Cadmium targets on kidney and bone and results in many toxic effects. Disturbance of calcium metabolism is one of the important aspects of cadmium toxicity, which includes reduced intestinal calcium absorption, increased urinary calcium excretion, negative calcium balance, development of osteomalacia and osteoporosis. There exists two potential mechanism of influence of cadmium on calcium metabolism. One is the direct inhibition of cadmium on active transports of calcium. The other is the indirect influence on calcium metabolism due to reduced renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholesterol induced by cadmium. Further research should focus on revealing how cadmium directly inhibits calcium entering into cells and transporting by calcium binding protein, elucidating whether renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholesterol is reduced in low-level cadmium exposure population, and also on clarifying the molecular biological mechanism of effects of cadmium on calcium metabolism.

AIM: To investigate the effect of apoptosis and the change of mitochondial tansmembrane potential in A549 cells induced by thermochemotherapy of ADM. METHODS: ADM of different concentrations was directly applied to A549 cells cultivated in vitro. Cells maintained at 42.5 ℃ for 30 min. RESULTS: The inhibition of A549 cells was increased by thermochemotherapy of ADM significantly,and the cytoplasmic concentration of thermochemotherapy of ADM was significantly higher than that of chemotherapy (P

Objective To study the protective effects of bcl-2 gene against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro. Methods The lungs of rabbits were harvested respectively and preserved according to the way of lung transplantation. Then the lungs were reperfused using an ex vivo model. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups: control group, 0.9%NaCl was given; group2, Ad/Lac Z and group 3, receiving Ad/s-bcl-2. Agents were given to the rabbits by continuous intravenous infusion 48 hours before operations. Results Ad/s-bcl-2 increased the contents of bcl-2 mRNA in lung tissue, increased lung tissue SOD contents, decreased lung tissue MDA contents, decreased PAP, improved lung edema, reduced incidence of apoptosis and improved lung histological manifestation. These indexes in the Ad/s-bcl-2 group were better than in the groups of 0.9%NaCl and Ad/LacZ. Conclusion The bcl-2 gene amy provide significant protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lung.

Objective To compare the efficacy between bronchial sleeve resection and bronchial wedge resection in the treatment of lung cancers.Methods The clinic datas of bronchial sleeve resection in 38 cases and bronchial wedge resection in 24 cases were analyzed,comparing the incindence of the fistulas on the anastomotic sites,early death,carcinoma cells on the bronchial edges,cancer recurrence on the anastomotic sites and survival rates between two groups.Results In the group of the bronchial sleeve resection,2 cases underwent the fistulas on the anastomotic sites,3 cases suffered death in the early period,2 cases residued carcinoma cells on the bronchial edges,1 case had scar hyperplasia on the anastomotic sites,1 case had cancers recurrence on the anastomotic sites.1 year,3 years,5 years survival rates were respectively 87.5%(28/32),60%(15/25),40%(4/10).In the group of the bronchial wedge resection,no cases underwent the fistulas on the anastomotic sites,2 cases suffered death in the early period,5 cases residued carcinoma cell on the bronchial edges,4 cases found scar hyperplasia on the anastomotic sites,3 cases having cancer recurrence on the anastomotic sites.1 year,3 years,5 years survival rates were respectively 85.7%(18/21),53.3%(8/15),42.9%(3/7).Conclusion Compared with bronchial sleeve resection in the treatment of lung cancers,the bronchial wedge resection increases the incindence of carcinoma cell on the bronchial edges and cancer recurrence on the anastomotic sites,but there is no difference in survival rate between them.

Objective To research the effect of lysine vitamin B12 oral liquid in treatment ofinfantile anorexia.Methods 130 cases with infantile anorexia admitted from May 2015 to May 2016,which in our hospital pediatric outpatient,were randomly divided into control group and observation group,65 cases in each group.The control group were given routine therapy,including the general treatment,to guide parents to correct the poor eating habits of children and themselves,and given conventional doses of zinc gluconate oral solution according to age.Observation group weregiven lysine vitamin B12 oral solution based on the control group.4 weeks for a course of treatment,of the treatment lasted for three courses.Efficacy,immune function and related adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Results The total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [93.85％(61/65)vs.(70.77％,46/60)].The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The immunological function of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant adverse reactions in the two groups.Conclusions Based on the conventional treatment,the effect thatLysine vitamin B12 oral solution on the treatment of children with anorexia was significantly better,which can restore immune function,and application is safety.

Objective To evaluate the effect of duration of subcutaneous injection on the extent of bruising at injection sites among patients receiving low- molecular weight heparin. Methods Randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental within-subject design that assessed the effect of subcutaneous duration on the bruising of injection sites were selected in Cochrane library, JBI evidence-based practice medical and nursing database, PubMed biomedical information retrieval platform, Medline general medical literature retrieval database. RevMan5.3 software was used to analyze the data after quality assessment, and data extraction were made for eligible trials. Results A total of 9 trials were included. The results of Meta-analysis supported the 30 s duration injection technique on reducing the rate of bruising of injection sites than 10 s duration injection technique (odds ratio was 0.34,95%confidence interval 0.25-0.47, P<0.01).While it was failed to support the effect on reducing the bruising area 48 and 72 hours after injection (P > 0.05). Conclusions Increasing the length of low-molecular weight heparin subcutaneous injection can reduce the rate of bruising. While it could not effectively reduce the area.

Objective Our previous study showed that cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are expressed in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the expression of COX-2 is prior to VEGF, indicating that COX-2 is probably one of upstream regulatory factors of VEGF. The aim of this study was to observe inhibition and mechanism of intravitreous injection of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on experimental choroidal neovascularization in a laser-induced rat model. Methods Retinal photocoagulation was performed in 36 right eyes of 36 male Brown Norway rats to establish CNV models with the laser parameter as follows:wavelength 532 nm, power 80 mW, spot diameter 100 p, m and time shutter 100 ms. Eight or ten spots were irradiated in the position of 1.5 - 2. 0 PD to optic disc. Celecoxib or normal saline solution was intravitreously injected via scleral incision in 18 right eyes of 18 rats, respectively. The thickness and area of CNV were qualified by HE staining(n =3) and by choroidal flatmount (n =3) at day 14 after photocoagulation under the light microscope. The expressions of VEGF and COX-2 in RPE-choroid-sclera complex were examined by Western blot(n =6) and RT-PCR(n =6) at day 7 after photocoagulation. The experimental procedure followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. The license for animal administration was obtained. Results After intravitreous injection with celecoxib, the thickness and area of CNV were significantly smaller in celecoxib group than normal saline group on 14 days (69. 75 μm ± 7. 50 μm vs 45. 84 μm ± 5. 59 μm in thickness and 87 854 pixel~2 ± 6 735 pixel~2 vs 61 101 pixel~2 ± 6 314 pixel~2 in area, P =0.00). The expressions of VEGF protein and mRNA were obviously lower in celecoxib group compared with normal saline group(t = 3. 755, P = 0.02; t =3. 155, P =0. 03) . No significant difference was found in expression of COX-2 mRNA between the two groups (t = 0. 581, P = 0. 59). Conclusion Intravitreous injection of celecoxib can effectively inhibit CNV by downregulating VEGF level, which is a new approach for the treatment of CNV.

Clinical practice is the critical stage of training medical students in basic clinical quality.For the current major issues,such as lack of clinical case resources,lack of teaching conditions,and less chances of practice for students,cases library combined with medical human patient simulator is used in extern's teaching.Through this teaching,the students can touch numerous and comprehensive clinical cases,grasp clinical techniques proficiently,predominate diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in Orthopaedics efficiently by using medical human patient simulator.The effect of clinical practice teaching is improved greatly.The practice of related teaching means and methods provides a new way for the reform of the practice teaching.

A subcellular proteomic method was applied to investigate the protein expression profiles of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines,CNE1 and CNE2,at various differentiation levels.Plasma membrane (PM) proteins were obtained by Percoll density grade centrifugation and subjected to twodimensional electrophoresis (2DE) followed by PDQuest software analysis.Nine proteins expressed with more than two folds difference were identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF,of which functions involved in cell differentiation,signal transduction,and metabolism.Half of these proteins,such as galectin-1 and annexin Ⅱ,were analyzed with real-time quantitative PCR or Westem blotting.We have tested a proteomic method to study differentiated NPCs at different levels and found several proteins that might be related to their biological characteristics.

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-21 and PDCD4mRNA in colorectal cancer and their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics,to elucidate relationship between PDCD4and miR-21 in vivo.Methods Expression of RNA (including miR-21and PDCD4mRNA) and PDCD4 protein were detected respectively by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR and SP immunohistochemical staining in 43 cases of colorectal carcinoma and corresponding normal mucous membrane tissue.Results In colorectal carcinoma,expression of miR-21 was higher than that of the control ( P ＜ 0.05 ),and expression of PDCD4mRNA lower than the control ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Expression of miR21 was associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stages ( Ⅰ + Ⅱ,Ⅲ + Ⅳ ) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).On the other hand,no significant differences were observed regarding sex,tumor site,size,local invasion,distant metastases,clinical stages( Ⅰ,Ⅱ ) (P ＞ 0.05 ).Expression of PDCD4mRNA was associated with local invasion,clinical stages ( Ⅰ,Ⅱ ) ( P ＜ 0.05 ).While no significant differences were found concerning sex,site,size,lymph node metastasis,distant metastases,clinical stages( Ⅰ + Ⅱ,Ⅲ + Ⅳ ) ( P ＞ 0.05 ).miR21 levels was negatively correlated with PDCD4 expression including nuclear and nuclear and cytoplasmic put together (P ＜ 0.05 ),in contrast to PDCD4mRNA and PDCD4 expression in cytoplasmic ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions ( 1 ) Abnormal expression of PDCD4 mRNA and miR-21 correlate with prognosis in colorectal cancer.(2) miR-21 suppress translation of PDCD4mRNA by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR)of target PDCD4mRNA.