Objective To evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of comprehensive control measures of schistosomia?sis in Caidian District, Wuhan City. Methods The data of implementation of the schistosomiasis control measures in Caidian District was collected and analyzed statistically. Results The number of Oncomelania hupensis snail environments and snail area decreased from 213 sites and 223.47 hm2 in 2003 to 59 sites and 51.20 hm2 in 2013, with the decreasing rate of 72.30%and 77.09%, respectively. The infection rate of schistosomiasis of human decreased from 1.58%in 2006 to 0.24%in 2013, with the decreasing rate of 84.81%. The positive rate of stool tests of cattle was 2.19%in 2006 while it was 0 in 2013. Conclusion The comprehensive control measures of schistosomiasis are effective.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of benzodiazepines on Helicobacter pylori (Hp).Methods The Hp international standard strain ATCC43504 was treated with benzodiazepines diazepam,midazolam,and remimazolam,respectively.The treatments with amoxicillin and clarithromycin were taken as the positive controls,and that with water for injection as the negative control.The inhibition zone of each drug was measured by the disk diffusion method.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of each drug against Hp were determined.Hp suspension was configured and treated with diazepam and midazolam,respectively.The bacterial suspension without drug added was used as the control group.The concentration of K⁺ in each bacterial suspension was measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer before drug intervention(T₀)and 1(T₁),2(T₂),3(T₃),4(T₄),5(T₅),6(T₆),and 7 h(T₇)after intervention.Hp urease was extracted and treated with 1/2 MIC diazepam,1 MIC diazepam,2 MIC diazepam,1/2 MIC midazolam,1 MIC midazolam,2 MIC midazolam,1 mg/ml acetohydroxamic acid,and water for injection,respectively.The time required for the rise from pH 6.8 to pH 7.7 in each group was determined by the phenol red coloring method.Results The inhibition zones of diazepam,midazolam,remimazolam,amoxicillin,clarithromycin,and water for injection against Hp were 52.3,42.7,6.0,72.3,60.8,and 6.0 mm,respectively.Diazepam and midazolam showed the MIC of 12.5 μg/ml and 25.0 μg/ml and the MBC of 25 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml,respectively,to Hp.The concentrations of K⁺ in the diazepam,midazolam,and control groups increased during T₁-T₇ compared with those at T₀(all P<0.01).The concentration of K⁺ in diazepam and midazolam groups during T₁-T₄ was higher than that in the control group(all P<0.01).The time of inhibiting urease activity in the 1/2 MIC diazepam,1 MIC diazepam,2 MIC diazepam,1/2 MIC midazolam,1 MIC midazolam,and 2 MIC midazolam groups was(39.86±5.11),(36.52±6.65),(38.58±4.83),(39.25±6.19),(36.36±4.61),and(35.81±6.18)min,respectively,which were shorter than that in the acetohydroxamic acid group(all P<0.01)and had no significance differences from that in the water for injection group(all P>0.05).Conclusion Diazepam and midazolam exerted inhibitory effects on Hp,which may be related to the cleavage of Hp cells rather than inhibiting urease.
Midazolam ; Helicobacter pylori ; Urease ; Clarithromycin/pharmacology* ; Benzodiazepines/pharmacology* ; Diazepam/pharmacology* ; Amoxicillin ; Water ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*

Objective To investigate the protective effects of the total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus on improving hypoxia tolerance in mice. Methods Mice normobaric pressure hypoxia model and oxygen glucose deprivation model in PC12 cells were established, and the effects of PTB on survival time, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, brain and heart superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities, brain tissue pathological changes and cell survival were observed. Results The total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus had prolonged the survival time of mice in confined spaces, increased the activity of SOD and GSH, reduced the production of lipid peroxidation, decreased the degree of anaerobic glycolysis, protected the structure and function of neural cells, and improved the survival rate of OGD-treated cells. Conclusion The total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus could promote the hypoxia tolerance in mice which might be related to scavenging oxygen free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation reaction and protecting the structures and functions of nerve cells.