of the mesenchymal stem cell to the desired cell lineage.
Animals ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Marrow* ; Cartilage* ; Cell Lineage ; Horns ; Humans ; Hypertrophy* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteoarthritis ; Regeneration*

BACKGROUND: The Korean population is aging rapidly and the number of health threats is increasing. The elderly obese population is also increasing and this study aimed to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life in the elderly Korean population. METHODS: The Korean version Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was administered to elderly subjects (≥60 years) selected from welfare and health centers, and university hospitals. Sociodemographic information and subjects' height and weight were also recorded. RESULTS: The study population's mean age was 74.2±7.1 years, and the average BMI was 24.5±3.2 kg/m². The 542 participants were segregated based on BMI quartiles. The SF-36 scores were compared among the sex-stratified quartile groups after adjusting for age, education level, income, smoking, alcohol, and arthritis diagnosis. The SF-36 scores were compared for four BMI quartiles stratified by sex, after adjusting for age, education level, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, and arthritis diagnosis. Men in the Q3 and Q4 groups had higher mental health scores than men in Q2 group. Additionally, men in the Q3 group had higher social function scores than those in the Q2 and Q4 groups. No differences were observed for the remaining six domains; no significant score differences were observed in any of the survey domains for the female subjects. CONCLUSION: There was no significant association between a high BMI and a low quality of life in the elderly Korean population selected from hospitals and welfare centers, as assessed using the SF-36 scores.
Aged* ; Aging ; Alcohol Drinking ; Arthritis ; Body Mass Index* ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Obesity ; Quality of Life* ; Smoke ; Smoking