Purpose: This study examines the weight control behavior depending on university students’ motives of using social media. Methods: The participants were 447 university students in the Jeonbuk area. Collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, and χ 2 tests with SPSS v. 26.0. Considering the motives of using social media, we investigated the usage of social media, dietary behavior related to social media, and weight control behavior. Results: Using the K-clustering method, the motives to use social media were categorized into three clusters: cluster 1 was the interest-centered group, cluster 2 was the multipurpose information-seeking group, and cluster 3 was the relationship-centered group. Among the various social media sites, YouTube (86.8%), Instagram (76.1%), and Facebook (61.1%) were the most visited by the subjects. The dietary behavior related to social media in cluster 2 was significantly higher than clusters 1 and 3 (p < 0.001). Clusters 1 and 2 showed a significantly higher dissatisfaction with one’s weight (p < 0.05) and consequent interest in weight control than cluster 3 (p < 0.001). Cluster 2 used weight control-related information from social media significantly more than other clusters (p < 0.05). Weight control experiences in cluster 1 and 2 were significantly higher than in cluster 3 (p < 0.001). Conclusion Differences in dietary behavior related to social media and weight control behavior were observed between cluster types of motivation to use social media. Based on the usage motives of university students and their behaviors, we propose that educational programs should be conducted for weight control using social media.

The timing for dialysis initiationis still debated. The aim of this study was to compare mortality rates, using a propensity-score approach, in dialysis patients with early or late starts. From January 2000 to June 2009, incident adult patients (n = 836) starting dialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were enrolled. The patients were assigned to either an early- or late-start group depending on the initiation time of the dialysis. After propensity-score-basedmatching, 450 patients remained. At the initiation of dialysis, the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 11.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the early-start group compared with 6.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the late-start group. There were no significant differences in survival between the patients in the early- and late-start groups (Log rank tests P = 0.172). A higher overall mortality risk was observed in the early-start group than in the late-start group for the patients aged > or = 70 yr (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.29; P = 0.048) and/or who had albumin levels > or = 3.5 g/dL (HR: 2.53; P = 0.046). The survival of the ESRD patients was comparable between the patients in the early and late-start groups. The time to initiate dialysis should be determined based on clinical findings as well as the eGFR.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis/*mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Propensity Score ; Proportional Hazards Models ; *Renal Dialysis ; Risk Factors ; Serum Albumin/analysis ; Time Factors

Exercise-induced hematuria is a phenomenon occurring in subjects who participate in strenuous exercise. Rapid resolution is an important feature of exercise-induced hematuria. We report here a case of exercise-induced hematuria presenting as gross hematuria lasting 1 week in a 19-year-old male patient. Gross hematuria developed after strenuous exercise about 3 years ago. Three months ago, recurrent gross hematuria was lasting 1 week, regardless of exercise intensity. Compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery, without prominent venous collaterals, was detected by computed tomography. However, no abnormalities were detected by renal venography, arteriography or kidney biopsy. Exercise-induced hematuria occurs with a high incidence, but is self-limiting. In contrast, recurrent and gross hematuria can be associated with bladder carcinoma or vascular abnormality. This should be kept in mind, and urological evaluations such as cystoscopy and angiography are necessary in gross and recurrent hematuria.
Angiography ; Aorta ; Biopsy ; Cystoscopy ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Phlebography ; Renal Veins ; Urinary Bladder ; Young Adult

Accurate measurement of the volume status in hemodialysis patients is important as it can affect mortality. However, no studies have been conducted regarding volume management in cases where a sudden change of body fluid occurs, such as during puerperium in hemodialysis patients. This report presents a case in which the patient was monitored for her body composition and her volume status was controlled using a body composition monitor (BCM) during the puerperal period. This case suggests that using a BCM for volume management may help maintain hemodynamic stability in patients with a rapidly changing volume status for a short term period, such as during puerperium.
Body Composition ; Body Fluids ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Postpartum Period ; Renal Dialysis

One of characteristic features of AIDS-related encephalitis and dementia is the infiltration of monocytes into the CNS. HIV-1 Tat was demonstrated to facilitate monocyte entry into the CNS. In this study, we examined the effect of HIV-1 Tat on the expression of adhesion molecules, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-kappaB activation in CRT-MG human astroglioma cells. Treatment of CRT-MG cells with HIV-1 Tat protein significantly increased protein and mRNA levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, as measured by Western blot analysis and RT-PCR, indicating that Tat increases these protein levels at an mRNA level. In addition, Tat induced the activation of NF-kappaB in astrocytes. Treatment of CRT-MG with NF-kappaB inhibitors led to decrease in Tat-induced protein and mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Furthermore, HIV-1 Tat protein increased ROS generation. Inhibition of Tat-induced ROS generation by N-acetyl cysteine, vitamin C and diphenyl iodonium suppressed Tat-induced NF-kappaB activation, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, and monocyte adhesion in CRT-MG. These data indicate that HIV-1 Tat can modulate monocyte adhesiveness by increasing expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via ROS- and NF-kappaB-dependent mechanisms in astrocytes.
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation/*drug effects ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Monocytes/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; *HIV-1 ; Gene Products, tat/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Adhesion/drug effects ; Astrocytes/cytology/metabolism

Purpose: The annual statistics for poisoning are reported based on the data from poison control centers in many advanced countries. In 2016 a study was conducted to analyze the 2016 Korea Poisoning status. This study was conducted to make a better annual report for poisoning statistics in Korea from a 2017-2018 national representative database. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of poisoning patients based on the data from an emergency department (ED) based injury in-depth surveillance project by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017-2018. Bite or sting injuries were not included. Results: A total of 17714 patients presented to 23 EDs because of poisoning. Adults above 20 years old age accounted for 84.6% of the population, while the proportion of intentional poisoning was 60.8%. The poisoning substance presented in the ED were therapeutic drugs (51.2%), gas (20.3%), pesticides (16.4%), and artificial substances (11.4%). Overall, 35% of patients were admitted for further treatment. The mortality was 2.4% (422 cases), and the most common fatal substances in order were carbon monoxide, other herbicides, and paraquat. Conclusion This study showed the 2017-2018 status of poisoning in Korea. The prognosis is different from the cause of poisoning and the initial mental state of the patient. Therefore, appropriate methods for preventing poisoning and therapeutic plans in specific situations are needed.

On the 12th day of abacavir treatment, a 39-year old HIV-infected male patient was admitted with fever, generalized rash, abdominal pain, and watery diarrhea that had persisted for five days. Results of blood tests indicated rapid progression of hepatitis and renal failure. The day after stopping anti-retroviral therapy, his fever subsided and his liver function began to normalize. He was clinically diagnosed with abacavir hypersensitivity and was found to carry the HLA-B*57:01 allele. This is the first reported case of abacavir hypersensitivity associated with the presence of the HLA-B*57:01 allele in Korea.
Abdominal Pain ; Alleles ; Diarrhea ; Dideoxynucleosides ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Hematologic Tests ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Liver ; Male ; Renal Insufficiency

Exercise-induced hematuria is a phenomenon occurring in subjects who participate in strenuous exercise. Rapid resolution is an important feature of exercise-induced hematuria. We report here a case of exercise-induced hematuria presenting as gross hematuria lasting 1 week in a 19-year-old male patient. Gross hematuria developed after strenuous exercise about 3 years ago. Three months ago, recurrent gross hematuria was lasting 1 week, regardless of exercise intensity. Compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery, without prominent venous collaterals, was detected by computed tomography. However, no abnormalities were detected by renal venography, arteriography or kidney biopsy. Exercise-induced hematuria occurs with a high incidence, but is self-limiting. In contrast, recurrent and gross hematuria can be associated with bladder carcinoma or vascular abnormality. This should be kept in mind, and urological evaluations such as cystoscopy and angiography are necessary in gross and recurrent hematuria.
Angiography ; Aorta ; Biopsy ; Cystoscopy ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Phlebography ; Renal Veins ; Urinary Bladder ; Young Adult

Purpose: The annual statistics for poisoning are reported based on the data from poison control centers in many advanced countries. In 2016 a study was conducted to analyze the 2016 Korea Poisoning status. This study was conducted to make a better annual report for poisoning statistics in Korea from a 2017-2018 national representative database. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of poisoning patients based on the data from an emergency department (ED) based injury in-depth surveillance project by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017-2018. Bite or sting injuries were not included. Results: A total of 17714 patients presented to 23 EDs because of poisoning. Adults above 20 years old age accounted for 84.6% of the population, while the proportion of intentional poisoning was 60.8%. The poisoning substance presented in the ED were therapeutic drugs (51.2%), gas (20.3%), pesticides (16.4%), and artificial substances (11.4%). Overall, 35% of patients were admitted for further treatment. The mortality was 2.4% (422 cases), and the most common fatal substances in order were carbon monoxide, other herbicides, and paraquat. Conclusion This study showed the 2017-2018 status of poisoning in Korea. The prognosis is different from the cause of poisoning and the initial mental state of the patient. Therefore, appropriate methods for preventing poisoning and therapeutic plans in specific situations are needed.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of early postnatal administration of erythropoietin (EPO) on neurodevelopmental outcomes and morbidities in preterm infants with severe grades of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of preterm infants of gestational age 23+0 weeks to 31+6 weeks, who were diagnosed with severe grades of IVH and received EPO over at least 2 weeks. We compared clinical characteristics, major complications, and neurodevelopmental impairment between the two groups. The primary outcome was severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 26 months of corrected age. Severe neurodevelopmental impairment was defined as a mental developmental index or psychomotor developmental index of <70 on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II or diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Results: The study included 33 preterm infants (mean gestational age 25.2±1.6 weeks and mean birth weight 775.1±224.5 g). EPO was administered at a dose of 400 or 1,000 IU/kg thrice weekly and was maintained over a mean period of 58.6± 25.9 days beginning from 10.7±6.9 days after birth. We observed no difference in perinatal characteristics between the EPO (n=14) and the control group (n=19). Similarly, severe neurodevelopmental impairment rates did not differ between the EPO (85.7%) and control groups (78.9%). The incidence of neonatal morbidities including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and retinopathy of prematurity was also similar between the EPO and control groups. Conclusion Early administration of EPO did not reduce the risk of severe neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants with severe IVH.