Aim To observe the effects of activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2 ) by ethanol on testis injury of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods Type 2 diabetic rats model were established by high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin ( STZ ) injec-tions. After the success of modeling, the rats were ran-domly divided into 3 groups ( n =6 ): normal control group (NC), type 2 diabetes group (T2DM) and eth-anol+type 2 diabetes group (EtOH+T2DM). Rats of EtOH + T2DM were treated with low-dose ethanol, then rats of NC and T2 DM were given normal diet for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the levels of the fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1 c ) and testosterone were tested, and the ratio of testis weight to body weight ( TW/BW ) was calculated. Morphological changes of testis tissue were observed by optical microscope. The levels of ALDH2 mRNA and transforming growth factorβ1 ( TGF-β1 ) mRNA in tes-tis tissue were measured. The expression of TGF-β1 in testis tissue was observed by immunohistochemical stai-ning, then the positive rate of TGF-β1 was calculated. Results Compared with NC, the levels of FBG, HbA1 c and TW/BW increased significantly and the level of testosterone decreased significantly in T2DM. The morphological observation showed that some semi-niferous tubules atrophied, spermatogenic cells de-creased and arrangemented loosely, Leydig cells de-creased in testicular interstitial. The level of ALDH2 mRNA in testis tissue decreased significantly, and the level of TGF-β1 mRNA and the positive rate of TGF-β1 in testis tissue increased significantly. However, compared with T2DM, the levels of FBG, HbA1c and TW/BW decreased, and the level of testosterone in-creased and the damage of testis tissue was attenuated in EtOH+T2DM. The level of ALDH2 mRNA in testis tissue increased significantly, and the level TGF-β1 mRNA and the positive rate of TGF-β1 in testis tissue decreased significantly. Conclusion Activating AL-DH2 can protect testis in type 2 diabetic rats, which may be related to the downregulation of TGF-β1 ex-pression.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the use density of antibiotic and antifungal drugs and the positive rate of aspergillus in our hospital from 2009 to 2013,in order to provide a scientific basis for rational use of antibiotic and antifungal drugs. Methods The use density of carbapenems,two third-generation cephalosporins,and antifungal drugs,and the positive rate of aspergillus in our hospital from 2009 to 2013 were studied retrospectively. Their correlation was analyzed using SPSS software. Results There was significantly positive correlation between the use density of imipenem and that of fluconazole (r=0.913,P<0.05).The use density of biapenem was positively correlated with that of voriconazole (r=0.915,P<0.05).The use density of biapenem and that of voriconazole was positively correlated with positive rate of aspergillus,respectively ( r=0.918,r=0.955,both P<0.05).The other antibiotic and antifungal drugs were not significantly correlated to the positive rate of aspergillus.

It has been known that the Alzheimer's disease(AD)is related closely with a synaptic failure,and the p21-activated kinase(PAK)is well documented to play an important role in the regulation of the synaptie functions.However,the relationship between thePAK and the pathology of AD is unclear.In the present study,we examined the expressions of the PAK3(one subtype ofPAK),phospho-rylated-PAK(pPAK) and β-amyloid42(Aβ42,β-amyloid with 42 peptides)in an APP/PS1 double transgenie mouse model of AD andthe morphologies of geurOtlS in the hippocampus at different ages.The Western Blot results showed that the expression of PAK remainedunchanged,while,the expression of pPAK decreased largely at the age of 32 weeks and further decreased significantly with aging in thehippocampus of the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse.A1342 levels in the hippocampus were detected to increase as early as the age of 22 weeks,and kept the increase to continue with aging.The morphological results showed no obvious neuron loss in the sections of Nissl staining,while serious distonion and disorder of the dendrites of the hippocampal neurons were observed on the sections of Gelgi staining in theAPP/PS1 transgenic mouse.The present results suggested that it seemed something wrong in the processes of phospholization of PAK,butnot in the expression of the PAK itself;the toxic Aβ42 might affect the PAK in its phospholization,which in turn directly influence thedendritic development in the hippocampal neurons and cause the dendrites distorting and disordering.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Expression and correlation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHOD: In this study, expression levels of COX-2, VEGF were examined in 58 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 38 patients with inflammation in nasopharyngeal mucosa by immunohistochemistry method. RESULT: The expression of COX-2, VEGF were higher in nasopharyngeal carcinoma than those in nasopharyngeal mucosa (P < 0.05), and they had some correlation with the invasion and lymphatic metastasis and with the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P < 0.05). The expression of COX-2 was positively correlated with that of VEGF (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The coexpression of COX-2 and VEGF may play animportant role in the carcinogenesis and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and they may prom (see text) lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Carcinoma ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mucous Membrane ; metabolism ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nasopharyngitis ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; metabolism

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacilli in China in 2010.Methods A total of 1 259 consecutive and non-repetitive gram-negative bacilli were isolated from 13 teaching hospitals from September to December in 2010 in China.All of these isolates were sent to the central laboratory for re-identification and susceptibility testing.The MIC of meropenem and other antibacterial agents were determined by agar dilution method.Interpretive results was determined by CLSI M100-S21.Results The activity of 14 antibacterial agents against 845 Enterobacteriaceae isolates was as follows in order:meropenem ( 98.1％,829 ),amikacin ( 94.0％,794 ),imipeuem ( 90.0％,761 ),piperacillin/tazobactam ( 87.5％,739 ),cefepime ( 83.0％,701 ),ertapenem ( 82.4％,696 ),cefoperazone/sulbactam ( 80.3％,678 ),colistin (75.4％,637),ceftazidime (70.0％,591 ),ciprofloxacin (59.1％,499 ),cefoxitin ( 54.8％,463 ),ceftriaxone ( 53.5％,452 ),cefotaxime ( 52.3％,442 ) and minocycline(51.5％,435).The prevalence of ESBL was 61.3％ (106/173) in Escherichia coli,which was much higher than 41.2％ (70/170) in Klebsiella pneumoniae.The susceptibility rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae against meropenem,imipenem,amikacin and colistin were more than 90％,but were highly resistant to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime.Over 80％ of Enterobacter cloacae,Enterobacter aerogenes,Citrobacter freundii,were susceptible to meropenem,amikacin,cefepine,cefoperazone/sulbactam,imipenem,piperacillin/ tazobactam,and ertapenem.The most active antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were Colistin (98.4％,182),Amikacin ( 85.9％,159 ),Piperacillin/Tazobactam ( 80％,148 ),Ceftazidime ( 79.5％,147),Meropenem (74.1％,137),Ciprofloxacin (74.1％,137),Cefepime (73.5％,136),Imipenem (71.9％,132) and Cefoperazone/Sulbactam (70.8％,131 ).Less than 37％ of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were resistant to carbapenems.The susceptible rate to Minocycline was 47.8％.Colistin kept good activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (susceptible rate,97.8％,n =176),The prevalence of Pan-drug resistant P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii was 18.9％ (n =35),and 61.8％ (n =108),respectively.Conclusions Carbapenems remained very high activity against Enterobacteriaceae.Increasing resistance to the antimicrobials agents test among A.baumanni and P.aeruginosa,especially carbapenems among A.baumanni brought great concern.