Nowadays,laparoscopy has already been widely applied to the diagnosis and treatment of kinds of diseases,improving the outcome of the patients with its less invasive advantages.In the treatment of gastric cancer,doctors always choose different methods of laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG) according to the tumor's location and its invasion and metastasis.But LG hasn't got widely application in the treatment of gastric cancer,which is meanly attributed to the exist of some Technical problems,failing to control the complications very well and the lack of evidence of long-term oncological outcomes.But with the development of new technology and the accumulation of the surgeons' experience,these problems might be conquered to a certain extent.In this review,the author will summary the application status of LG in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Objective To evaluate the imaging manifestations in diagnosis lipoma of upper alimentary canal.Methods 8 cases with lipoma of upper alimentary canal were performed by barium meal and dual-contrast gastrointestinography(n=8),ultrasound(n=1),computed tomography(n=2)and endoscopy(n=5).Results (1)Barium meal and dual-contrast gastrointestinography could diagnose benign space-occupation of upper alimentary canal.(2)Ultrasound and endoscopy could diagnose benign space-occupation.(3)The density of fat of lesion could well be displayed by computed tomography and contrast-enhenment computed tomography and lipoma could be diagnosed before opertion.Conclusion The combination of gastrointestinography,endoscopy and computed tomography can be regarded as the first procedure for diagnosis lipoma of upper alimentary canal.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of polyscope modular flexible ureteroscope combined with Holmium laser lithotrip-sy in the treatment of renal calculi. Methods 53 patients with renal calculi were performed CTU to detect the position of renal calculi before operation. The patients were treated with polyscope modular flexible ureteroscope combined with Holmium laser, and the double J tube were routinely indwelled 4 to 12 weeks after surgery. Results All the 52 patients has successfully completed the operation in the frist stage. The mean operative time was about 38 minutes. 6 patients were treated with flexible ureteroscope for second stage operation. One week after oper-ation, the review showed that there were residual calculi existed in 24 cases and there were 56 cases of post-operative infection, including 17 cases of sepsis or sepsis shock. Conclusion Polyscope modular flexible ureteroscope can be used for all kinds of kidney stones surgery and is characterized by safety and mild tissue injury. But we should pay more attention to the post-operative infection especially urosepsis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of treadmill running exercise of different intensity on early repair of full-thickness defects on the patellofemoral articular surface and the changes in the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in SD rats.

METHODSTwenty-four male SD rats with full-thickness defects on the patellofemoral articular surface were randomly assigned into sedentary control (SED) group and low-, moderate- and high-intensity running groups (LIR, MIR, and HIR groups, respectively). The running groups were trained on treadmill for 6 consecutive weeks. Blood samples were collected to detect serum MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels using ELISA before and after the experiment, and the femoral trochlea were collected to assess tissue repair by gross appearance scoring and O Driscoll histological scoring with Safranine O-Fast Green staining and Toluidine blue staining.

RESULTSIn rats in SED group, the defect was filled with hyaline articular cartilage-like tissues, as compared to fibrous tissues in LIR and MIR groups and subchondral bone damage in HIR group. The SED group scored the highest and HIR group the lowest among the 4 groups in gross appearance scoring and O Driscoll histological scoring. No significant differences were found in MMP-3 or TIMP-1 levels among the groups before training (P>0.05), but after 6 weeks of training, serum MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels differed significantly among the 4 groups (P<0.05), and all the 3 running groups had a significantly higher MMP-3 level than the control group (P<0.05). After the 6-week training, TIMP-1/MMP-3 ratio was significantly higher in SED group than in the 3 running groups, and was the lowest in HIR group.

CONCLUSIONBoth low- and moderate-intensity exercise failed to promote resurfacing of full-thickness cartilage defects on the patellofemoral articular surface in rats, and high-intensity exercise even induces subchondral bone damage. The expression of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 is related to exercise, and the TIMP-1/MMP-3 ratio reflects the extent of tissue repair.

Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; metabolism ; Wound Healing

Objective To evaluate the effects of treadmill running exercise of different intensity on early repair of full-thickness defects on the patellofemoral articular surface and the changes in the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in SD rats. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats with full-thickness defects on the patellofemoral articular surface were randomly assigned into sedentary control (SED) group and low-, moderate-and high-intensity running groups (LIR, MIR, and HIR groups, respectively). The running groups were trained on treadmill for 6 consecutive weeks. Blood samples were collected to detect serum MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels using ELISA before and after the experiment, and the femoral trochleas were collected to assess tissue repair by gross appearance scoring and O'Driscoll histological scoring with Safranine O-Fast Green staining and Toluidine blue staining. Results In rats in SED group, the defect was filled with hyaline articular cartilage-like tissues, as compared to fibrous tissues in LIR and MIR groups and subchondral bone damage in HIR group. The SED group scored the highest and HIR group the lowest among the 4 groups in gross appearance scoring and O'Driscoll histological scoring. No significant differences were found in MMP-3 or TIMP-1 levels among the groups before training (P>0.05), but after 6 weeks of training, serum MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels differed significantly among the 4 groups (P<0.05), and all the 3 running groups had a significantly higher MMP-3 level than the control group (P<0.05). After the 6-week training, TIMP-1/MMP-3 ratio was significantly higher in SED group than in the 3 running groups, and was the lowest in HIR group. Conclusion Both low- and moderate-intensity exercise failed to promote resurfacing of full-thickness cartilage defects on the patellofemoral articular surface in rats, and high-intensity exercise even induces subchondral bone damage. The expression of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 is related to exercise, and the TIMP-1/MMP-3 ratio reflects the extent of tissue repair.

Objective To evaluate the effects of treadmill running exercise of different intensity on early repair of full-thickness defects on the patellofemoral articular surface and the changes in the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in SD rats. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats with full-thickness defects on the patellofemoral articular surface were randomly assigned into sedentary control (SED) group and low-, moderate-and high-intensity running groups (LIR, MIR, and HIR groups, respectively). The running groups were trained on treadmill for 6 consecutive weeks. Blood samples were collected to detect serum MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels using ELISA before and after the experiment, and the femoral trochleas were collected to assess tissue repair by gross appearance scoring and O'Driscoll histological scoring with Safranine O-Fast Green staining and Toluidine blue staining. Results In rats in SED group, the defect was filled with hyaline articular cartilage-like tissues, as compared to fibrous tissues in LIR and MIR groups and subchondral bone damage in HIR group. The SED group scored the highest and HIR group the lowest among the 4 groups in gross appearance scoring and O'Driscoll histological scoring. No significant differences were found in MMP-3 or TIMP-1 levels among the groups before training (P>0.05), but after 6 weeks of training, serum MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels differed significantly among the 4 groups (P<0.05), and all the 3 running groups had a significantly higher MMP-3 level than the control group (P<0.05). After the 6-week training, TIMP-1/MMP-3 ratio was significantly higher in SED group than in the 3 running groups, and was the lowest in HIR group. Conclusion Both low- and moderate-intensity exercise failed to promote resurfacing of full-thickness cartilage defects on the patellofemoral articular surface in rats, and high-intensity exercise even induces subchondral bone damage. The expression of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 is related to exercise, and the TIMP-1/MMP-3 ratio reflects the extent of tissue repair.

OBJECTIVETo explore the characteristics of the talonavicular joint movement in vivo and its effects on changes of the medial longitudinal arch.

METHODSFoot CT images in the initial position (neutral position) and terminal position (maximum varus-adduction-dorsiflexion position) were acquired from 9 cases (5 healthy volunteers, including 4 males and 1 female) during foot varus-adduction-dorsiflexion motion. Based on the principle of rigid body kinematics, the CT data were reconstructed and analyzed with Mimics and Geomagic reverse engineering software. The changes of the talonavicular joint in three-dimensional in 6 degrees of freedom were calculated to determine its correlation to the medial longitudinal arch angle.

RESULTSDuring foot varus-adduction-dorsiflexion motion, the talonavicular joint underwent varus-adduction-plantarflexion motion, with the motion range of 38.82∓5.98° in varus, 19.71∓6.33° in adduction, and -5.09∓6.89° in plantarflexion. During talonavicular joint motion, the medial shift of the navicular was significantly correlated to the changes of foot medial longitudinal arch (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDigital technology can solve the problem of measurement of talonavicular joint three-dimensional motion in vivo. Though as a ball-and-socket joint, the talonavicular joint mainly rotates around the sagittal axis, and its movement is a major factor to cause changes of foot medial longitudinal arch.

Adult ; Ankle Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Movement ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Subtalar Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; Talus ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the regulatory mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC) on the biological profiles of KATO-III( cell lines of gastric cancer.

METHODSTranswell cubicle was applied to build the co-cultured model in non-contact style. The differences of cell proliferation and the resistance of anti-tumour drug (5-fluoropyrimidinedione, 5-FU and Cisplatin, CDDP) between co-cultured group and single cultured group were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit 8-assay(CCK-8). The invasion ability was detected by Transwell assay. The expressions of stem cell makers, apoptosis-related factors and epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors were detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe proliferation ability of KATO-III( cells in co-cultured group was significantly stronger than that in single cultured group. The growth rate of KATO-III( cells in co-cultured group was significantly higher than that in single cultured group after treatment of 5-FU and CDDP(P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in co-cultured group KATO-III( cells(P<0.05), while the mRNA expression level of Bax was significantly lower in co-cultured group KATO-III( cells(P<0.05) in comparison with those in single cultured group. As compared to KATO-III( cells in single cultured group, the number of infiltrating-membrane cells was significantly higher (37.33±5.22 vs 14.56±2.54, P<0.01) in co-cultured group, and the mRNA expression levels of Snail and N-cadherin were significantly higher in co-cultured group KATO-III( cells (P<0.05), while the mRNA expression level of E-cadherin was significantly lower in co-cultured group KATO-III( cells (P<0.05). The expressions of CD133, Nanog and Sox-2 mRNA in co-cultured group KATO-III( cells were significantly higher than those in single cultured group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIn co-cultured model sharing non-contact style, BMSC can enhance such properties of KATO-III( gastric cancer cells as the proliferation, the invasion and the chemoresistance. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms may be related to the increase of the expressions of some stem cell markers in gastric cancer cells.

Antineoplastic Agents ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cadherins ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cisplatin ; Coculture Techniques ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; Stem Cells ; Stomach Neoplasms

Objective To investigate the effect of 810 nm low-level laser on neuronal axonal regeneration of mice with spinal cord injury and its related mechanism.Methods In vivo experiment:20 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into the spinal cord injury group(SCI group)and the 810 nm low-level laser irradiation group(low-level laser group)after spinal cord injury according to the random number table method,with each group containing ten mice.A mice SCI model was established through clamp injury and the low-level laser group continuously irradiated the damaged area with weak 810 nm low-level laser with selected parameters(continuous wave with wave length 810 nm,power density 2 mW/cm2,spot are 4.5 cm2,irradiation time 50 minutes,energy 6000J/cm2).Then immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the M1 macrophage marker-inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),the M2 macrophage marker arginase 1(Arg-1)and the universal marker F4/80 of macrophages after 14 days.Furthermore,in the in vitro experiment,standardized low-level laser-macrophage irradiation model was established.Another 20 Balb/c mice were used to obtain primary bone marrow-derived macrophages which were induced into M1 macrophages using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and interferon-gamma(INF-γ).The M1 macrophages were randomly divided into the M1 macrophage group(M1 group)and the low-level laser therapy group(M1 + low-level laser group)equally according to the random number table method.The M1 group was not treated,and the M1 + low-level laser group was treated with low-level laser of selected parameters.RT-qPCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1RA)and interleukin-10(IL-10)in M1 macrophages 24 hours after irradiation.Western blot was used to analyze the expression of iNOS,Arg-1,differentiation antigen cluster 206(CD206),protein kinase B(AKT),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT),cyclic adenosine response element binding protein(CREB)and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine response element binding protein(p-CREB)in M1 macrophages 48 hours after irradiation.Dorsal root gangtion neurons(DRG)were cultured in two groups of macrophage conditioned medium,and the length of DRG axon growth was measured 48 h later to evaluate the effect of low-level laser on neuronal axon growth.Results In the in vivo experiment,compared with mice with spinal cord injury alone,the fluorescence intensity of F4/80+ iNOS+ in the spinal cord injury area decreased(1.00±0.08vs. 0.06±0.04)(P＜ 0.05)and the fluorescence intensity of F4/80 + Arg-1 + increased after low-level laser(1.00±0.07vs.2.15±0.12)(P＜0.01).In the in vitro experiment,compared with the M1 group,the expression of the M1 macrophage marker iNOS in the M1 + low-level laser group decreased(1.00±0.11 vs.0.08±0.01)(P＜ 0.01);the M2 macrophage marker Arg-1(1.00±0.14vs.2.44±0.16)(P＜0.01),and the expression of CD206(1.00±0.12 vs.1.83±0.05)(P＜0.01)increased.In addition,IL-1RA expression was increased in the M1 + low-level laser group compared with the M1 group(RT-qPCR:1.00±0.00vs.2.27±0.22)(P＜0.01)(ELISA:1435.58±100.48vs.2006.12±123.91(P＜0.05);IL-10 expression was also increased in the M1 +low-level laser group compared with the M1 group(RT-qPCR:1.00±0.00 vs. 3.45±0,56)(P＜0.05)(ELISA:137.13±4.20 vs.188.29±8.49)(P＜ 0,01);compared with the M1 group,the macrophage polarization pathway protein in the M1 + low-level laser group increased,AKT(1.07±0.12vs.1.74±0.04)(P＜0.01),p-AKT(1.00±0.12 vs.1.64±0.15)(P＜0.05),p-CREB(1.00±0.10vs.2.12±0.18)(P＜0.01).Compared with the M1 group,the conditioned medium of the M1 + low-level laser group significantly promoted DRG axon growth(567.66±63.59 vs.1068.95±130.14)(P＜ 0,05).Conclusions The 810 nm low-level laser irradiation can promote neuronal axon regeneration of mice with spinal cord injury,which may be related to the regulation of macrophage polarization phenotype by low-level laser through AKT/CREB pathway.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that exert function by posttranscriptional suppression have recently brought insight in our understanding of the role of non-protein-coding RNAs in carcinogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we described the function and molecular mechanism of miR-139-5p in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its potential clinical application in CRC. We found that miR-139-5p was significantly downregulated in 73.8% CRC samples compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues (NCTs), and decreased miR-139-5p was associated with poor prognosis. Functional analyses demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-139-5p suppressed CRC cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-139-5p suppress CRC cell invasion and metastasis by targeting AMFR and NOTCH1. Knockdown of the two genes phenocopied the inhibitory effect of miR-139-5p on CRC metastasis. Furthermore, the protein levels of the two genes were upregulated in CRC samples compared with NCTs, and inversely correlated with the miR-139-5p expression. Increased NOTCH1 protein expression was correlated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. Together, our data indicate that miR-139-5p is a potential tumor suppressor and prognostic factor for CRC, and targeting miR-139-5p may repress the metastasis of CRC and improve survival.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; HCT116 Cells ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; RNA Interference ; Receptor, Notch1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, Autocrine Motility Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Survival Analysis ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays