Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by recurrent episodes of flushing, persistent erythema, inflammatory papules, pustules, and telangiectasia that usually affects the centrofacial region. Conventional oral and topical agents primarily target inflammatory papules and pustules, but limited evidence supports their ability to manage background facial erythema and telangiectasia. Instead, recommendations favor intense pulsed light (IPL) or vascular lasers, such as the pulsed dye laser (PDL), for treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR). Previous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of PDL and IPL as treatments for facial erythema and telangiectasia. This report details the case of a 66-year-old Korean female with ETR successfully treated with IPL and highlights its potential as an alternative treatment option for ETR patients refractory to PDL and conventional medications.

With the increasing use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers in aesthetic medicine, hyaluronidase has been widely used for the correction of HA fillers and the treatment of related complications. A 24-year-old female presented with a whitish papule beneath her right eye. She had previously undergone triamcinolone and HA filler injections with subsequent hyaluronidase treatment. Despite an initial suspicion of triamcinolone residue, observation revealed the persistence of the lesion. A single session of treatment with the pinhole method using a carbon dioxide laser successfully removed the residual hyaluronidase powder, without complications, and the lesion completely resolved after 7 months. By creating microscopic holes and inducing dermal remodeling, the pinhole method is effective in treating various skin lesions. This case highlights the importance of thorough mixing of hyaluronidase solutions and demonstrates the utility of the pinhole method in treating such cases, suggesting its broader applicability in dermatological interventions.

OBJECTIVE: In Korea, online board games, such as “flower cards,” are played using virtual money. In contrast, Internet-based gambling (ibGambling) concerns the use of real money to gamble online. We hypothesized that online board gamers using virtual money show less risky behaviors than do gamblers who use real money, and that, in regard to psychological aspects, online board gamers are less depressed and more introverted than online gamblers are. METHODS: For this study, 100 online board gamers, 100 ibGamblers, 100 offline gamblers (offGamblers), and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited by an online research company. Gambling behavior and self-efficacy were assessed using the Korean Gambling Behavior Scale-high/low factors (KGBS-H/L) and the Gambling Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale (GASS). Additionally, introversion, depression, and mania tendency were assessed. RESULTS: Online board gamers had good intentions gaming, as evidenced by their higher KGBS-L scores than ibGamblers and offGamblers, and they showed less risky behaviors, as evidenced by their lower KGBS-H scores than offGamblers. Additionally, online board gamers were less introverted than ibGamblers and less depressed than offGamblers. CONCLUSION: Online board gaming could be a gateway to the world of gambling (ibGambling or OffGambling). However, the higher tendency of online board gamers to engage in good intentioned gaming could help prevent online board gaming from progressing to online or offline gambling.
Bipolar Disorder ; Depression ; Gambling ; Intention ; Introversion (Psychology) ; Korea

No abstract available.
Facial Pain* ; Immunosuppression ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Organ Transplantation

Purpose: Several studies have been conducted on the relationship between green tea intake and metabolic syndrome. However, compared to the studies carried out internationally, there is inadequate research on the relationship between domestic green tea consumption and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, in this study, the general characteristics of Koreans according to their green tea intake and its association with metabolic syndrome were examined. Methods: A total of 44,611 subjects were included in the study, and analysis was carried out using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) for Korean adults aged 40 or older. Green tea consumption was estimated using 106 verified food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) parameters. After adjusting for confounding variables by performing a Cox regression analysis, the association between green tea consumption and metabolic syndrome was confirmed through the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The average incidence of metabolic syndrome was 18.7% (20.8% in men and 17.8% in women). Compared to those who drank almost no green tea, in subject groups consuming more than one cup of green tea a day, the metabolic syndrome incidence was significantly reduced by 15% (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.96; p trend = 0.0200) among men and by 19% (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73–0.90; p trend < 0.0001) among women. In addition, the biomarkers related to metabolic syndrome also tended to decrease overall in these groups. Conclusion This study concluded that as the intake of green tea increased, the incidence of metabolic syndrome and related indicators decreased. Therefore, green tea intake is believed to have a positive effect on the prevention and management of the metabolic syndrome.