Sulfonylureas are one of the major oral drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Studies in recent years have shown that such drugs have the effect of independent of reducing blood sugar on ischemic stroke.This effect is mainly associated with the combination of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) to regulate of ATP-sensitive non-selective cation channels.

Objective To assess clinical efficacy and safety of linezolid in treating postoperative intracranial infec-tion after neurosurgery operation,and provide clinical basis for the treatment of postoperative intracranial infection. Methods From January 2011 to December 2012,clinical data of 51 neurosurgery patients receiving linezolid for trea-ting postoperative intracranial infection were collected,changes in symptoms,temperature,cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)bacterial culture,as well as white blood cell (WBC)count,protein and glucose in CSF before and after therapy were compared,clinical efficacy and safety of linezolid in the treatment of postoperative intracranial infection were assessed based on the diagnostic criteria for intracranial infection.Results After linezolid treatment,30 cases of postoperative intracranial infection were cured,and linezolid was effective in 1 2 cases,improved in 5 cases,and ineffective in 4 cases,total effective rate was 92.16%.Of 47 cases with effective therapy,the mean therapy day were 12.5 d (2-27 d),11 of whom isolated gram-positive bacteria from CSF before therapy,and CSF culture were all negative after linezolid therapy.Conclusion Linezolid is effective for treating intracranial infection caused by Staphylococci,Enterococci and other gram-positive bacteria which failed to response to vancomycin therapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of face scar deformity by small-capacity tissue expansion. Methods A small-capacity expander of 10~100 ml was implanted into the hypoderm, and then regular affusion was made with injection pot outside or inside. After expanding for four weeks to eight weeks, the expander was removed and the removing wound surface of scar was repaired with flap. Results After clinical application in 32 cases, there were complications such as infection and expander's exposure occurred in two cases, but the final result was good after suitable treatment. All cases were satisfied with unclear scar after 6 to 36 months’ follow-up. Conclusions Positive cosmetic effect can be received with small-capacity tissue expansion.

Comparing the Psychiatry teaching among Jinan University,Sum-Yan-San University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong,we found the time,contents and methods of teaching were significantly different among them,so we suggested that Jinan University should reconstruct teaching mode,raise teaching time,optimize teaching contents,change practice teaching methods and examination way in psychiatry teaching.

Objective To investigate the mycelia growth of the mutant strain Paecilomyces bainier sp229-7 and it's biotransformation from ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd. Methods The substrate was biotransformed by the mutant in different conditions, and the products were analyzed by HPLC. Results The period of vigorous growth of the mutant was 12-48 h. The optimal transformation temperature range was from 27 ℃ to 32 ℃. The best time for adding substrate was 36 h after inoculation and the substrate (Rb1 20 mg/mL) was specifically transformed into ginsenoside Rd. The transformation process was terminated at 72 h. The ginsenoside Rb1 could be transformed to Rd by all of mycelia, crude enzymes and external enzymes. Conclusions Compared with the reference, the mutant of Paecilomyces bainier sp229-7 growth is quicker and the transformation efficiency has been greatly improved. The reaction time can be shortened to 3 days, and the amount of substrate increased at least 20 times.

OBJECTIVE To realize the status and the impact factors of nosocomial infection among Jizheng patients.METHODS To investigate 562 former inpatients suffered from Jizheng in hospital from Jan 2004 to Dec 2005.RESULTS The incidence rates of nosocomial infection that calculated by the patients and the cases were 14.59% and 16.55%,respectively.Infection mostly occurred on the 22nd day in hospital on average.The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract(48.78%),urinary tract(15.85%),and alimentary tract(12.20%).The most risk factor was aging.CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of nosocomial infection is due to various factors.We should take measures respectively aiming at different factors to reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

Objective To summarize overlapping tissue expansion of neck without platysma in repairing maxillofacial and neck scar contracture deformity.Methods Two expanders were buried in the same soft tissue pocket superficially to the platysma in an overlapping pattern,water injection were on schedule,and secondary operation was performed after 4 to 6 weeks.Results 16 cases of maxillofacial and neck scar contracture deformities were treated with overlapping tissue expansion of neck without platysma since 2004.Good results were achieved except one case of expander exposure,but the final resuit was good after suitable treatment.Conclusion The overlapping tissue expansion technique can provide much more expanded tissue and reduce complications compared with the traditional expansion technique,especially using overlapping tissue expansion of neck without platysma for repairing the defects at the maxillofacial and cervical region.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of percutaneous trasluminal angioplasty (PTA) for ischemic lesions of below-the-knee(BTK) arteries in elderly patients.Methods Clinical data of 56 elderly patients(the PTA group) with ischemic lesions of BTK arteries who had received PTA treatment were retrospectively analyzed.The ankle brachial index (ABI) and the skin temperature of the affected foot were recorded and analyzed before and after treatment.The clinical effects were compared with those of conservative treatment 31 patients(the control group) had received during the same period.Results PTA was successfully performed in all of the 56 cases.The skin temperature rose,claudication disappeared or the claudication distance increased,rest pain disappeared or lessened,and no severe complications or death occurred in the PTA group.ABI increased from (0.41±0.12) before treatment to(0.63±0.21),(0.65±0.19),(0.67± 0.22),(0.61±0.20),and (0.58±0.18) at 24 hours,1,3,6 and 12 months after treatment,respectively.The skin temperature increased from(28.4±2.1)℃ before treatment to(35.4±2.4)℃,(35.6±2.1)℃,(35.8±2.4)℃,(34.6±2.1)℃ and(34.3±2)℃ at 24 hours,1,3,6 and 12 months after treatment,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in ABI and the skin temperature between before treatment and any time point after treatment(all P＜0.05) and between the PTA group and the control group at any time point after treatment(all P＜0.05).Conclusions PTA is a safe and effective treatment for ischemic lesions of BTK arteries in elderly patients.

Flavonoids, which is composed of a C6-C3-C6 backbone, is a kind of secondary metabolites of Chinese materia medica (CMM). It has received extensive attention from all over the world and obtained a rapid develop-ment due to its widespread distribution, structural complexity and active diversity. This article has summarized the progress of flavonoids both in antioxidant activity and in mechanism, so as to provide some references for the re-search and development of new medicine of flavonoids with antioxidant activity.

Objective To study the dynamic expression and distribution of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1)in diffuse axonal injury (DAI)in rats and to clarify its involvement in the inflammatory reaction after DAI in rats,in order to provide new targets for the clinical treatment of DAI.Methods A DAI model was established using a coronal rotation device and evaluated by HE,Glees-Marsland silver staining,and Mallory phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin staining.Immunohistochemistry,Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression and distribution of HMGB-1 in the cortex of DAI rats at 6 h,1 d,3 d and 7 d.And TUNEL was used to examine the apoptosis of neurons in DAI rats.Results Immunohistochemical results showed that at 6 h and 1 d after DAI,the number of HMGB-1-positive cells decreased,but at 3 and 7 d it began to increase.Western blot also showed that during the early stage after DAI (6 h and 1 d),the level of HMGB-1 protein in the cortex was significantly lower than that in the control group,but at the late stage (3 and 7 d)after DAI it significantly increased compared with that in the control group until 7 d.RT-PCR showed that at 6 h after DAI there was no significant increase in the level of HMGB-1mRNA,but at 1 d there was a slight increase compared with the control group;at 3 and 7 d,it showed an obvious significance.TUNEL staining indicated that the significant neuronal apoptosis appeared as early as 6 h after DAI,and reached the peak at 3 d;it started to decrease at 7 d but still remained at a relatively high level.Conclusion The dynamic expression and distribution of HMGB-1 showed significant changes with the time course after DAI in rats.They decreased at the early stage but increased at the late stage.At the early stage, HMGB-1 is mainly passively released by the necrotic neurons,and at the late stage it may be actively secreted by the active inflammatory cells.HMGB-1 may mediate the post-DAI neural cell apoptosis by inducing the inflammatory reaction.