Objective To investigate the effect of miRNA-1 on the cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats. Methods MicroRNA-1 mimics was transfected into the cultured H9c2 cell line (miRNA-1 group). Cells transfected with random miR-NA fragment was used as negative control group. The cell apoptosis was evaluated by FCM assay. MTT assay was used to de-tect the cell viability. The expression level of miRNA-1 was detected by real-time PCR. The expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot assay. Results Compared with normal and negative control groups, the expression level of miRNA-1 was significantly higher in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, the apoptosis rate was in-creased, the cell vitality and Bcl-2 expression level were significantly decreased after transfection of miRNA-1 mimics. Conclusion miRNA-1 mimics can up-regulate miRNA-1 level, inhibit proliferation and induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

By using the transmission electron microscopy, the ultrastructure of the Clara cell of the normal adult guinea-pig and its change under the simulated elevation of 5 000m after 24 h, 28 h and 72 h are studied. Meanwhile the quantitative analysis of the SER and some organelles are carried out. Clara cell of the normal guinea-pig contains abundent SER and secretory granules with a prominent Golgi apparatus. The facts suggest that Clara cell has the secretory characteristics. After 24 h hypox ia, Clara cells appear the early states of response. After 48 h and 72 h the SER and Golgi apparatus appear highly exaggerated. Their volume density is increased and the numeral density of secretory granules also increased. The average volume of the secretory granules decreased apparently in 72 h groups. These results show that the hypoxia cause the ultrastructural changes and enhance the evidence that Clara cells may participate the formation of the surfactant.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of exhalation valve location as well as its type on carbon dioxide (CO2) rebreathing during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV).Methods With a standardized NPPV experimental model system, the exhalation valve was respectively installed between the ventilator tube and mask (positionⅠ), or on the mask (positionⅡ). This study included four groups according to the position and type of exhalation valve, namely: single-arch exhalation valve was installed on the positionⅠ (A group), and positionⅡ (C group, the distal end of single-arch exhalation valve was blocked); plateau exhalation valve was installed on the positionⅠ (B group) and positionⅡ (D group, the distal end of plateau exhalation valve was blocked). Under standard experimental condition, the pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) was monitored in the trachea or the mask through adjusting the expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP, EPAP was set at 5 cmH2O and 10 cmH2O, 1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa) and tidal volume (VT, VT was set at 300, 400, 500 mL). Leakage of exhalation valve was monitored when single-arch exhalation and plateau exhalation valves were respectively placed in the positionⅠ through adjusting the inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP at 5, 10, 15, 20 cmH2O respectively). Results① Under standard experimental condition, when EPAP was 5 cmH2O, PETCO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) in the trachea was 69.6±3.4, 61.4±2.7, 54.8±1.5, 49.8±1.3 in A, B, C, D groups respectively; and it was 24.8±1.9, 21.8±1.6, 2.8±0.8, 1.8±0.8 in the mask, respectively. When EPAP was 10 cmH2O, the PETCO2 in the trachea was 64.2±3.6, 57.2±3.7, 48.8±2.6, 41.8±2.6 in A, B, C, and D groups respectively; and it was 23.0±1.6, 20.2±1.6, 2.2±0.8, 1.2±0.8 in the mask, respectively. For the same exhalation valve type, exhalation valve being installed on positionⅡ could induce significantly lower PETCO2 in the trachea and mask than that being installed on positionⅠ (allP< 0.05). For the same expiratory valve position, plateau exhalation valve produced significantly lower PETCO2 than single-arch valve (allP< 0.05).② As the VT increased, the PETCO2 in the trachea of each group was reduced obviously. When VT was 500 mL, PETCO2 (mmHg) was significantly lower than VT, which were 300 mL and 400 mL (A group: 51.4±2.7 vs. 72.8±2.9, 69.6±3.4; B group: 44.8±2.4 vs. 65.4±2.1, 61.4±2.7;C group: 36.8±1.9 vs. 59.0±1.6, 54.8±1.5; D group: 28.8±1.9 vs. 52.6±2.0, 49.8±1.3; allP< 0.05).③ When exhalation valve type was placed in positionⅠ, the air leakage of single-arch exhalation valve was increased to (15.8±1.9), (20.2±1.9), (23.8±2.8), (28.0±1.6) L/min, and the plateau exhalation valve was essentially unchanged to (24.2±1.6), (23.8±1.6), (25.2±1.6), (25.2±1.6) L/min as the IPAP was increased from 5, 10, 15, to 20 cmH2O. Conclusions Exhalation valve fixing on mask is more appropriate for CO2 discharge than that fixed on tube-mask valve. Plateau exhalation valve as well as moderately increasing VT is beneficial for CO2 discharge and CO2 rebreathing prevention.

Objectives To investigate the expression features and roles of the costimulatory molecules and T lymphocyte subsets from patients with chronic nephritis.Methods The expression of the costimulatory molecules CD 28 and CD 137 on PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and T lymphocyte subsets from 52 patients with chronic nephritis were studied by immunophenotyping and flow cytometry analysis.Results The T lymphocyte subsets from patients with chronic nephritis showed an obvious imbalance with reversing CD 4/CD 8 ratio,decreasing CD + 4T cells and increasing CD + 8T cells.The expression of the costimulatory molecule CD 28 on T cells was significantly lower compared with normal controls (P

Objective To study clinical effect of vaginoplusty with sigmoid colon by laparoscopic surgery. Method Clinical data of 45 cases with laparuscopic vaginoplasty using a vuscularized pedicled sigmoid colon flap were reviewed, including 41 cases with congenital absence of vagina and 4 cases with male pseudohermaphroditism. Operation time, blood loss, the anatomical and functional newly forming vagina were evaluated. Results The sigmoid colon colpopoiosis was preformed successfully in all 45 cases. The range of operation time was 135-245 minutes and the mean time was 157 minutes. The mean blood loss was 82 ml during operation. The artificial vaginas had excellent cosmetic outcome, including adequate vaginal length, good lubrication, and appearance and physical functions similar to natural vagina. A vaginal mould was employed for more than 3 months in 34 cases, achieving a good dilatation of the artificial vagina. Twenty-five patients with satisfied sexual intercourse were reported. Conclusion Laparoscopic vaginoplasty using a vuscularized pedicled sigmoid colon flap is a feasible and ideal management.

Objective To investigate the apoptotic effect of microRNA-1 (miR-1) on hypoxemic cardiomyocytes. Methods The cultured H9C2 cells were divided into 5 groups:normal control group, negative control group, H2O2 group, miR-1 group and H2O2+miR-1 group. After verified the success of transfection by real time PCR, MTT and flow cytometry methods were used to test the cell vitality and apoptotic rate, while the mRNA and protein expression level of Bcl-2 were de-tected by real time PCR and Western blot methods. Results Compared with normal control group, there were no significant differences in all indexes in negative control group. The application of H2O2 and miR-1 respectively or together significantly increased the miR-1 level and apoptotic rate, and reduced the cell vitality and Bcl-2 expression level. Conclusion mi-croRNA-1 can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis by downregulating anti-apoptosis factor Bcl-2.

Objective To investigate the existence of pulmonary vascular remodeling after left pneumonectomy in rats and the role of hypoxia inducible factor-lα( HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) in pulmonary vascular remodeling.Methods Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, 12 in each group.The rat models of pulmonary vascular remodeling were created by open-chest left pneumonectomy.After 12 weeks of feeding, the mean pulmonary artery pressure ( mPAP) and partial pressure of arterial oxygen ( PaO2 ) of each rat were measured.The ultrastructure of small arteries in the lung specimens were examined by e-lectron microscopy.Muscularized degree of three kinds of small pulmonary vessels ( muscularized artery MA, partially mus-cularized artery PMA, and non-muscularized artery NMA) were observed by light microscopy, and the percentage of each kind of pulmonary arteries ( MA%, PMA%, NMA%) were calculated.Arterial external diameter, media thickness of ves-sel ( MTV) , total vascular area, media area of vessel ( MAV) , MTV%and MAV%were calculated as indicators of pul-monary vascular remodeling.The expressions of HIF-1αand VEGF in artery were detected by immunohistochemistry.Re-sults The values of mPAP, MA%, PMA%, MTV, MAV, MTV% and MAV% in the experimental group were signifi-cantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01), but the value of PaO2 and NMA%were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01).The IOD value of HIF-1αand VEGF expressed in the pulmonary arterial wall of the experimental group were 26.47 ±4.16 and 42.04 ±3.79, respectively, significantly higher than those in the control group (6.12 ±2.14 and 11.53 ±2.29, P<0.01).Linear correlation analysis showed that the expression of HIF-1αand VEGF was positively correlated with MTV% and MAV%, negatively correlated with PaO2 , and the HIF-1αexpression was posi-tively correlated with VEGF expression.Conclusions A rat model of pulmonary vascular remodeling can be successfully established by left pneumonectomy.Hypoxia is a key factor in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling, HIF-1αand VEGF may play an important role in its pathogenesis.

Objective To study the effects of dendritic cells (DC) modified with transforming growth factor ?1 (TGF-?1) gene on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in Lewis rats. Methods 30 female Lewis rats were divided randomly into 6 groups: normal group, EAMG group, DCs treatment group, pcDNA_3-TGF-?1-DCs treatment group, pcDNA_3-DCs treatment group and normal saline group. The rats were immunized with the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) protein extracted from electric organ of Narcine timilei and completed Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in the experiment groups except normal group. 2?106 pcDNA_3-TGF-?1-DCs/rat were injected subcutaneously into the backs of the rats that had been immunized 5 days earlier with AChR+CFA. The rats in DCs treatment group, pcDNA_3-DCs treatment group and normal saline group were injected in parallel with untreated DCs, pcDNA_3-DCs and normal saline respectively. Then the clinical manifestations were observed everyday. And 7 weeks after the first immunization, repetitive nerve stimulation, detection of acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChRab) and ultrastructural study of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) were performed. Results (1) The mild symptoms were observed on 1 or 2 rats in the experiment groups except normal group after a week, which lasted for 2 to 5 days. After about 5 weeks, the rats in EAMG group, DCs treatment group, pcDNA_3-DCs treatment group and normal saline group presented some symptoms at different degree like myasthenia gravis, and only one of the rats in pcDNA_3-TGF-?1-DCs treatment group presented mildly decreased activity. (2) The significant decrement of repetitive nerve stimulation were found in EAMG group, DCs treatment group, pcDNA_3-DCs treatment group and normal saline group(16.75?6.13, 17.75?7.81, 18.25?8.22 and 16.50?7.14, respectively), but there was no attenuation in pcDNA_3-TGF-?1-DCs treatment group and normal group(3.20?3.70 and 5.60?2.70, respectively). The percentage of decrement in pcDNA_3-TGF-?1-DCs treatment group was lower than that in EAMG group(5.60?2.70 and 16.75?6.13, respectively,P0.05). (4) The combined AChRs in NMJ of the rats in pcDNA_3-TGF-?1-DCs group were higher than that in EAMG group, and the structure changes of the synapse were relieved.Conclusion It suggests that DCs, transfected with pcDNA_3-TGF-?1, when injected subcutaneously into Lewis rats with incipient EAMG, could inhibit the production of AChR-Ab, relieve the pathologic changes in NMJ and ameliorate the development of EAMG.

Objective To investigate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) and their relationship with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Methods Eighty patients with gastric cancer had been admitted to our department from January 2005 to December 2005, including 48 with local lymph node metastasis and 32 without local lymph node metastasis. Ten specimens of normal gastric mucosa from patients with gastric ulcer were used as control. The expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in serum and tissues were detected. Results The senun levels of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in patients with gastric cancer were significantly higher than those in the control group (χ2= 8.39, P < 0.05). The positive rate of the VEGF-C expression in the sermn of patients with gastric cancer was influenced by the lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 7.01, P < 0.05). The positive rates of the expressions of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in the gastric cancer tissue were 53% (42/80) and 63% (50/80), which were significantly higher than those in the normal gastric mucosa (χ2 =6.44, 6.58, P <0.05). The positive rate of the VEGF-C expression in the tissue of patients with gastric cancer was influenced by the lymph node metastasis (χ2=11.25, P <0.05). Conclusions The expression of VEGF-C is closely related to lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. The serum levels of VEGF-C can be used as biologic markers in detecting lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer preoperatively.

Clinical data of 61 cases of imported malaria were analyzed retrospectively.Patients with malaria were divided into three groups,asymptomatic tertian (vivax) malaria,symptomatic tertian malaria and pernicious (falciparum) malaria.Only mild hepatic damage occurred in some patients with asymptomatic tertian malaria,compared with other groups Symptomatic tertian malaria and pernicious malaria were misdiagnosed in 6 of 20 and three of six,respectively before hospitalization,and 16 of 20 and four of six patients complicated with thrombocytopenia,respectively,and both of them had increased serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP).Platelet count negatively correlated with their serum level of CRP significantly in patients with symptomatic tertian malaria (r =-0.555,P ＜ 0.05).Routine anti-malaria therapy was used in imported malaria,blackwater fever occurred in two patients and acute renal failure occurred in one with falciparum malaria.It is suggested plasmodium exam ination in peripheral blood should be performed in all persons returned from countries prevalent with malaria,thrombocytopenia is an indicator of acute malaria,and more severe complications usually tend to occur in falciparum malaria.