AIM: To investigate changes of Ca 2+ activated potassium channels (K Ca) in autogenous vein grafts. METHODS: The contraction of venous ring was measured by means of perfusion in vitro. The intimal proliferation and proliferation of cultured smooth muscle cells (vascular smooth muscle cells, VSMCs) were observed by the means of computerised image analysis and MTT method, respectively. Furthermore, whole cell mode of patch clamp was used to record K Ca of VSMCs isolated from autogenous vein grafts. RESULTS: 1 week after transplantation there were no significant differences of contraction and intimal relative thickness between autogenous vein grafts and control. Contraction and intimal relative thickness of autogenous vein graft were significantly increased 2 weeks after transplantation (P

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 87 patients with suspected cervical posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) rupture,who underwent cervical spine surgery in Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital from January 2015 to September 2017,were analyzed retrospectively.The criteria of MRI diagnosis for PLL rupture were the low signal image of the PLL on the posterior margin of the vertebral body,the discontinuity or continuous interruption,or the local highlighting signal on the T2 weighted image.According to intraoperative findings,the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for PLL rupture was examined.Among 87 patients,31 cases were diganosed as PLL rupture by preoperative MRI;and 38 cases were confirmed by intraoperative exploration,of whom 30 were diagnosed with MRI,and 8 were missed by MRI.The accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of MRI in the diagnosis of ruptured PLL were 0.90,0.79 and 0.98 respectively.MRI has a good diagnostic efficiency in PLL rupture,which can be used for preoperative investigation.

Objectives:To investigate and analyze the risk factors of screw loosening after single segment posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)with cortical bone trajectory(CBT)screw,and to establish and validate a visualized nomogram predictive model.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 102 patients un-dergone single-segment PLIF in our hospital from March 2020 to June 2023,and a total of 357 CBT screws were placed,averaged 3.5±0.3 per patient.The postoperative follow-up time was 2.0-35.0 months,with a me-dian of 22.5 months.On the basis of lumbar CT scans,screw loosening was defined as a continuous trans-parent area exceeding 1mm,surrounded with thin sclerotic areas.The patients were divided into loosening group of 45 cases and non-loosening group of 57 cases,with 117 screws loosening and 240 screws non-loosening.The demographic data[gender,age,body mass index(BMI),bone mineral density(BMD)],operative in-dicators(operative time,blood loss,lumbar fusion grade,Oswestry disability index),and radiological parameters[screw fixation to S1(FS1),screw trabecular Hounsfield unit(HU),screw sagittal angle(SA),coronary angle(CA),and cortical bone contact layer(CBCL)]were compared between groups.Lasso regression and multivariate logis-tic regression models were used to screen the optimal independent risk factors to screw loosening,and then a nomogram predictive model was constructed with R software.The internal predictive stability[consistency index(C-index)],prediction differentiation(sensitivity and specificity),prediction probability accuracy(degree of agree-ment),and net clinical benefit of the model was evaluated with Bootstrap method,receiver operating curve(ROC),calibration curve,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results:The BMD in loosening group was signifi-cantly less than that in non-loosening group(P＜0.05),and there were no statistical differences in the other demographic data and surgical indexes between two groups(P＞0.05).Compared with non-loosening group,the FS1 percentage and CA in the loosening group significantly increased,while CBCL significantly decreased(P＜0.05).BMD(OR=0.44,95％CI=0.21-0.89,P＜0.001),FS1(OR=3.12,95％CI=2.03-4.54,P＜0.001),CA(OR=1.45,95％CI=1.12-2.03,P＜0.001),and CBCL(OR=0.67,95％CI=0.32-0.88,P＜0.001)were the independent risk fac-tors of screw loosening after single-segment PLIF.The total score of the model was 140 points.The bootstrap method calculated the C-index of 0.856(P=0.125),ROC showed area under curve(AUC)of 0.847(95％CI=0.801-0.912,P＜0.001).The calibration curve and DC A both showed good consistency in the model's predic-tive result and clinical net benefit ratio.Conclusions:The BMD,FS1,CA,and CBCL are the independent risk factors for screw loosening after single-segment PLIF with CBT screws,and the nomogram model con-structed has certain application values in early clinical screening of high-risk patients for screw loosening.

ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention effect of Buzhong Yiqitang （BZYQT） on pulmonary inflammation in mice induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia （CIH） and preliminarily elucidate its mechanism. MethodForty healthy male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into the following groups： normoxia group， model group （exposed to CIH）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose BZYQT groups. The normoxia group was exposed to a normoxic environment， while the model group and the low-， medium-， and high-dose BZYQT groups were exposed to intermittent hypoxia. In the BZYQT groups， the BZYQT （8.1， 16.2， 32.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1） was administered orally 30 min before placing the mice in the hypoxic chamber， while the model group and the normoxia group received an equivalent volume of normal saline. After five weeks of modeling， pulmonary function of the mice was measured using an EMKA animal lung function analyzer， and lung tissue samples were collected after the pulmonary function tests. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes in the lung tissue of each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-8 （IL-8）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the serum， as well as angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ） and angiotensin-（1-7） ［Ang（1-7）］ in lung tissue. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the protein expression of IL-6， IL-8， TNF-α， angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 （ACE2）， and mitochondrial assembly receptor （Mas）. ResultCompared with the normoxia group， the model group showed significant abnormalities in lung function （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lung tissue changes， such as thickening of alveolar walls and inflammatory cell infiltration， increased levels of IL-6， IL-8， TNF-α in the serum and Ang Ⅱ in lung tissue （P<0.01）， decreased level of Ang（1-7） （P<0.01）， increased protein expression of IL-6， IL-8， and TNF-α， and decreased protein expression of ACE2 and Mas （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the BZYQT groups showed improvement in lung function （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and HE staining of lung tissue showed approximately normal alveolar wall thickness and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis showed a significant decrease in the expression of inflammatory-related proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and a significant increase in ACE2 and Mas protein expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBZYQT can improve lung injury in mice exposed to CIH by regulating the ACE2-Ang（1-7）-Mas axis to inhibit inflammatory responses.

Respiratory diseases are common， frequently-occurring clinical diseases. As the prevalence rate is increasing year by year， they have become a problem that seriously affects public health. The diseases are mainly located in the lung by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation. Lung governs Qi and controls breathing and is also an organ for the storage of phlegm. Clinically， phlegm and Qi are often used for the treatment. Banxia Houputang （BHT）， originated from Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》）， was used to treat plum-stone Ai （globus hystericus） at first. It is composed of Rhizoma Pinelliae， Cortex Magnoliae Offcinalis， Poria， Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens， and Folium Perillae， and treats diseases with the core pathogensis of mutual obstruction of phlegm and Qi. BHT has the effects of moving Qi， dissipating mass， descending adverse Qi， and resolving phlegm， which basically correspond to the pathological characteristics of the lungs. Clinical studies have confirmed that modified BHT can be used either alone or in combination with western medicine to treat chronic pharyngitis， asthma， chronic obstructive pulmonary disease， pneumonia， obstructive sleep apnea， upper airway cough syndrome and other respiratory diseases， with significant effects. It effectively improves the symptoms and signs of the diseases and reduces the recurrence rate. Basic research has shown that BHT plays anti-inflammatory， anti-oxidative stress， anti-apoptotic， autophagy-regulating， and iron overload-regulating roles by regulating the targets in multiple pathways. This paper， by combing the relevant literature in recent years， conducted a systematic review on BHT from the three aspects of syndrome analysis， clinical treatment research and mechanism research， with a view to providing theoretical basis and reference for the mechanism research of BHT in treating respiratory diseases and for expanding its clinical application.

【Objective】 To investigate the early clinical efficacy of full endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases with lumbar instability. 【Methods】 We made a retrospective analysis of 22 cases of lumbar degenerative diseases with lumbar instability treated by full endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion in Department of Orthopedics， Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2019 to June 2020. The operation time， intraoperative bleeding volume， and hospital stay were recorded. The Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） for lower back pain and leg pain and Oswestry disability index （ODI） were compared before operation， 1 week， 1 month， 3 months， 6 months and at the last follow-up after operation. Modified MacNab was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy at the last follow-up. 【Results】 Operations on the 22 patients were all completed successfully. The average operation time was （206.59±5.69） min （with the range of 180-240 min）； the average volume of intraoperative bleeding was （92.73±22.29） mL （with the range of 50-120 mL）； the average hospitalization time was （8.82±1.53） d （with the range of 7-13 d）. All the patients were followed up for an average of （10.95±3.34） months （with the range of 6-18 months）. The VAS score and ODI at each time point after surgery were significantly decreased compared with those before operation （P<0.05）. The modified MacNab used to evaluate the clinical efficacy at the last follow-up showed that the total excellent and good rate was 90.91%， including 17 cases of excellence， 3 cases of good， and 2 cases of fair. 【Conclusion】 The early clinical effect of full endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases with lumbar instability is satisfactory.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of Uyghur medicine Yangxin Dawayimixike Honey Paste （养心达瓦依米西克蜜膏， YDMHP） in the treatment of stable angina pectoris （SAP） of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. MethodsA randomized ， double-blind， positive-controlled，multi-center clinical trial was conducted， in which 370 patients with SAP of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group（279 cases）and control group（91cases）at a ratio of 3∶1. The treatment group was orally administered with YDMHP， 3 g each time， and placebo of Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule （血府逐瘀胶囊）， 2.4 g each time， while the control group was treated with Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule， 2.4 g each time， and placebo of YDMHP， 3 g each time， both twice a day for a course of 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the effect of angina pectoris symptom. The secondary outcomes include single angina symptom scores such as number of attacks， duration of attacks， pain intensity and usae of nitroglycerin scores， the total angina symptom score before and after the treatment， the usage of nitroglycerin， the exercise duration in treadmill exercise test （TET） and the Duck treadmill score among patients，the scores of Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） on five dimensions including physical limitations， anginal stability， anginal frequency， treatment satisfaction， and disease perception， and efficacy of TCM syndrome and of each single TCM symptom after treatment. The safety were evaluated by examine blood routine， urine routine， liver and kidney function， fasting blood sugar， electrocardiogram， adverse events. ResultsThe total effective rate of angina symptom in the treatment group was 71.69% （200/279）， significantly higher than 51.64% （47/91） in the control group （P＜0.01）. The curative and markedly effective rate of TCM syndrome in the treatment group was 53.05% （148/279）， which was significantly higher than 25.27% （23/91） in the control group （P＜0.01）. After treatment， scores of the number as well as duration of angina attacks and pain severity， the total score of angina symptoms， and the usage of nitroglycerin significantly decreased in both groups， and more changes were seen in the treatment group than in the control group； the scores of physical limitations， anginal stability， anginal frequency， treatment satisfaction， and disease perception in both groups significantly increased， and more improvement were shown in the experimental group regarding the anginal stability， anginal frequency and treatment satisfaction （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The effects of chest pain， chest tightness， palpitation， shortness of breath and fatigue in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There was no significant difference in the exercise duration of treadmill test and Duke score among patients between the two groups either before or after treatment （P＞0.05）. Adverse events occurred in 66 cases （23.66%） of the experimental group and 16 cases （17.58%） of the control group， with no statistical significance between the two groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionThe Uyghur medicine YDMHP can effectively improve symptoms of angina pectoris， reduce the number， duration， and intensity of attacks， decrease the dosage of nitrogly-cerin and improve the individual TCM symptoms and has good safety in the treatment of SAP patients of qi stagnation and blood stasis.