Objectives: The purpose of this research was to explore Fall Risk Home Environment(FRHE) and to investigate the association between FRHE and fall experience among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: The data were collected from 299 older adults using FRHE through observation and interview at home of the participants and were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 applying descriptive statistics, χ 2 -test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of fall experience during the past year was 51.5%. ‘No handles beside the toilet or bathtub’(73.2%) was most common FRHE factor, ‘thresholds in your room or kitchen’(68.9%), ‘wearing socks, outer socks, or slipper when you move in the house’(59.5%), and threshold on the gate (apartment entrance)(55.5%) were followed. The findings of logistic regression of FRHE on fall experiences showed darkness of house had the highest Odds Ratio (OR 9.83 95% CI 3.75-25.71), followed by furniture obstructs your walking in the house(OR 7.07, CI 2.88-17.36), dark kitchen (OR 5.13, CI 2.38-11.03). The group having fall experiences presented significantly higher score of FRHE than the group of non experiences of fall. Conclusion The community dwelling older adults exposures to various FRHE factors and FRHE might increase the risk of falls. Assessing and modifying the home environment could be a good strategy to prevent fall among older adults.

Bariatric surgery is one of the most efficient ways to achieve weight loss and reduce the complications associated with obesity. Severe hypoglycemia can occur after bariatric surgery, though it is rare. Hypoglycemic episodes have so far been poorly studied and the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia has not yet been demonstrated. Currently, there are two different hypotheses; the first is that hypoglycemic episodes are secondary to hyperinsulinemia and result from beta-cell hyperplasia or hyperfunction. The second is that the primary problem is beta-cell failure, which allows glucose concentrations to reach high values. The few therapeutic options that have been validated are also discussed in this study.
Bariatric Surgery ; Gastric Bypass ; Glucose ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hyperplasia ; Hypoglycemia ; Obesity ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of compliance with the safety guidelines of anticancer drugs and identify the factors influencing compliance among general characteristics, knowledge of safety guidelines, self-efficacy, and workplace safety climate. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design and 143 nurses who care for patients with cancer were surveyed. Data were collected from March 19 to March 31, 2018. RESULTS: The subjects' average age was 29.2±5.1 years, and oncology nursing experience was 5.07±4.01 years. Workplace safety climate, age, work site, and oncology nursing experience had a significant influence on nurses' compliance with the safety guidelines of anticancer drugs. The explained variance for compliance was 23.5%. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that the safety guidelines of anticancer drugs among nurses are expected to be better implemented by creating a safety-conscious environment. To maximize compliance nurses need to perform their tasks in an efficient manner, have institution-level active support, ready availability of personal protective equipment, appropriate education and a well-balanced workload.

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), hitherto known as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), is a rare and aggressive form of brain cancer that primarily affects children. Although the exact cause of DMG/DIPG is not known, a large proportion of DMG/DIPG tumors harbor mutations in the gene encoding the histone H3 protein, specifically the H3K27M mutation. This mutation decreases the level of H3K27me3, a histone modification that plays a vital role in regulating gene expression through epigenetic regulation.The mutation also alters the function of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), thereby preventing the repression of genes associated with cancer development. The decrease in H3K27me3 caused by the histone H3 mutation is accompanied by an increase in the level of H3K27ac, a post-translational modification related to active transcription. Dysregulation of histone modification markedly affects gene expression, contributing to cancer development and progression by promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation, tumor growth, and metabolism. DMG/DIPG alters the metabolism of methionine and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as glucose and glutamine uptake. The role of epigenetic and metabolic changes in the development of DMG/DIPG has been studied extensively, and understanding these changes is critical to developing therapies targeting these pathways. Studies are currently underway to identify new therapeutic targets for DMG/DIPG, which may lead to the development of effective treatments for this devastating disease.

PURPOSE: In 2008, the Korean Oncology Nursing Society (KONS) published standards for the safe use of chemotherapy in clinical settings, including extravastion management. Although the medical environment has rapidly changed, KONS standards have not been revised since then. In 2017, the KONS planned to revise the practice guidelines on oral chemotherapy METHODS: A clinical expert group developed recommended guidelines, using officially accepted standards based on all relevant publications. The draft was discussed and accepted in a consensus conference. The final recommendations were reviewed and approved by the KONS Boards of Directors. RESULTS: There were 4 chapters and 50 recommendations in the final version of the guidelines. Recommendations include those associated with general practice, patient consent and education, order assessment and administration, and side effects and complication management. CONCLUSION: The revised KONS guidelines on oral chemotherapy will contribute to the improvement of staff and patient safety related to oral chemotherapy. KONS guidelines revisions should be carried out at regular intervals.
Consensus ; Drug Therapy* ; Education ; General Practice ; Humans ; Oncology Nursing* ; Patient Safety ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Safety Management

Purpose: This study aims to explore the factors influencing nursing professionalism among nursing students, focusing on the image of nurses, satisfaction with their major, and career metacognition. Methods: We conducted a descriptive survey with 185 nursing students from D city and K region on June 10–30, 2024. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 27.0 (IBM Corp.), employing descriptive statistics, t tests, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and regression analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting nursing professionalism among nursing students. Results: The regression analysis revealed that the image of nurses (β=.69, p<.001) and monitoring aspect of career metacognition (β=.13, p=.025) were significant predictors of nursing professionalism, accounting for 64.5% of the variance. Conclusion The findings indicate that the image of nurses and monitoring component of career metacognition are critical in shaping nursing professionalism among nursing students. Therefore, nursing education programs should aim to improve the image of nurses and promote self-reflective career practices as strategies to foster professionalism among nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Insertion of supraglottic airway devices (SADs) can be technically easier to perform for novices than endotracheal intubation (ETI), particularly in a situation with difficult airway management. We evaluated the efficacy and usefulness of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA), I-gel, and ETI when used by novices in a simulated difficult airway scenario. METHODS: A total of 109 novices participated in a brief educational session about PLMA, I-gel and ETI. The sequence of the airway devices was randomized for each participant using a computer-generated random table, and the devices were inserted in a manikin with restricted cervical spine movement. A nasogastric (NG) tube was then inserted through each SAD. In the case of ETI, the NG tube was inserted through the manikin's nostril. RESULTS: The success rate at the first insertion attempt was 93.6% for the I-gel compared with 72.5% for the PLMA and 19.3% for ETI. The I-gel also enabled a significantly shorter insertion time than the PLMA (I-gel 26.3 ± 21.9 sec and PLMA 36.0 ± 35.4 sec). The novices showed high success rates for NG tube insertion using SADs (PLMA 96.3% and I-gel 98.1%) compared with ETI (24.8%). CONCLUSIONS: We found that the I-gel provided a better first time success rate and a shorter insertion time than PLMA and ETI, which indicated that the I-gel may be preferable for difficult airway management by novices.
Airway Management ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Manikins ; Spine

Direct injection of foreign material, such as liquid paraffin and silicone, into the breast can induce a foreign body granulomatous reaction and fibrosis, resulting in hard, nodular breast masses and architectural distortion that can mimic neoplasm. Conventional methods, including physical examination, mammography, and ultrasonography are of little use to differentiate between foreign body-induced mastopathy and breast cancer. In patients with foreign body injection such as breast augmentation, dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging is an excellent imaging modality. Here, the authors report the MR imaging and pathological findings of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with multicystic changes in a 41-year-old woman with a previous history of interstitial mammoplasty by paraffin injection.
Adult ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating* ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mammaplasty* ; Mammography ; Mineral Oil ; Paraffin* ; Physical Examination ; Silicones ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of miRNA-21 and miRNA-223 in a balloon-compression model of spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: A total of 50 male Wistar rats (n=50) were divided into the three groups: the group A (n=15, insertion of the unflated Fogarty balloon catheter), the group B (n=15, insertion of the Fogarty balloon catheter at a volume of 20 μL) and the group C (n=15, insertion of the Fogarty balloon catheter at a volume of 50 μL). After the behavioral test, RNA isolation, microRNA expression profiling using microarrays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, measurements were compared between the three groups. RESULTS: Despite a lack of significant differences in time-dependent changes in miRNA-21 expression levels between the three groups at 4 hours, there were significant differences in them at 1, 3, and 7 days (p<0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences in time-dependent changes in miRNA-223 expression levels between the three groups at 4 hours and 1, 3, and 7 days (p<0.05). Furthermore, miRNA-223 expression levels reached the highest at 1 day but were decreased with time thereafter in all the three groups. CONCLUSION: Expression levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-223 might be associated with the severity and acute phase of SCI, respectively. It is mandatory, however, to analyze changes in levels of inflammatory markers and the relevant biological pathways.
Behavior Rating Scale ; Catheters ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats, Wistar ; RNA ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of gestational age (GA) cut-off on the clinical outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and assess whether prematurity influences the predictive value of fetal lung volume measurement. Methods: We investigated the medical records of infants with CDH between January 2014 and August 2021. We classified the patients into term CDH (TCDH) and preterm CDH (PCDH) groups and compared their clinical characteristics, including fetal lung volume measured by the observed-toexpected lung-to-head ratio (O/E LHR). Results: Among 145 infants with CDH, 23 (15.9%) were preterm. Mean O/E LHR was significantly higher in survivors than in non-survivors with no difference between TCDH and PCDH groups.Mortality rate was significantly higher in infants with GA <34 weeks (80%) than in late preterm infants (16.7%). O/E LHR, rather than GA <34 weeks, was a risk factor predicting mortality in multivariate analyses. Predictive power of O/E LHR was high in the TCDH and PCDH groups, respectively. The incidence of chronic lung disease did not differ between PCDH and TCDH. Conclusion O/E LHR significantly predicted mortality in preterm infants, suggesting preterm birth alone should not be the determinant of early CDH treatment strategy.