This paper deals with cerebral paragonimiasis and cerebral hemispherectomy conducted as a treatment of cerebral paragonimiasis by Bo Sung Sim in Korea in 1950s-1960s. He demonstrated that cerebral hemispherectomy could be used for unilateral diffuse cerebral paragonimiasis. Sim learned cerebral hemispherectomy from Dr. L. A. French. at the University of Minnesota from 1955 to 1957 in America. The authors argues that Bo Sung Sim's introduction of cerebral hemispherectomy to Korea was not a simple application of an advanced medical technology, but a complicated and active process in that Sim used the technique to intervene intractable complications from cerebral paragonimiasis such as generalized convulsions, spastic hemiplegia and mental deterioration. Bo Sung Sim, one of the neurosurgeons of the first generation in Korea, was trained in neurology, neuropathology, neuroradiology and animal experiments as well as in neurosurgery at the University of Minnesota. After returning to Korea, Sim faced parasitic diseases, one of the most serious public health problems at that time, which were far different from what he learned in America. As a neurosurgeon, Sim tackled with parasitic diseases of the central nervous system with various diagnostics and therapeutics. In 1950s, more than one million populations suffered from pulmonary paragonimiasis acquired by eating raw crabs or by feeding juice of crushed crayfish for the treatment of measles in Korea. About 26.6 percent of people with paragonimiasis had cerebral paragonimiasis. Before bithionol therapy was introduced in 1962, neurosurgery was the only available treatment to control increased intracranial pressures, intractable epilepsy, paralysis and mental deterioration. Between 1958 to 1962, Bo Sung Sim operated on 24 patients of cerebral paragonimiasis. In two of them, he performed cerebral hemispherectomy to control intractable convulsions when he found diffuse cerebral paragonimiasis and cerebral atrophy at the operating table. The two patients were recovered dramatically after the operation. The first patient became a part of medical campus for 20 years after hemispherectomy, doing chores at the hospital and helping Bo Sung Sim for his teaching neuroanatomy. The presence of the hemispherectomized patient in the classroom impressed the students deeply. Furthermore, the hemispherectomized patient stimulated Sim and his school to perform research upon the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the brain with hemispherectomized animals.
Animals ; Brain/parasitology ; Hemispherectomy/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Paragonimiasis/*history/surgery ; Parasitic Diseases/history/therapy ; Trematoda

Purpose: This study used a descriptive investigative design to compare the educational needs and priorities of education-dedicated nurses and preceptors regarding clinical nurse educator competency. Methods: A survey was conducted from March to April 2023 with 308 participants, including 140 education-dedicated nurses and 168 preceptors. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-test with the IBM SPSS 26.0 program. For the purpose of analyzing educational needs, we further analyzed data through the Borich needs assessment and the locus for focus model. Results: Among the clinical nurse educator competency, both education-dedicated nurses and preceptors identified “new theory and practice” as the highest priority educational need. Additionally, education-dedicated nurses prioritized “teaching design ability,” “teaching evaluation ability,” and “evidence-based nursing/practice and research,” while preceptors prioritized “clinical nursing knowledge” and “professional development ability” as their educational needs. Conclusion While both education-dedicated nurses and preceptors responded that education is necessary for all the competency areas required of clinical nurse educators, variations were observed in their reported educational needs and priorities. Thus, it is imperative to develop and implement a differentiated education program for enhancing the competency of clinical nurse educators that considers the distinct requirements of education-dedicated nurses and preceptors.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is widely recognized as an effective and noninvasive neuromodulation for treating depression, and has been applied in a wide range of clinical settings. However, previous studies often reported inconsistent antidepressant effects that may be due to differences in the rTMS protocols such as coil placement. The typical simulation site for rTMS depression protocol is the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Targeting the exact site of the left DLPFC while considering individual brain structure has been challenging due to the non-invasive nature of rTMS. Several researchers have applied various targeting methods to overcome the abovementioned issue. Most of the previous studies have applied the “5-cm rule” or the “international 10-20 system,” which is easily applicable. Recently, researchers started to apply a neuronavigation system that targets the stimulation site based on neuroimaging of each individual. Pros and cons of targeting methods have been discussed in terms of validity and reliability of targeting stimulation sites, differences in treatment responses, as well as considerations of individual characteristics. Therefore, the current review focuses on the targeting methods of stimulation site and the treatment effects of depression in previous studies. For discussion, we divided neuronavigation methods into using fixed coordinates and using individualized targets. Furthermore, the limitations of each targeting method are discussed that may potentially contribute to the development of the optimal rTMS protocol for depression treatment.

Purpose: Early intervention after trauma is needed for reduction in clinical distress and prevention of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study describes findings from an open pilot trial of a brief stabilization psychotherapy based on imagery techniques for adults with acute PTSD (i.e., within 3 months of onset). Materials and Methods: Four sessions of 60-minute individual psychotherapy were conducted on 18 participants with PTSD within 3 months after accidents, 15 of whom completed the treatment. The clinician-administered PTSD scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales, and self-questionnaires were administered at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. Results: Eight (53.3%) of the 15 patients at post-treatment and 8 of the 9 patients at 6-month follow-up did not meet the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD. Reliable change of PTSD symptoms after treatment was observed in 6 of 15 (45.0%) patients at post-treatment and in 4 of 9 (45.0%) patients after 6 months. There was a significant decrease in PTSD, depression, anxiety, and impaired quality of life scores after treatment, and these gains were maintained after 6 months. No cases of exacerbated PTSD symptoms were observed among completers and non-completers. Conclusion Our findings suggest that brief stabilization sessions are safe treatment options for acute PTSD (KCT0001918).

Purpose: Early intervention after trauma is needed for reduction in clinical distress and prevention of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study describes findings from an open pilot trial of a brief stabilization psychotherapy based on imagery techniques for adults with acute PTSD (i.e., within 3 months of onset). Materials and Methods: Four sessions of 60-minute individual psychotherapy were conducted on 18 participants with PTSD within 3 months after accidents, 15 of whom completed the treatment. The clinician-administered PTSD scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales, and self-questionnaires were administered at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. Results: Eight (53.3%) of the 15 patients at post-treatment and 8 of the 9 patients at 6-month follow-up did not meet the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD. Reliable change of PTSD symptoms after treatment was observed in 6 of 15 (45.0%) patients at post-treatment and in 4 of 9 (45.0%) patients after 6 months. There was a significant decrease in PTSD, depression, anxiety, and impaired quality of life scores after treatment, and these gains were maintained after 6 months. No cases of exacerbated PTSD symptoms were observed among completers and non-completers. Conclusion Our findings suggest that brief stabilization sessions are safe treatment options for acute PTSD (KCT0001918).

Purpose: Early intervention after trauma is needed for reduction in clinical distress and prevention of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study describes findings from an open pilot trial of a brief stabilization psychotherapy based on imagery techniques for adults with acute PTSD (i.e., within 3 months of onset). Materials and Methods: Four sessions of 60-minute individual psychotherapy were conducted on 18 participants with PTSD within 3 months after accidents, 15 of whom completed the treatment. The clinician-administered PTSD scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales, and self-questionnaires were administered at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. Results: Eight (53.3%) of the 15 patients at post-treatment and 8 of the 9 patients at 6-month follow-up did not meet the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD. Reliable change of PTSD symptoms after treatment was observed in 6 of 15 (45.0%) patients at post-treatment and in 4 of 9 (45.0%) patients after 6 months. There was a significant decrease in PTSD, depression, anxiety, and impaired quality of life scores after treatment, and these gains were maintained after 6 months. No cases of exacerbated PTSD symptoms were observed among completers and non-completers. Conclusion Our findings suggest that brief stabilization sessions are safe treatment options for acute PTSD (KCT0001918).

Purpose: Early intervention after trauma is needed for reduction in clinical distress and prevention of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study describes findings from an open pilot trial of a brief stabilization psychotherapy based on imagery techniques for adults with acute PTSD (i.e., within 3 months of onset). Materials and Methods: Four sessions of 60-minute individual psychotherapy were conducted on 18 participants with PTSD within 3 months after accidents, 15 of whom completed the treatment. The clinician-administered PTSD scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales, and self-questionnaires were administered at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. Results: Eight (53.3%) of the 15 patients at post-treatment and 8 of the 9 patients at 6-month follow-up did not meet the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD. Reliable change of PTSD symptoms after treatment was observed in 6 of 15 (45.0%) patients at post-treatment and in 4 of 9 (45.0%) patients after 6 months. There was a significant decrease in PTSD, depression, anxiety, and impaired quality of life scores after treatment, and these gains were maintained after 6 months. No cases of exacerbated PTSD symptoms were observed among completers and non-completers. Conclusion Our findings suggest that brief stabilization sessions are safe treatment options for acute PTSD (KCT0001918).

To summarize the epigenetics in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and discuss the potential use of epigenetic modifiersas RCC biomarkers and treatments. Pertinent articles available on PubMed and google scholar database pertainingto kidney cancer and epigenetics were reviewed. Metastatic RCC is one of the most difficult cancers to treat.Although RCC is commonly known to be caused by VHL mutations, it is not enough to understand the completepathophysiology of RCC. Epigenetic factors can play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of RCC. Epigeneticregulators are classified as epigenetic writers, readers, and erasers according to their role. In this review, wediscuss the potential role of epigenetic regulators as a biomarker for RCC. We also review medications thattarget epigenetic enzymes and are currently tried in RCC therapy.

Bone marrow aspirates concentrate (BMAC) transplantation is a well-known technique for cartilage regeneration with good clinical outcomes for symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an important role in evaluating the degree of cartilage repair in cartilage regeneration therapy instead of a second assessment via an arthroscopy. We experienced a case of hypertrophic regeneration of the cartilage and a presumed simultaneous regeneration of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus after BMAC transplantation for a cartilage defect at the lateral tibial and femoral condyle. This report provides the details of a case of an unusual treatment response after a BMAC transplant. This report is the first of its kind to demonstrate a MR image that displays the simultaneous regeneration of the cartilage and meniscus with a differentiation ability of the mesenchymal stem cell to the desired cell lineage.
Animals ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Marrow* ; Cartilage* ; Cell Lineage ; Horns ; Humans ; Hypertrophy* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteoarthritis ; Regeneration*

PURPOSE: Body composition is important to define and manage obesity and undernutrition. Obesity is a significant health problem with medical and psychological consequences for children and adolescents. Body composition analysis (BIA) is a simple, rapid, noninvasive, and reproducible technique. However, comparative analysis of body composition has not been done in young children below 7 years old. The aim of this study is to estimate antropometric data and body composition by BIA, and to investigate the correlation between anthropometric data and fat mass or fat percent in young children. METHODS: We measured height, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and fat percent by BIA in 1,376 children aged 3-6 years of whom 688 were males and 688 were females. RESULTS: Fat mass, fat percent, intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, protein, and minerals were significantly higher in the obese group. A significant positive correlation exists between fat mass and BMI or weight. A significant positive linear correlation was also noted between fat percent and BMI. Protein, weight, fat mass, and fat percent were significantly different among groups. CONCLUSION: BIA is an objective, accurate method to estimate body fat in childhood obesity cases. Fat mass and fat percent data acquired by using BIA highly correlated with BMI. However, a large-scale study is needed to diagnose obesity in young children.
Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Body Composition ; Body Weight ; Child ; Electric Impedance ; Extracellular Fluid ; Female ; Humans ; Intracellular Fluid ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Minerals ; Obesity