OBJECTIVE Discuss the cooperative relationship between The Office of Nosocomial Infection Control("the Office") and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention("the Center") in hospital.METHODS The cooperative relationship between the Office of Nosocomial Infection Control and the Center were analyzed,the third degree A Class hospitals in Beijing area.RESULTS 25 hospitals had set up Centers.Among them,there are special stuff in charge of the report of the infection in 17 hospitals which had the Office with the function of the Center.So far,none of the Offices with the function of the Center can operate all the functions of the office.CONCLUSIONS The setup of the Center is to detect and control infectious disease on the basis of nosocomial infection control.

Objective To explore the effects of diagnostic delay on early disease course of Crohn's disease (CD ), and to analyze the risk factors related with the progress of early disease course. Methods From December 2014 to July 2017,a total of 56 patients in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University initially diagnosed as CD were selected.The clinical manifestation,previous history,imaging examination, endoscopic examination and pathological results of the patients were collected after initial diagnosis of CD. CD-related surgery,CD-related rehospitalization and use of immunomodulators were followed.According to time interval between initial symptom onset and initial diagnosis,the patients were divided into diagnostic delay group (diagnostic delay time＞two years,14 cases)and non-diagnostic delay group (diagnostic delay time≤two years,42 cases).The clinical characteristics at initial diagnosis and early prognosis were compared between the two groups.The risk factors affecting early prognosis of CD patients were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier was used for prognosis analysis.Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model were performed to analyze factors affecting early prognosis.Results The results of imaging examination indicated that the proportion of intestinal injury of diagnostic delay group was significantly higher than that of non- diagnostic delay group (χ2＝ 4.49,P ＝ 0.03 ).During follow-up,the proportion of CD-related rehospitalization of diagnostic delay group was higher than that of non-diagnostic delay group,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝7.34,P＝0.01).During follow-up,the nine patients received surgery.The one-year and three-year cumulative incidence of surgery was 10.7% and 22.7%,respectively;one-year cumulative incidence of surgery in diagnostic delay group and non-diagnostic delay group was 38 .6%and 9 .6%,respectively.The results of Cox univariable and multivariable analyses both indicated that intestinal injury in imaging examination at diagnosis was the risk factor of surgery (both hazard ratio (HR)＝2.313,both P＜0.01).A total of 21 patients had CD-related rehospitalization during follow-up.And one-year and 31-month cumulative incidence of hospitalization was 27 .8% and 5 6 .3%,respectively;one-year cumulative incidence of CD-related rehospitalization in diagnostic delay group and non-diagnostic delay group was 43 .7% and 2 1 .6%,respectively;and the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝5 .88 ,P＝0.02).The results of Cox univariable analysis indicated that having systematic manifestation,intestinal inj ury in imaging examination and diagnostic delay were the risk factors of CD-related rehospitalization (HR＝2.972,2.313 and 1.403,all P＜0.05).The results of multivariable analysis indicated that having systematic manifestation and intestinal injury in imaging examination were independent risk factors of CD-related rehospitalization (HR＝3.891 and 2.541, P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Conclusions The proportion of intestinal injury of patients with diagnostic delay is high and the early prognosis is poor. Intestinal injury in imaging examination at initial diagnosis is independently risk factor of CD-related surgery and rehospitalization during follow-up.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder resulting from genetic susceptibility, abnormal immune function in the intestinal mucosa, disruptions of gut microbiota, and other factors. With the population aging, the numbers of elderly patients with IBD and those with Alzheimer diseases (AD) are on the rise. Studies have demonstrated that there is a significant association between IBD and AD, as both conditions share similar pathophysiological mechanisms: immune imbalance, chronic inflammation and gut microbiota disruptions. This article reviews the comorbidity between IBD and AD and the common pathological mechanisms of these two conditions to provide reference for clinical management of these patients.

Background Results of genetic testing for antipsychotic drugs can guide the rational use of drugs in clinical practice and help improve the clinical symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.However,there is currently limited evidence in China regarding the impact of genetic testing results on medication adherence,social function and drug side effects of antipsychotic drug treatment.Objective To explore the improvement of clinical symptoms,medication adherence and social function in patients with schizophrenia under the guidance of antipsychotic drug gene testing results and examine the safety of drug treatment,so as to provide references for ifor precise treatment of schizophrenia patients.Methods Patients with acute schizophrenia who received hospitalization at Dazhou Minkang Hospital from July 2019 to August 2021 as well as met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases,tenth edition(ICD-10)were selected as research subjects(n=144).Based on random number table,subjects were divided into study group and control group,with 72 cases in each group.Control group received drug treatment based on the doctor's clinical experience,while study group received drug treatment based on the results of gene testing for antipsychotic drug.Both treatments lasted for 12 weeks.At baseline as well as 2,4,8 and 12 weeks after treatment,Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS),8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale(MMAS-8),Social Functional Rating Scale(SFRS)and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS)were adopted for assessment.Result Time effect and group effect of the reducing rate of PANSS,MMAS-8 and SFRS scores in the groups were statistically significant(Ftime=95.251,6.650,14.101,Fgroup=38.055,58.175,128.221,P<0.01).The interaction effect of the reduction rates of MMAS-8 scores in two groups was statistically significant(Finteraction=5.837,P<0.01).The group effect and interaction effect of the severity scores of drug side effects and patient pain scores in two groups were statistically significant(Fgroup=7.553,81.533,Finteraction=8.693,9.322,P<0.01).Conclusion In terms of improving clinical symptom relief,medication adherence,social function and drug side effects,medication for patients with schizophrenia guided by genetic testing of antipsychotic drugs may be more effective than that relying on medication based on clinical experience.

Diabetes cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a cardiovascular disease with structural damage and dysfunction of myocardium under the condition of glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in diabetes.The main pathological characteristics are ventricular hypertrophy,myocardial remodeling and cardiomyocyte death,which induce heart failure.DCM has become one of the main causes of death in patients with diabetes.As a pro-inflammatory programmed cell death pathway,pyroptosis mediated by inflammasomes is considered an important driver of chronic inflammation due to its exces-sive activation.Recently,it was found that the over activation of pyroptosis promoted the course of DCM and became the hub connecting the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes and myocardial injury.With the discovery of more and more roles of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in regulating pyroptosis,TCM affects the occurrence and develop-ment of DCM by regulating pyroptosis or protein expression,which has become a research hotspot of myocardial protection strategies in diabetes.This article reviews the mechanism of pyroptosis in DCM and the research progress of TCM mono-mers and compound prescriptions in regulating the process of pyroptosis in DCM,in order to provide new ideas and targets for clinical research and treatment of DCM.

Objective: To assess the follow-up situstion and changes of policies related to the prevention and control on chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in various provinces from 2011 to 2017. Methods: Three national assessment programs on the prevention and control capacity of NCDs were carried out from September 2012 to March 2013, September 2014 to March 2015, and July to November 2018 respectively. Data related to the capacity on policy implementation among the 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipality directly under the central government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, were collected through online surveys. Results: The rate of data collection in all the provinces reached 100%, for all three surveys. In 2011, 2013, and 2017, the capacity for policy development special funding was distributed for prevention and control NCDs under the provincial fiscal revenue by 27 provinces (84.4%), 26 provinces (81.3%) and 25 provinces (78.1%), and the numbers of provincial governments leaders attended the local activities related to prevention and control NCDs was 15 (46.9%), 13 (40.6%) and 19(59.4%), respectively. From 2009 to 2011, 14 (43.8%) proposals related to the topics on prevention and control of NCDs, were raised at the provincial People’s Congress and Political Consultative Conference, while from 2011 to 2013 and2014 to 2017, 13 (40.6%) and 12 (37.5%) were respectively raised. In terms of capacity for policy development, numbers of provincial comprehensive plan which targeting prevention and control of NCDs reached 6 (18.8%), 20 (62.5%) and 27 (84.4%) in 2011, 2013, and 2017 respectively. In 2011, 2013 and 2017, numbers of provincial special plans that targeting on NCDs or the risk factors of NCDs prevention and control were 0, 1, and 3, respectively. Conclusions Under the continuous introduction of international and national policies related to prevention and control on NCDs, capacity for policy formulation in various provinces has been greatly improved. However, a slight progress has been made in the capacity for policy making. The increase of capacity building on policy making regarding prevention and control of NCDs, at the provincial government level, has become a key issue.

Cassiae Semen is a substance with both edible and medicinal uses approved by the National Health Administration， and it is widely used in health food products in China. In this study， an information database of Cassiae Semen-based health food products was constructed， and the common patterns of functional claims， major raw materials， and dosage forms were analyzed. The Apriori algorithm and network method were used to analyze the association rules of high-frequency ingredients with the three major functional claims： Maintaining blood lipid （cholesterol/triglyceride） level， controlling fat， and relaxing bowel. Secondly， based on the positioning and regulatory requirements of health food and the recent research progress in Cassiae Semen， this paper analyzed the problems in technology review and product development from safety， function claim， and quality controllability. Finally， suggestions were put forward to promote the inheritance and carry forward China's traditional healthcare culture and the achievement of the Healthy China Initiative. These suggestions included classifying and optimizing the access management of health food， innovating the traditional healthcare function claims， and strengthening the quality system construction and information disclosure of post-marketing evaluation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of thyme herbal tea （BLX） on the proliferation of human coronavirus OC43 （HCoV-OC43） in vitro and in vivo. MethodThe chemical composition of BLX was analyzed by UPLC-MS. The cytotoxicity of BLX in HRT-18 cells and the effect of BLX treatment on the proliferation of HCoV-OC43 in cells were analyzed. Copies of viral gene were detected by real-time PCR. The effect of BLX treatment on the life cycle of HCoV-OC43 was detected by time-of-addition assay. The maximum tolerated dose of BLX and the influences of BLX on the body weight and survival time of suckling mice infected with HCoV-OC43 were determined. The expression of viral protein in the brain and lung tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. ResultThere were 11 chemical components identified in BLX by UPLC-MS. BLX showed the 50% cytotoxic concentration （CC₅₀） of （13 859.56±319） mg·L^-1， the median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of （1 439.09±200） mg·L^-1， and the selection index of 8.26-11.44 for HCoV-OC43 in HRT-18 cells. Compared with the cells infected with HCoV-OC43， BLX at the concentrations of 1 500， 1 000， 500 mg·L^-1 inhibited the proliferation of this virus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. BLX exhibited antiviral effect in the early stage of virus infection， and the inhibition role in the attachment stage was more significant than that in the entry stage （P<0.05）. In the suckling mice infected with HCoV-OC43， BLX at 1200 and 600 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 alleviated the symptoms， prolonged the survival period， reduced the death rate， and down-regulated the mRNA level of nucleocapsid protein in the mice. Moreover， BLX at 1 200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 down-regulated the expression of nucleocapsid protein in the brain （P<0.01） and the lung （P<0.01）. ConclusionBLX contained multiple antiviral ingredients. It inhibited the proliferation of HCoV-OC43 both in vitro and in vivo by interference with viral attachment. This study provides theoretical reference for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection with HCoV-OC43 and for further development and application of BLX.