PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyse the content of health-textbooks in elementary school in order to offer the basic data required for development or revision of health-textbook for elementary school. METHODS: This study was methodological study of the content of health-textbooks. The study sample consisted of 10 health-textbooks of elementary school which were edited in 2009~2010. The components of contents divides into holistic analysis and specific areas. RESULTS: One textbook was no introductory remarks and 2 textbooks were no preface. The health-textbooks consisted of 7 areas and were comprehensive for school education. The proportion of each was different in 10 textbooks. Sexuality and health was accounted for the largest portion of the seven areas in both the fifth and sixth grade. However, given that the mortality rate for the child's safety accidents is higher than in developed countries, the proportion of accident prevention and first aid can be relatively weak area. CONCLUSION: It is essential that health-textbooks empower schoolers to make healthy decisions through the promotion of useful life skills that provide a more integrated concept of health. Therefore, there is a need for approaches to health textbook to integrate more values of health.
Accident Prevention ; Developed Countries ; Education ; First Aid ; Humans ; Methods ; Mortality ; Sexuality

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with career maturity among Korean high school students. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted using secondary data from the 2012 Korean Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS). The participants were 496 high school students who completed the supplemental survey for children, which included items on career maturity, self-esteem, study stress, teacher attachment, relationship with parents, peer attachment, depression and anxiety. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square-test, the t-test, and a decision tree were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The decision tree identified five final nodes predicting career maturity after forcing self-esteem as the first variable. The highest predicted rate of high career maturity was associated with high self-esteem, experience of career counseling, and high teacher attachment. The lowest predicted rate of high career maturity was associated with low self-esteem and low attachment to friends. CONCLUSION: Factors influencing career maturity were varied by levels of self-esteem in Korean high school students. Thus, it is necessary to develop different approaches to enhance career maturity according to levels of self-esteem.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Child ; Decision Trees ; Depression ; Friends ; Humans ; Parents ; Self Concept ; Statistics as Topic ; Vocational Guidance

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine factors influencing changes in the self-esteem of multicultural adolescents over time. Methods: A longitudinal design was adopted to analyze secondary data. This study used the 2nd, 4th, and 6th year data of Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS) collected by the Korea Youth Policy Institute. The linear mixed model was utilized to analyze self-esteem changes over time. Results: The factors of sex and age of the students, the mother’s Korean writing ability, and the Filipino or Japanese mothers had a significant effect on the self-esteem change of multi-cultural adolescents over time. Specifically, it was found that female students’ self-esteem was decreased by 0.04 (t=-2.39, p=.017) more than male students over time. As the subject’s age and mother’s Korean writing ability increased, self-esteem was decreased by 0.01 (t=-2.53, p=.011) and 0.03 (t=-2.52, p=.012) over time. In addition, compared to that of those who had mothers from Korea, self-esteem of those who had Filipino or Japanese mothers was decreased by 0.04 significantly. Conclusion Therefore, when developing a self-esteem promotion program, it is necessary to develop content by reflecting the characteristics of mothers as well as the gender and age of students. Furthermore, the significance of this study is in that it established a foundation for a positive self-identity of multicultural adolescents whose number is increasing recently by identifying factors affecting their self-esteem.

Objective: This study investigated the types of daily life stressors associated with social media use in adolescents with problematic Internet/smartphone use in a city in Korea. Methods: Data from 2,997 Internet and smartphone users who participated in a survey about the actual use of smart digital media in Korea were included. The measurement tools included questionnaires on Internet and smartphone usage patterns and types of daily life stressors as well as the Internet Gaming Use-Elicited Symptom Screen and a smartphone addiction scale. The subjects were divided into a problematic Internet/smartphone use group and a control group. We compared the types of daily life stressors associated with social media use for each group. Results: All types of daily life stressors were more prevalent in the problematic Internet use group than in the control group. In the problematic Internet/smartphone use group, the types of daily life stressors that were positively associated with social media use were sibling rivalry and physical health. In the control group, social media use was negatively associated with daily life stressors related to appearance and heterosexual relationships. Conclusion There is a need to provide personalized stress management related to social media use for adolescents with problematic Internet/smartphone use.

Objective: This study investigated the types of daily life stressors associated with social media use in adolescents with problematic Internet/smartphone use in a city in Korea. Methods: Data from 2,997 Internet and smartphone users who participated in a survey about the actual use of smart digital media in Korea were included. The measurement tools included questionnaires on Internet and smartphone usage patterns and types of daily life stressors as well as the Internet Gaming Use-Elicited Symptom Screen and a smartphone addiction scale. The subjects were divided into a problematic Internet/smartphone use group and a control group. We compared the types of daily life stressors associated with social media use for each group. Results: All types of daily life stressors were more prevalent in the problematic Internet use group than in the control group. In the problematic Internet/smartphone use group, the types of daily life stressors that were positively associated with social media use were sibling rivalry and physical health. In the control group, social media use was negatively associated with daily life stressors related to appearance and heterosexual relationships. Conclusion There is a need to provide personalized stress management related to social media use for adolescents with problematic Internet/smartphone use.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and problematic internet use. The study participants were 180 students between the ages of 9 and 18 years. Path analysis was performed to measure the relationships among ACEs, depressive symptoms and problematic internet use. ACEs significantly affected depressive symptoms (standardized regression weight, 0.36; P < 0.01), and depressive symptoms also affected problematic internet use (standardized regression weight, 0.40; P < 0.01). We found that depressive symptoms had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between problematic internet use and ACEs. The management of depressive symptoms would be important to prevent problematic internet use in children and adolescents with ACEs.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the smoking behaviors in adolescents from monocultural and multicultural families and to evaluate the associations between their smoking behavior and number of suicide attempts. METHODS: The data used in this study was collected from The Tenth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The differences in the sociodemographic characteristics between the adolescents in the multicultural and monocultural families were analyzed through the χ2-test, and a logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the smoking behavior and number of suicide attempts of the adolescents in multicultural families. The process involved an analysis using a complex sample design. RESULTS: There was significant difference in the weighted rates of the current smoking behavior (13.3% vs. 8.4%, p<0.001), experience of violence (6.8% vs. 2.3%, p<0.001), and number of suicide attempts (5.4% vs. 2.7%, p<0.001) between the adolescents from the multicultural and monocultural families. In both groups, the current smoking behavior was associated with the number of suicide attempts (multicultural families OR=6.5, p=0.005; monocultural families OR=1.5, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the percentage of current smokers in the adolescents from multicultural families was higher than that in the monocultural families and that current smoking behavior is related to the number of suicide attempts in both groups, after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, academic achievement, current smoking behavior, depressive mood and experience of violence.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Risk-Taking ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class ; Suicide ; Violence

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy patients may have a various whole gamut of psychological problems attending upon, in part or in whole, epileptic seizure focus. To investigate psychological problems related to epileptic focus and their postsurgical change, personality evaluation was performed in medically intractable epilepsy patients before and after the epilepsy surgery. METHODS: There were 103 temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with or without hippicampal sclerosis (HS) and 22 extratemporal lobe epilepsy (XTLE). We used MMPI as an objective method of assessing emotional state and personality profile of the patients. The preoperative MMPI scales were compared between the TLE group and the XTLE group, between TLE with HS group and without HS group (NHS), and right and left TLE groups. In addition, the postsurgical changes of MMPI scales were analyzed upon only 31 TLE patients who had preoperative and postoperative MMPI RESULTS: First of all, in terms of mean value of each scale, all results observed were within normal range. When these results were analyzed using t-test, the scores of social introversion were significantly higher in HS group than in NHS group. Secondly, there were significant postoperative decrease of depression, hypochondriasis, psychasthenia, schizophrenia scales in HS groups and mascu-linity-frminity scale in NHS group. There was no significant difference of MMPI scales between TLE and XTLE CONCLUSION: The results of this study that hippocampal sclerosis may affect the preoperative personality and the removal of pathologic hippocampus may improve MMPI scales.
Depression ; Epilepsy* ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Introversion (Psychology) ; MMPI ; Reference Values ; Schizophrenia ; Sclerosis ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy has been known to adversely affect a patient's quality of life (QOL). We investigated the status of QOL and tested the influences of clinical factors upon QOL in epileptic patients. METHODS: We evaluated 125 adult patients (mean age, 30.4 years, male:female=1:0.86) with epilepsy. The demographic, social (marriage, employment, religion, education duration), and clinical data (seizure onset age, seizure pattern during the last 1 year, treatment duration, number of antiepileptic drug) were obtained. Quality of life in epilepsy-31 (QOLIE-31) and Beck Depression Inventory-Korean version (KBDI) were used. The relationships of demographic, social, and clinical factors with QOL in epileptic patients were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean subscores of QOLIE-31 items were 52.6 (medication effects), 50.9 (cognitive functioning), 50.9 (social functioning), 50.5 (energy/fatigue), 48.4 (seizure worry), 46.8 (overall QOL), and 45.7 (emotional well-being), and the overall score was 49.6. Sex, marriage, religion, and duration of treatment did not affect QOL. The age of patients had a weak linear positive correlation with overall QOL and emotional well-being. Employed patients had a significantly high score in overall QOL, emotional well-being, cognitive functioning, social functioning, and overall score. The patients given polytherapy had lower scores of QOLIE-31 items except seizure worry and energy/fatigue. Seizure free patients had significantly higher scores in seizure worry, overall QOL, social functioning, and overall score. Depression negatively influenced all subscales and overall score. CONCLUSIONS: Age, employment state, number of antiepileptic drugs, seizure pattern, and depression were significant clinical factors affecting QOL in patients with epilepsy.
Adult ; Age of Onset ; Anticonvulsants ; Depression ; Education ; Employment ; Epilepsy* ; Humans ; Marriage ; Quality of Life* ; Seizures

Background: Puberty is a biologically and psychologically unstable period, and pubertal changes differ by sex. However, most previous studies on pubertal timing and suicide have focused on girls. This study investigated the association between early spermarche and suicide attempts in boys. Methods: We analyzed a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents (The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, KYRBS) that included approximately 35,000 boys annually from 2011 to 2015. Pubertal timing in boys was defined by spermarche. Complex sampling logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) for suicide attempts between the early and average spermarche groups. Results: The ORs for suicide attempts in boys with early spermarche were significantly higher than those in boys with average spermarche after adjustment for age, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. The ORs from 2011 to 2015 were as follows: 1.782 (P < 0.001), 1.490 (P = 0.002), 1.693 (P < 0.001), 1.541 (P = 0.001), and 1.393 (1.024– 1.895; P = 0.035), respectively. Conclusion These findings suggest that early pubertal timing is a risk factor for suicide attempts in Korean boys after adjustment for depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation, which have been previously reported as risk factors for suicide attempts. Therefore, careful attention should be paid to the prevention of suicide in boys who experience early spermarche in Korea.