Objective:To observed the longitudinal changes of the facial growth in vertical dimension in the Chinese adolescents with normal occlusion from 13 to 15 years old.Methods:The subjects were from Beijing area and consisted of 9 males and 14 females aged 12.5-13.5 years with Class I skeletal and dental pattern and without previous orthodontic treatment. Serial 2-year- annual cephalometric radiographs were taken and digitalized. Descriptive statistics for the absolute and incremental changes of the skeletal cephalometric measurements were conducted.Results:Significant gender differences in the changes of facial growth in vertical dimension from 13 to 15 years old were observed. Most of the skeletal measurements in males showed greater value than those in females. The number of the measurements which showed gender difference increased with age. The annual incremental changes of TAFH, TPFH, LAFH, U6-PP in males and those of TPFH and RH in females from 13 to 14 years old were greater than those from 14 to 15 years, However, the average increment of L6-MP in males and that of UI-PP, LI-MP, U6-PP and OB in females from 13 to 14 years old were smaller than those from 14 to 15 years old. There was no significant gender difference in TAFH/TPFH from 13 to 15 years of age. Gender difference from 14 to 15 years old was found in the growth of dental-alveolar height. The main dento-alveolar height changes happened in lower incisors and lower molars in males and in the region of upper molars and upper incisor in females.Conclusion:The skeletal facial growth in vertical dimension from 13 to 14 year old falls into the accelerating period. After 14 years old, the growth velocity is slowed down. There are significant gender differences in the skeletal changes of facial growth in vertical dimension from 13 to 15 years old. From 14 to 15 years old, the gender differences are mainly found in the growth of the dento-alveolar height.

AIM:To study the action of nucleoside diphosphate kinase A(NDPK-A)on the growth of S_ 180,H_ 22,Lewis and H460.METHODS:S_ 180 or H_ 22 cell(5?106)were inoculate subcutaneously into the right armpit of 85 Kunming mice,which were randomized into 8 groups.Lewis lung carcinoma cells(2?105)were inoculate subcutaneously into the right armpit of 85 C57BL/6 mice,which were randomized as Kunming mice.From the 2nd day,the treated groups were given different dose of rhNDPK-A once a day for 8 days(for S_ 180 or H_ 22 by iv)or for 10 days(for Lewis by ip),and the control group was given physiological saline only.H460 tissue pieces about 1.5 mm?1.5 mm?1.5 mm each were inoculated subcutaneously into the armpit of 38 Balb/c/neu mice.After the volume of xenograft become 100 mm?100 mm?100 mm,the nude mice were randomized into 5 groups and given different dose of rhNDPK-A once a day for 17 days.2 days after above treatments,the mice were killed and dissected.The knubs were peeled off and weighted.RESULTS:The growth of S_ 180,H_ 22 and H460 were inhibited by rhNDPK and the growth of H_ 22 was inhibited by rhNDPK at dose of 20 mg/kg combined with cisplatin(0.5 mg/kg).But the growth of Lewis lung cancer was not inhibited.CONCLUSION:rhNDPK-A inhibited the growth of S_ 180,H_ 22 and H460.rhNDPK-A(20 mg/kg)potentiated the antitumor action of cisplatin on H_ 22.

SUMMARY Regenerationofbonetissue,aswellasothertissues,requiresinvolvementandinteraction of cells,scaffolds and relevant growth factors,among which growth factors play a crucial role in maintai-ning the stability of microenvironment.Nel-like-type 1 molecule (NELL-1 ),a novel growth factor in tis-sue engineering,has been studied intensively in recent years.Researches mainly covered gene and pro-tein structure and their expression profiling,biological function,molecular mechanisms and disease rele-vance.NELL-1 expressed in embryonic tissue is essential for growth and development of bone tissue. NELL-1 presents excellent abilities of inducing bone and cartilage regeneration,especially with high spe-cificity to chondrocyte lineage.Compared with classic osteogenic growth factor bone morphogenetic pro-tein 2 (BMP-2),the process of osteogenesis interacted with NELL-1 exhibits stronger specificity,higher bone density and fewerside effects.Furthermore,a recent study shows synergistic effects of NELL-1 and BMP-2.NELL-1 enhances the osteogenic reaction induced by BMP-2 of cells and notably declines in-flammation response caused by BMP-2.This review evaluates the current research progress of the function and application of NELL-1 by the systematic method of evidence-based medicine.

AIM: To investigate the antitumor and immunological activities of the polysaccharides obtained from rabdosia rubescens (RRP). METHODS: In vitro and in vivo tumor inhibitory experiments as well as MTT method were used. RESULTS: With increasing concentration, the RRP exerted direct cytotoxicity effect in vitro on the cell growth of EAC mice,and its inhibitory rate in vivo against sarcoma 180 reached 35% ( P

Objective To investigate the effect of excessive all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on mouse embryonic palatal fusion and the mechanism. Method Palatal shelves from embryonic D 13 embryonic mice were cultured in BGJb medium and treated with vehicle control only or 5 ?mol/L atRA for 72 h. Palatal fusion was examined by hemagglutinin esterase. Apoptosis and laminin were detected by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The level of Smad2 phosphorylation (pSmad2) was analyzed by Western blot. Results atRA led to failure of palatal fusion and inhibited the migration and apoptosis of medial edge epithelial cells (MEE) and degradation of basal lamina within, compared with control palatal shelves in cultures. Additionally, apoptosis was detected in mesenchyme of atRA-treated palatal shelves. Further experiment revealed that pSmad2 was abrogated by atRA. Conclusion atRA induced failure of palatal fusion through inhibition of apoptosis of the MEE cell and degradation of basal lamina within medial edge epithelial seam. Inhibition of pSmad2 may account for the failure of palatal fusion by atRA.

AIM: To investigate the behaviour of 3T3 fibroblast and macrophage co-culture on blood fibrin clot or adipose tissue with recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF). METHODS: MTT method, inverted contrast microscopy, Giemsa staining as well as scanning electron microscope were used in the present study. RESULTS: The effect of rhbFGF on co-culture of 3T3 fibroblast and mouse macrophage on blood fibrin clot in low-serum DMEM with rhbFGF were monitored, and 3T3 fibroblast and macrophage growed well on the blood fibrin blot in low-serum DMEM with rhbFGF. CONCLUSION: The blood fibrin clot, with its low immunogenicity, could be used as a bionic support for three-dimensional tissue culture, and also a physiological carrier to distribute the growth factor rhbFGF for the cells.

Objective:To study the frequency of electrical stimulation affect the atrophy recovery of mouse soleus muscle.Method:Sixty mice,30 of them were randomly divided into blank control group (Con) and atrophy model group (Atro) and validated this model after 1 week.The other 30 mice were randomly divided into three groups:the natural recovery group (Rec),the exercise intervention group (Exer),the electroacupuncture intervention group (Elec) after making them atrophy.Atrophy model group were plaster fixed one week.Natural recovery group was natural fed two weeks after removing the plaster.Exercise intervention group runs 1 hour at 16m/min speed two weeks.EA intervention group were stimulated 15min daily for 2 weeks on hind limb,with pulse duration 0.35ms,frequency 50Hz,for 2 weeks.Frozen sections and Immunofluorescence were used to measure the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers.ATPase staining was used to detect the muscle fiber type changing,and Western Blot to detect soleus muscle Troponin I-SS (TNNI1) and Troponin I-FS (TNNI2) protein expression.Result:The soleus muscle in Atro group showed significant change in cross-sectional area and wet weight compared with Con group(P＜0.01),The expression of TNNI1 and TNNI2 protein was also significantly different from that of Con group (P＜0.05).Compared with the Rec group,the cross-sectional area of slow muscle and fast muscle in the Exer and Elec groups significantly increased (P＜0.05),TNNI1 protein expression significant ly increased (P＜0.01),TNNI2 protein was no significant difference detected(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The middle low frequency electroacupuncture intervention can effectively increase the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers,in particular,increase the TNNI1 and TNNI2 protein expression of slow muscle fibers.It is as effective as exercise intervention to promote recovery of disuse muscular atrophy.

Objective To study the friction between brackets and archwires and the influential factors. Methods To test the friction of six combinations of canine bracket and stainless steel archwire, and to calculate the critical contact angles for each combination. Results The friction maintains stability with slight changes when the contact angle is smaller than the critical contact angle. The friction increases linearly when the contact angle is larger than the critical contact angle. The friction of different combinations of bracket-archwire are different and the critical contact angles are also different. Conclusion The critical contact angle influences the friction between bracket and archwire significantly. The critical contact angle is relevant to both the structure of the bracket and the size of the archwire.

AIM: To study the pathological change in mouse organs immunitied by inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine. METHODS: Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine was injected into BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Anti-SARS antibody was analyzed by ELISA. After 8 weeks, the immunitied mice were killed and those organs were analyzed by pathological methods. RESULTS: Anti-SARS antibody in mice was positive after 8 days. Only minimal injury was observed in a few lungs and livers, but the other organs were not. CONCLUSIONS: Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine induced mice to create antibody, whereas they did not cause severe injury. This result will be valuable for vaccine into clinical research. [

Objective:To investigate clinical characteristics of cerebrovascular disease complicated with secondary epilepsy in the elderly, and to provide the targeted health care measures.Methods:The 106 elderly patients with epilepsy secondary to cerebrovascular diseases treated in Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University were enrolled as the epilepsy group, and another 106 patients with single cerebrovascular disease without secondary epilepsy during same period were included as the control group.Clinical features and epileptic seizure activity were observed and analyzed, and the targeted health care measures were developed.Results:The proportions of patients with cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral lobe infarction, cortical dysfunction and abnormal brain waves were higher in the epilepsy group [ 66.99%(71 cases), 68.87%(73 cases), 83.02%(88 cases), 70.75%(75 cases), respectively]than in the control group(43.40% or 46 cases, 46.23% or 49 cases, 61.32% or 65 cases, 53.77% or 57 cases)( χ2=11.921、11.121、12.424、6.505, all P<0.05). NFD scores before treatment had no significant difference between the epilepsy group and the control group(22.7±4.8 vs.23.4±5.1, t=1.029, P=0.152). NFD score after 3 months of treatment was higher in the epilepsy group than in the control group(14.3±2.9 vs.10.1±2.5, t=11.294, P=0.000). Conclusions:Epilepsy is a common complication of various cerebrovascular diseases, among which the cerebral hemorrhage is the most common.Polyloencephalopathy and cortical involvement can increase the risk of epilepsy in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.Therefore, it is very important to provide the necessary treatment and health care, so as to reduce the impact of epileptic seizure on the disease condition and improve prognosis in patients with cerebrovascular disease.